2
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Medical Grand Rounds

Diabetes mellitus: Incidence and influence on stroke rehabilitation and outcome

, MD & , MD, Editor
Pages 91-108 | Published online: 16 Aug 2016

References

  • Abbott, R.D., Donahue, R.P., MacMahon, S.W., Reed, D.M., & Yano, K. (1987). Diabetes and the risk of stroke: The Honolulu Heart Program. Journal of the American Medical Association, 257, 949–952.
  • Alex, M., Baron, E.K., Goldenberg, S., & Blumenthal, H.T. (1962). An autopsy study of cerebrovascular accident in diabetes mellitus. Circulation, 25, 663–673.
  • American Diabetes Association (ADA) (1987). Position statement: Nutritional recommendations and principles for individuals with diabetes mellitus: 1986. Diabetes Care, 10, 126–132.
  • Aronson, S.M. (1973). Intracranial vascular lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 32, 183–196.
  • Asplund, K., Hägg, E, Helmers, C., Lithner, F., Strand, T., & Wester, P. (1980). The natural history of stroke in diabetic patients. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 207, 417–424.
  • Badeer, H.S., & Zoneraich, S. (1978). Pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in diabetes mellitus. In S. Zoneraich (Ed.), Diabetes and the heart (pp. 26–45). Springfield, IL: Thomas.
  • Badwey, T.M., Rice, J.C., & Kerstein, M.D. (1988). Amputation as a consequence of stroke. Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 29, 563–566.
  • Barnes, A.J., Locke, P., Scudder, P.R., Dormandy, T.L., Dormandy, J.A., Slack, J. (1977). Is hyperviscosity a treatable component of diabetic microcirculatory disease? Lancet, 2, 789–791.
  • Barrett-Connor, E., & Khaw, K. (1988). Diabetes mellitus: An independent risk factor for stroke? American Journal of Epidemiology, 128, 116–123.
  • Berger, L., & Hakim, A.M. (1986). The association of hyperglycemia with cerebral edema in stroke. Stroke, 17, 865–871.
  • Campbell, I.W., Munro, J.F., McCuish, A.C., & Duncan, L.P.J. (1974). Infection and severe diabetic metabolic decompensation. Practitioner, 213, 813–818.
  • Candelise, L., Landi, G., Orazio, E.N., & Boccardi, E. (1985). Prognostic significance of hyperglycemia in acute stroke. Archives of Neurology, 42, 661–663.
  • Chan, A., Beach, K.W., Martin, D.C., & Strandness, D.E. (1983). Carotid artery disease in NIDDM diabetes. Diabetes Care, 6, 562–569.
  • Christlieb, A.R. (1982). The hypertensions of diabetes. Diabetes Care, 5, 50–58.
  • Cox, N.H., & Lorains, J.W. (1986). The prognostic value of blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin estimation in patients with stroke. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 62, 7–10.
  • de Courten-Myers, G.M., Kleinholtz, M., Wagner, K.R. & Myers, R.E. (1989). Fatal strokes in hyperglycemic cats. Stroke, 20, 1707–1715.
  • de Courten-Myers, G., Myers, R.E., & Schoolfield, L. (1988). Hyperglycemia enlarges infarct size in cerebrovascular occlusion in cats. Stroke, 19, 623–630.
  • Draznin, E. (1988). Effect of diabetes mellitus on stroke rehabilitation [abstract]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 69, 736.
  • Drielsma, R.F., Burnett, J.R., Gray-Weale, A.C., Byrne, K., & Lusby, R.J. (1988). Carotid artery disease: The influence of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 29, 292–296.
  • Ellenberg, M. (1980). Sexual function in diabetic patients. Annals of Internal Medicine, 92 (part 2), 331–333.
  • Feibel, J.H., Hardy, P.M., Campbell, R.G., Goldstein, M.N., & Joynt, R.J. (1977). Prognostic value of the stress response following stroke. Journal of the American Medical Association, 238, 1374–1376.
