67
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Is functional disability a risk equivalent to the comorbidity of multi-vascular risk factors for cardiovascular events and all-cause death? A 5-year follow-up study

, , , , , & show all
Pages 553-562 | Received 28 Sep 2019, Accepted 01 Mar 2020, Published online: 15 Mar 2020

References

  • Feigin VL. Anthology of stroke epidemiology in the 20th and 21st centuries: assessing the past, the present, and envisioning the future. Int J Stroke. 2019 Apr 01;14(3):223–237. doi:10.1177/1747493019832996.
  • Boulanger M, Bejot Y, Rothwell PM, Touze E. Long-term risk of myocardial infarction compared to recurrent stroke after transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Jan18;7(2). doi:10.1161/JAHA.117.007267.
  • Singh R, Chen S, Ganesh A, Hill MD. Long-term neurological, vascular, and mortality outcomes after stroke. Int J Stroke. 2018;13(8):787–796. doi:10.1177/1747493018798526.
  • He Q, Wu C, Guo W, et al. Hospital-based study of the frequency and risk factors of stroke recurrence in two years in China. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017 Nov 01;26(11):2494–2500. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.026.
  • Wang W, Jiang B, Sun H, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and mortality of stroke in China: results from a nationwide population-based survey of 480 687 adults. Circulation. 2017 Feb 21;135(8):759–771. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025250.
  • Zhou M, Wang H, Zhu J, et al. Cause-specific mortality for 240 causes in China during 1990–2013: a systematic subnational analysis for the Global Burden of disease study 2013. Lancet. 2016 Jan 16;387(10015):251–272. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00551-6.
  • Jing J, Pan Y, Zhao X, et al. Prognosis of ischemic stroke with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus according to hemoglobin A1c criteria in Chinese population. Stroke. 2016 Aug 01;47(8):2038–2044. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013606.
  • Jia Q, Zhao X, Wang C, et al. Diabetes and poor outcomes within 6 months after acute ischemic stroke: the China national stroke registry. Stroke. 2011 Oct 01;42(10):2758–2762. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.621649.
  • Wang A, Dai L, Su Z, et al. Proteinuria and risk of stroke in patients with hypertension: the Kailuan cohort study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2018 Apr 01;20(4):765–774. doi:10.1111/jch.13255.
  • Wang Y, Xu J, Zhao X, et al. Association of hypertension with stroke recurrence depends on ischemic stroke subtype. Stroke. 2013 May 01;44(5):1232–1237. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.000302.
  • Yang XM, Rao ZZ, Gu HQ, et al. Atrial fibrillation known before or detected after stroke share similar risk of ischemic stroke recurrence and death. Stroke. 2019 May 01;50(5):1124–1129. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.024176.
  • Healey JS, Gladstone DJ, Swaminathan B, et al. Recurrent stroke with rivaroxaban compared with aspirin according to predictors of atrial fibrillation: secondary analysis of the NAVIGATE ESUS randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2019 Jul 01;76(7):764–773. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0617.
  • Park JH, Ovbiagele B. Relationship of functional disability after a recent stroke with recurrent stroke risk. Eur J Neurol. 2016 Feb 01;23(2):361–367. doi:10.1111/ene.12837.
  • Hankey GJ, Jamrozik K, Broadhurst RJ, Forbes S, Anderson CS. Long-term disability after first-ever stroke and related prognostic factors in the Perth community stroke study, 1989–1990. Stroke. 2002 Apr 01;33(4):1034–1040. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000012515.66889.24.
  • Luengo-Fernandez R, Paul NL, Gray AM, et al. Population-based study of disability and institutionalization after transient ischemic attack and stroke: 10-year results of the Oxford vascular study. Stroke. 2013 Oct 01;44(10):2854–2861. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001584.
  • Moorhouse P, Song X, Rockwood K, et al. Executive dysfunction in vascular cognitive impairment in the consortium to investigate vascular impairment of cognition study. J Neurol Sci. 2010 Jan 15;288(1–2):142–146. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.09.017.
  • Schmid AA, Kroenke K, Hendrie HC, Bakas T, Sutherland JM, Williams LS. Poststroke depression and treatment effects on functional outcomes. Neurology. 2011 Mar 15;76(11):1000–1005. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318210435e.
  • Lyden P, Lu M, Jackson C, et al. Underlying structure of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: results of a factor analysis. NINDS tPA stroke trial investigators. Stroke. 1999 Nov 01;30(11):2347–2354. doi:10.1161/01.STR.30.11.2347.
  • Weimar C, Benemann J, Michalski D, et al. Prediction of recurrent stroke and vascular death in patients with transient ischemic attack or nondisabling stroke. Stroke. 2010;41(3):487–493. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.562157.
