References
- Adams, R.D., & Victor, M. (1989). Principles of neurology (4th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
- Albert, M.S. (1988). Assessment of cognitive dysfunction. In M.S. Albert & M.B. Moss (Eds.), Geriatric neuropsychology. New York, NY: Guilford.
- American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
- Bayles, K.A. (1994). Management of neurogenic communi-cation disorders associated with dementia. In R. Chapey (Ed.), Language intervention strategies in adult aphasia (3rd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
- Bayles, K.A., & Kaszniak, A.W. (1987). Communication and cognition in normal aging and dementia. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
- Bayles, K.A., & Tomoeda, C. (1990). Arizona battery for communication disorders of dementia. Tucson, AZ: Canyonlands Publishing.
- Benton, A.L. (1974). Revised Visual Retention Test: Clinical and experimental application (4th ed.). New York, NY: The Psychological Corporation.
- Blessed, G., Tomlinson, B.E., & Roth, M. (1968). The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile changes in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects. Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 797–811.
- Borkowski, J.G., Benton, A.L., & Spreen, O. (1967). Word fluency and brain damage. Neuropsychologia, 5,135–140.
- Butler, R.N., & Lewis, Mi. (1983). Aging and mental health. New York, NY: A Plume Book.
- Cohen, D., & Eisdorfer, C. (1984). Risk factors in late life dementias. In 1. Wertheimer & M. Marois (Eds.), Senile dementia: Outlook for the future. New York, NY: Alan R. Liss.
- Delis, D.C., Kramer, J.H., & Kaplan, E. (1987). California learning test. New York, NY : The Psychological Corporation.
- DeRenzi, E., & Faglioni, P. (1978). Normative data and screening power of a shortened version of the Token Test. Cortex, 14, 41–49.
- DeRenzi, E., & Ferrari, C. (1978). The Reporter's Test: A sensitive test to detect expressive disturbances in aphasia. Cortex, 14, 279–293.
- Dunn, L.M., & Dunn, L.M. (1981). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
- Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., & McHugh, P.R. (1975). Minimental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.
- Fuld, P.A. (1978). Psychological testing in differential diagnosis of dementias. In R. Katzman, R.D. Terry, and K.L. Bick (Eds.), Alzheimer's disease: Senile dementia and related disorders. New York, NY: Raven Press.
- Fuld, P.A. (1980). Guaranteed stimulus processing in the evaluation of memory and learning. Cortex, 16, 255–271.
- Goldfarb, A.I. (1975). Memory and aging. In R. Goldman & M. Rockstein (Eds.), The physiology and pathology of human aging. New York, NY: Academic Press.
- Goodglass, H., & Kaplan, E. (1983). The assessment of aphasia and related disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger.
- Hachinski, V.C., Iliff, L.D., Zilhka, E., duBoulay, G.H.D., McAllister, V.L., Marshall, J., Russell, R.W.R., & Symon, L. (1975). Cerebral blood flow in dementia. Archives of Neurology, 32, 632–637.
- Hughes, C.P., Berg, L., Danzinger, W.L., Coben, L.A., & Martin, R.L. (1982). A new clinical scale for staging of dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 566–572.
- Kahn, P., Goldfard, A., Poliak, M., & Peck, A. (1960). Brief objective measures for the determination of mental status in the aged. American Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 326–328.
- Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (1983). Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger.
- Kazandijian, M. (1993). Communication impairments associ-ated with traumatic brain injury in the older adult. In L. Clark (Ed.), Communication disorders of the older adult: A practical handbook for health care professionals. New York, NY: Hunter/Mt. Sinai GEC Educational Series.
- Kertez, A. (1982). Western aphasia battery. New York, NY: Grune & Stratton.
- Kolb, B., & Whishaw, I.Q. (1985). Fundamentals of human neuropsychology (2nd ed.). New York, NY: W.H. Freeman.
- Mattis, S. (1976). Mental status examination for organic mental syndrome in the elderly patient. In R. Bellack and B. Karasu (Eds.), Geriatric psychiatry. New Y ork, NY: Grune & Stratton.
- Molsa, P.K., Paljarvi, L., Rinne, J.O., Rinne, U.K., & Sako, E. (1985). Validity of clinical diagnosis in dementia: A pro-spective clinicopathological study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 48, 1,085–1,090.
- National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference (1987). JAMA, 258(23), 3,411–3,416.
- National Institute on Aging Task Force. (1980). Senility reconsidered: Treatment possibilities for mental impairment in the elderly. JAMA, 244, 259–263.
- Porch, B.E. (1967). Porch index of communicative abilities. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Powell, A.L., Cummings, J.L., Hill, M.A., & Benson, D.F. (1988). Speech and language alterations in multi-infarct dementia. Neurology, 38,117–719.
- Prutting, C., & Kirchner, D. (1983). Applied pragmatics. InT. Gallagher & C. Prutting (Eds.), Pragmatic assessment and intervention issues in language. San Diego, CA: CollegeHill Press.
- Pryse-Phillips, W., & Murray, T.J. (1992). Essential neurology: A concise textbook (4th ed.). New York, NY: Elsevier.
- Reisberg,B. (1983). Alzheimer's disease: The standard reference. New York, NY: The Free Press.
- Reisberg, B., Ferris, S.H., Anand, R., et al. (1984). Functional staging of dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 435, 481–486.
- Reisberg, B., Ferris, S.H., De Leon, M.J., & Crook, T. (1982). The global deterioration scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1,136–1,139.
- Ripich, D., & Terrell, B. (1988). Patterns of discourse cohe-sion and coherence in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 43, 8–15.
- Ripich, D., Vertes, D., Whitehouse, P., Fulton, S., & Ekelman, B. (1991). Turn-taking and speech act patterns in the discourse of senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type patient. Brain & Language, 40, 330–343.
- Russell, E.N. (1975). A multiple scoring method for the assessment of complex memory functions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 800–809.
- Schmidt, R. (1991). Comparison of MRI in Alzheimer's disease vascular dementia and normal aging. European Neurology, 32, 164–169.
- Shadden, B.B. (1988). Education, counseling and support for significant others. In B. B. Shadden (Ed.), Communication behavior and aging: A sourcebook for clinicians. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
- Shewan, C.M. (1979). Auditory Comprehension Test for Sentences. Chicago, IL: Biolinguistics Clinical Institutes.
- Strub, R.L., & Black, F.W. (1981). Organic brain syndromes: An introduction to neurobehavioral disorders. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.
- Terman, L.M., & Merrill, M.A. (1973). Stanford-BinetIntelligence Scale. Manual for the Third Revision, Form L-M. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
- Terrell, B., & Ripich, D. (1989). Discourse competence as a variable in intervention. Seminars in Speech and Language: Aphasia, 10(4), 282–297.
- Tomlinson, B.E. (1977). The pathology of dementia. In C.E. Wells (Ed.), Dementia (Vol. 15). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.
- Tonkovich, J.D. (1988). Communication disorders in the elderly. In B.B. Shadden (Ed.), Communication behavior and aging: A sourcebook for clinicians. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
- Villardita, C. (1993). Alzheimer's disease compared with cerebrovascular dementia. Acta Neurologica Scandina-vica, 87, 299–308.
- Wagner, O., Oesterreich, K., & Hoyer, S. (1985). Validity of the ischemic score in degenerative and vascular dementia and depression in old age. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 4, 333–345.
- Wechsler, D. (1981). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Manual. New York, NY: The Psychological Corporation.