  • Feigenson, J.S., McDowell, F.H., Meese, P., McCarthy, M.L., & Greenberg, S.D. (1977). Factors influencing outcome and length of stay in a stroke rehabilitation unit. Part 1: Analysis of 248 unscreened patients' medical and functional prognostic indicators. Stroke, 8, 651–656.
  • Fritz, C., & Braune, H.J. (1992). Cerebral infarction and nephrotic syndrome. Stroke, 23, 1380–1381.
  • Fuh, J.L., Teng, M.M.H., Yang, W.C., & Liu, H.C. (1992). Cerebral infarction in young men with nephrotic syndrome. Stroke, 23, 295–297.
  • Gandhavadi, B., & Rosen, J.S. (1981). Brittle diabetes and stroke: A complicated rehabilitation problem. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 62, 235–236.
  • Garber, A.J., Vinik, A.I., & Crespin, S.R. (1992). Detection and management of lipid disorders in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care, 15, 1068–1074.
  • Garcia, M.J., McNamara, P.M., Gordon, T., & Kannel, W.B. (1974). Morbidity and mortality in diabetics in the Framingham population. Diabetes, 23, 105–111.
  • Garrison, J.H., Shankara, B., & Mueller, M.J. (1986). Stroke hemiplegia and subsequent lower extremity amputation: Which side is at risk? Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 67, 187–189.
  • Gelber, D.A., Good, D.C., Laven, L.J., & Verhulst, S.J. (1993). Causes of urinary incontinence after acute hemispheric stroke. Stroke, 24, 378–382.
  • Ginsberg, M.D., Prado, R., Dietrich, W.D., Busto, R., & Watson, B.D. (1987). Hyperglycemia reduces the extent of cerebral infarction in rats. Stroke, 18, 570–574.
  • Ginsberg, M.D., Welsh, F.A., & Budd, W.W. (1980). Deleterious effect of glucose pretreatment on recovery from diffuse cerebral ischemia in the cat. Stroke, 11, 347–354.
  • Gray, C.S., French, J.M., Bates, D., Cartlidge, N.E.F., Venables, G.S., & James, O.F.W. (1989). Increasing age, diabetes mellitus and recovery from stroke. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 65, 720–724.
  • Gresham, G.E., Phillips, T.F., Wolf, P.A., McNamara, P.M., Kannel, W.B., & Dawber, T.R. (1979). Epidemiologic profile of long-term stroke disability: The Framingham study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 60, 487–491.
  • Harvey, R.L., Stachowski, K.M., Dewulf, D.K. (1992). Independent insulin administration by the hemiplegic patient: Stabilization of an insulin pen with a new device. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 73, 779–781.
  • Helgason, C.M. (1988). Blood glucose and stroke. Stroke, 19, 1049–1053.
  • Janka, H.U. (1985). Five-year incidence of major macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Hormone and Metabolism Research Supplement Series, 15, 15–19.
  • Kanfer, A. (1990). Coagulation factors in nephrotic syndrome. American Journal of Nephrology, 10, (Suppl. 1), 63–68.
  • Kannel, W.B., & McGee, D.L. (1979). Diabetes and cardio-vascular disease: The Framingham study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 241, 2035–2038.
  • Kittner, S.J., White, L.R., Losonczy, D.G., Wolf, P.A., & Hebel, J.R. (1990). Black-white differences in stroke incidence in a national sample: The contribution of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Medical Association, 264, 1267–1270.
  • Klein, R. (1987). The epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy: Findings from the Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. International Ophthalmology Clinics, 27, 230–238.
  • Kuebler, T.W., Bendick, P.J., Fineberg, S.E., Markand, O.N., Norton, J.A., Vinicor, F.N. & Clark, C.M. (1983). Diabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular disease: Prevalence of carotid artery occlusive disease and associated risk factors in 482 adult diabetic patients. Diabetes Care, 6, 274–278.