  • Meng X, Wang Y, Zhao X, et al. Validation of the essen stroke risk score and the stroke prognosis instrument II in Chinese patients. STROKE. 2011;42(12):3619–3620. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.624148.
  • Sumi S, Origasa H, Houkin K, et al. A modified essen stroke risk score for predicting recurrent cardiovascular events: development and validation. Int J Stroke. 2013;8(4):251–257. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00841.x.
  • Fang X, Liu H, Zhang X, Zhang H, Qin X, Ji X. Metabolic syndrome, its components, and diabetes on 5-year risk of recurrent stroke among mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke survivors: a multiclinic registry study. J Stroke Cerebrovascular Dis. 2016;25(3):626–634. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.11.017.
  • Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the barthel index. Md State Med J. 1965 Feb 01;14:61–65.
  • Zung WW, Magruder-Habib K, Velez R, Alling W. The comorbidity of anxiety and depression in general medical patients: a longitudinal study. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990 Jun 01;51(Suppl):77–80, 81.
  • Zhang ZX, Zahner GE, Roman GC, et al. Socio-demographic variation of dementia subtypes in china: methodology and results of a prevalence study in Beijing, Chengdu, Shanghai, and Xian. Neuroepidemiology. 2006 Jan 20;27(4):177–187. doi:10.1159/000096131.
  • Hallqvist J, Ahlbom A, Diderichsen F, Reuterwall C. How to evaluate interaction between causes: a review of practices in cardiovascular epidemiology. J Intern Med. 1996 May 01;239(5):377–382. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1996.431782000.x.
  • Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Walker AM. Concepts of interaction. Am J Epidemiol. 1980;112:467–470.
  • Vart P, Nigatu YT, Jaglan A, van Zon SK, Shafique K. Joint effect of hypertension and elevated serum phosphorus on the risk of mortality in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015 May20;4(5). doi:10.1161/JAHA.114.001706.
  • Wang Y, Cui L, Ji X, et al. The China national stroke registry for patients with acute cerebrovascular events: design, rationale, and baseline patient characteristics. Int J Stroke. 2011;6(4):355–361. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00584.x.
  • Eriksson M, Norrving B, Terent A, Stegmayr B. Functional outcome 3 months after stroke predicts long-term survival. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008 Jan 20;25(5):423–429. doi:10.1159/000121343.
  • Slot KB, Berge E, Dorman P, Lewis S, Dennis M, Sandercock P. Impact of functional status at six months on long term survival in patients with ischaemic stroke: prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2008 Feb 16;336(7640):376–379. doi:10.1136/bmj.39456.688333.BE.
  • Chiu HT, Wang YH, Jeng JS, Chen BB, Pan SL. Effect of functional status on survival in patients with stroke: is independent ambulation a key determinant? Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Mar 01;93(3):527–531. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.10.018.
  • Smith AC, Saunders DH, Mead G. Cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke: a systematic review. Int J Stroke. 2012 Aug 01;7(6):499–510. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00791.x.
  • Navi BB, Kamel H, Sidney S, Klingman JG, Nguyen-Huynh MN, Johnston SC. Validation of the Stroke Prognostic Instrument-II in a large, modern, community-based cohort of ischemic stroke survivors. Stroke. 2011;42(12):3392–3396. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.620336.
  • Ganesh A, Luengo-Fernandez R, Pendlebury ST, Rothwell PM. Long-term consequences of worsened poststroke status in patients with premorbid disability. Stroke. 2018 Oct 01;49(10):2430–2436. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.022416.
  • Boysen G, Krarup LH, Zeng X, et al. ExStroke pilot trial of the effect of repeated instructions to improve physical activity after ischaemic stroke: a multinational randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ. 2009 Jul 22;339:b2810. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2810.
  • Takatori K, Matsumoto D, Okada Y, Nakamura J, Shomoto K. Effect of intensive rehabilitation on physical function and arterial function in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2012 Sep 01;19(5):377–383. doi:10.1310/tsr1905-377.
  • Rimmer JH, Rauworth AE, Wang EC, Nicola TL, Hill B. A preliminary study to examine the effects of aerobic and therapeutic (nonaerobic) exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary risk reduction in stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Mar 01;90(3):407–412. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.07.032.
  • Ribbe MW, Ljunggren G, Steel K, et al. Nursing homes in 10 nations: a comparison between countries and settings. Age Ageing. 1997 Sep 01;26(Suppl 2):3–12. doi:10.1093/ageing/26.suppl_2.3.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.