References
- Almeida, Paul D. 2007. “Defensive Mobilization: Popular Movements against Economic Adjustment Policies in Latin America.” Latin American Perspectives 34 (3): 123–139. doi:10.1177/0094582X07300942.
- Almond, Gabriel A., and Sidney Verba. 1963. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Antidze, Margarita. 2013. “Protests Force Georgia President to Change Speech Venue.” Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-georgia-president/protests-force-georgia-president-to-change-speech-venue-idUSBRE9170Y120130208
- Antidze, Margarita. 2019. “Tens of Thousands Gather in Tbilisi to Demand Snap Elections in Georgia.” Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-georgia-politics-protests/tens-of-thousands-gather-in-tbilisi-to-demand-snap-elections-in-georgia-idUSKBN1XR0K1
- Antidze, Margarita. 2020. “Georgia Marks First Anniversary of Anti-Kremlin Protest.” Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-georgia-protests/georgia-marks-first-anniversary-of-anti-kremlin-protest-idUSKBN23R0SI
- Antidze, Margarita, and Matt Robinson 2009. “Fight Breaks Out during Georgia Street Protests.” Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-georgia-protest-idUSTRE53A15Y20090411
- Bahry, Donna, and Brian D. Silver. 1990. “Soviet Citizen Participation on the Eve of Democratization.” American Political Science Review 84 (3): 821–848. doi:10.2307/1962768.
- Barnes, Samuel H., Klaus R. Allerbeck, Barbara G. Farah, Felix, J. Heunks, Ronald F. Inglehart, Kent M. Jennings, Hans D. Klingemann, Alan Marsh, and Leopold Rosenmayr. 1979. Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE.
- BBC. 2007. “Mass Protest in Georgian Capital.” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7074585.stm
- BBC. 2009. “Georgians Rally against President.” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7991026.stm
- BBC. 2013. “Thousands Protest in Georgia over Gay Rights Rally.” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-22571216
- BBC. 2014. “Georgians Protest against Russia-Abkhazia Agreement.” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30071915
- BBC. 2015. “Protests in Georgia over Government Threat to TV Station.” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34606137
- Beissinger, Mark R., and Gwendolyn Sasse. 2014. “An End to ‘Patience’? The Great Recession and Economic Protest in Eastern Europe.” In Mass Politics in Tough Times: Opinions, Votes and Protest in the Great Recession, edited by Nancy Bermeo and Larry Bartels, 334–371. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Boswell, Terry, and William J. Dixon. 1990. “Dependency and Rebellion: A Cross-National Analysis.” American Sociological Review 55 (4): 540–559. doi:10.2307/2095806.
- Brady, Henry E, Sidney Verba, and Kay L. Schlozman. 1995. “Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation.” American Political Science Review 89 (2): 271–294. doi:10.2307/2082425.
- Brünker, Felix, Magdalena Wischnewski, Milad Mirbabaie, and Judith Meinert. 2020. “The Role of Social Media during Social Movements-Observations from the #MeToo Debate on Twitter.” In Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2356–2365. Maui, Hawaii.
- Carlin, Ryan E. 2018. “Sorting Out Support for Democracy: AQ‐Method Study.” Political Psychology 39 (2): 399–422. doi:10.1111/pops.12409.
- Chakhaia, Lela, and Tamar Bregvadze. 2018. “Georgia: Higher Education System Dynamics and Institutional Diversity.” In 25 Years of Transformations of Higher Education Systems in Post-Soviet Countries, edited by Jeroen Huisman, Anna Smolentseva, and Isak Froumin, 175–197. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Chankseliani, Maia, Ikboljon Qoraboyev, and Dilbar Gimranova. 2021. “Higher Education Contributing to Local, National, and Global Development: New Empirical and Conceptual Insights.” Higher Education 81 (1): 109–127. doi:10.1007/s10734-020-00565-8.
- Chittick, William O., Keith R. Billingsley, and Rick Travis. 1995. “A Three-Dimensional Model of American Foreign-policy Beliefs.” International Studies Quarterly 39 (3): 313–331. doi:10.2307/2600923.
- Choi, Gwangeun. 2018. Measuring Democratic Performance: A Multidimensional Approach. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.