  • Lehman, T.P., & Jacobs, J.A. (1983). Etiology of diabetic impotence. Journal of Urology, 129, 291–294.
  • Manson, J.E., Colditz, G.A., Stampfer, M.J., Willet, W.C., Krolewski, A.S., Rosner, B., Arky, R.A., Speizer, F.E., & Hennekens, C.H. (1991). A prospective study of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 151, 1141–1147.
  • Marsh, E.E., Biller, J., Adams, H.P., & Kaplan, J.M. (1991). Cerebral infarction in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Stroke, 22, 90–93.
  • Matsumoto, N., Whisnant, J.P., Kurland, L.T., & Okazaki, H. (1973). Natural history of stroke in Rochester, Minnesota, 1955 through 1969: An extension of a previous study, 1945 through 1954. Stroke, 4, 20–29.
  • Mayne, E.E., Bridges, J.M., & Weaver, J.A. (1970). Platelet adhesiveness, plasma fibrinogen and factor VIII levels in diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia, 6, 436–440.
  • McMillan, D.E. (1985). Blood flow, diabetes, and atherogenesis. In F. Plum & W. Pusenelli (Eds.), Cerebrovascular diseases (pp. 97–105). New York: Raven.
  • Melamed, E. (1976). Reactive hyperglycemia in patients with acute stroke. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 29, 267–275.
  • Mohr, J.P., Caplan, L.R., Melski, W., Goldstein, R.J., Duncan, G.W., Kistler, J.P., Pessin, M.S., & Bleich, H.L. (1978). The Harvard Cooperative Stroke Registry: A prospective registry. Neurology, 28, 754–762.
  • Mulligan, T., Retchin S.M., Chinchilli, V.M., & Bettinger, C.B. (1988). The role of aging and chronic disease in sexual dysfunction. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 36, 520–524.
  • Myers, M.G., Norris, J.W., Hachinski, V.C., & Sole, M.J. (1981). Plasma norepinephrine in stroke. Stroke, 12, 200–204.
  • Nathan, D.M. (1993). Long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine, 328, 1676–1685.
  • Nedergaard, M. (1987). Transient focal ischemia in hyperglycemic rats is associated with increased cerebral infarction. Brain Research, 408, 79–85.
  • Nedergaard, M., & Diemer, N.H. (1987). Focal ischemia of the rat brain, with special reference to the influence of plasma glucose concentration. Acta Neuropathologica, 73, 131–137.
  • Olsson, T., Viitanen, M., Asplund, K., Eriksson, S., & Hägg, E. (1990). Prognosis after stroke in diabetic patients. A controlled prospective study. Diabetologia, 33, 244–249.
  • Oppenheimer, S.M., Hoffbrand, B.I., Oswald, G.A., & Yudkin, J.S. (1985). Diabetes mellitus and early mortality from stroke. British Medical Journal, 291, 1014–1015.
  • Pell, S., & D'Alonzo, C.A. (1967). Some aspects of hypertension in diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Medical Association, 202, 104–110.
  • Power, M.J., Fullerton, K.J., & Stout, R.W. (1988). Blood glucose and prognosis of acute stroke. Age and Aging, 17, 164–170.
  • Pulsinelli, W.A., Levy, D.E., Sigsbee, B., Scherer, P., & Plum, F. (1983). Increased damage after ischemic stroke in patients with hyperglycemia with or without established diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Medicine, 74, 540–544.
  • Pulsinelli, W.A., Waldman, S., Rawlinson, D., & Plum, F. (1982). Moderate hyperglycemia augments ischemic brain damage: A neuropathic study in the rat. Neurology, 32, 1239–1246.
  • Rabin, J.M., & Badlani, G. (1991). Importance of complete cystometric evaluation of vesical dysfunction in elderly diabetic patients. Archives of Internal Medicine, 151, 201–202.
  • Richter, E.A., Ruderman, N.B., & Schneider, S.H. (1981). Diabetes and exercise. American Journal of Medicine, 70, 201–209.
  • Roehmholdt, M.E., Palumbo, P.J., Whisnant, J.P., & Elveback, L.R. (1983). Transient ischemic attack and stroke in a community-based diabetic cohort. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 58, 56–58.
  • Ronald, A.R., & Pattullo, A.L.S. (1991). The natural history of urinary infection in adults. Medical Clinics of North America, 75, 299–312.
  • Roth, E.J. (1991). Medical complications encountered in stroke rehabilitation. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 2, 563–578.
  • Rytter, L., Troelsen, S., & Beck-Nielsen, H. (1985). Prevalence and mortality of acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 8, 230–234.
  • Schafer, A.I. (1985). The hypercoagulable states. Annals of Internal Medicine, 102, 814–828.
  • Sheikh, K., Brennan, P.J., Meade, T.W., Smith, D.S., & Goldenberg, E. (1983). Predictors of mortality and disability in stroke. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 37, 70–74.
  • Siesjö, B.K. (1992a). Pathophysiology and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia. Part I: Pathophysiology. Journal of Neurosurgery, 77, 169–184.
  • Siesjö, B.K. (1992b). Pathophysiology and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia. Part II: Mechanisms of damage and treatment. Journal of Neurosurgery, 77, 337–354.
  • Starer, P., & Libow, L. (1990). Cystometric evaluation of bladder dysfunction in elderly diabetic patients. Archives of Internal Medicine, 150, 810–813.
  • Steiner, G. (1981). Diabetes and atherosclerosis: An overview. Diabetes, 30, (Suppl. 2), 1–7.
  • Stem, M.P., & Haffner, S.M. (1991). Dyslipidemia in type II diabetes; Implications for therapeutic intervention. Diabetes Care, 14, 1144–1159.
  • Storm, T., Hildebrandt, P., & Sykulski, R. (1985). Diabetes mellitus and early mortality from stroke. British Medical Journal, 291, 1577.
  • van Kooten, F., Hoogerbrugge, N., Naarding, P., & Koudstaal, P.J. (1993). Hyperglycemia in the acute phase of stroke is not caused by stress. Stroke, 24, 1129–1132.
  • Venezio, F.R. (1987). Treatment of nosocomial aspiration pneumonia and soft-tissue infections in diabetic patients. Clinical Therapeutics, 10, (Suppl. A), 66–70.
  • Warner, D.S., Gionet, T.X., Todd, M.M., & McAllister, A.M. (1992). Insulin-induced normoglycemia improves ischemic outcome in hyperglycemic rats. Stroke, 23, 1775–1781.
  • Weinberger, J., Biscarra, V., Weisberg, M.K., & Jacobson, J.H. (1983). Factors contributing to stroke in patients with atherosclerotic disease of the great vessels: The role of diabetes. Stroke, 14, 709–712.
  • Woo, E., Chan, Y.W., Yu, Y.L., & Huang, C.Y. (1988). Admission glucose level in relation to mortality and morbidity outcome in 252 stroke patients. Stroke, 19, 185–191.
  • Woo, E., Ma, J.T.C., Robinson, J.D., & Yu, Y.L. (1988). Hyperglycemia is a stress response in acute stroke. Stroke, 19, 1359–1364.
  • Woo, J., Lam, C.W.K., Kay, R., Wong, A.H.Y., Teoh, R., & Nicholls, M.G. (1990). The influence of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on immediate and 3-month morbidity and mortality after acute stroke. Archives of Neurology, 47, 1174–1177.
  • Zatz, R., & Brenner, B.M. (1986). Pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy: The hemodynamic view. American Journal of Medicine, 80, 443–453.
  • Zinman, B., & Vranic, M. (1985). Diabetes and exercise. Medical Clinics of North America, 69, 145–157.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.