- Civil.ge. 2016. “UNM Holds Anti-Gazprom Human Chain Protest.” https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=29024
- Converse, Philip.E. 2006. “The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics (1964).” Critical Review 18 (1–3): 1–74. doi:10.1080/08913810608443650.
- Crosby, Alan 2017. “Georgian Law Enforcement, Drug Laws Under Fire After Rappers Arrested.” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/georgia-policedrug-laws-under-fire-after-rappers-arrest/28543382.html
- D’Anieri, Paul. 2006. “Explaining the Success and Failure of Post-Communist Revolutions.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 39 (3): 331–350. doi:10.1016/j.postcomstud.2006.06.002.
- Dahl, Robert A. 1998. On Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Dalton, Russell J. 1988. Citizen Politics in Western Democracies. Public Opinion and Political Parties in the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, and France. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House.
- Dalton, Russell J. 2008. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Thousand Oaks, CA: CQ Press.
- Dalton, Russell J., and Alix Van Sickle 2005. “The Resource, Structural, and Cultural Bases of Protest.” UC Irvine CSD Working Papers. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jx2b91
- Davis, Darren W., and Brian D. Silver. 2004. “Civil Liberties Vs. Security: Public Opinion in the Context of the Terrorist Attacks on America.” American Journal of Political Science 48 (1): 28–46. doi:10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00054.x.
- Deen, Thalif. 2020. “World’s Young Activists are on the War Path.” Financial Express. https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/opinions/worlds-young-activists-are-on-the-war-path-1581174511?fbclid=IwAR3Nzja1Bguh9Gprb6dnt21UsCo-YrkoQl3PJY-myZ5Je9NGP2pXQQG0nqU
- Della Porta, Donatella, and Mario Diani. 2006. Social Movements: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Diamond, Larry. 1999. Developing Democracy. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
- Easton, David. 1965. A Systems Analysis of Political Life. New York, NY: John Wiley.
- Eckstein, Harry H. 1966. A Theory of Stable Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Economist. 2011. “The Georgians Blame Russia for Recent Protests.” https://www.economist.com/europe/2011/06/02/on-rustaveli-avenue
- Ekiert, Grzegorz, and Jan Kubik. 1998. “Contentious Politics in New Democracies: East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, 1989-93.” World Politics 50 (4): 547–581. doi:10.1017/S004388710000736X.
- Evans Jr, Alfred B. 2012. “Protests and Civil Society in Russia: The Struggle for the Khimki Forest.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 45 (3–4): 233–242. doi:10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.06.002.
- France24. 2009. “Opposition Rallies up to 20,000 in Fifth Day of Protests.” https://www.france24.com/en/20090413-opposition-rallies-20000-fifth-day-protests-
- Fuchs, Dieter, and Hans-Dieter Klingemann. 1989. “The Left–Right Schema.” In Continuities in Political Action: A Longitudinal Study of Political Orientations in Three Western Democracies, edited by K.M. Jennings, J.W. Van Deth, S.H. Barnes, D. Fuchs, F.J. Heunks, R. Inglehart, M. Kaase, H.D. Klingemann, and J.J.A. Thomassen, 203–134. Berlin, Germany: Walter De Gruyter.
- Gerring, John 2004. “What Is a Case Study and What Is It Good For?” American Political Science Review 98 (2): 341–354. doi:10.1017/S0003055404001182.
- Gibson, James L. 1987. “Homosexuals and the Ku Klux Klan: A Contextual Analysis of Political Intolerance.” Western Political Quarterly 40 (3): 427–448. doi:10.1177/106591298704000305.
- Gibson, James. L., Raymond M. Duch, and Kent. L. Tedin. 1992. “Democratic Values and Transformation of the Soviet Union.” The Journal of Politics 54 (2): 329–371. doi:10.2307/2132030.
- Gibson, Megan. 2012. “In the Caucasus: Protests and Scandal Dominate Georgia’s Elections.” Time. https://world.time.com/2012/09/27/in-the-caucasus-protests-and-scandal-dominate-georgias-elections/
- Gigli, Susan. 1995. “Towards Increased Participation in the Political Process.” Transition 1 (16): 18–21.
- Guérin, Daniel, François Petry, and Jean Crête. 2004. “Tolerance, Protest and Democratic Transition: Survey Evidence from 13 Post‐communist Countries.” European Journal of Political Research 43 (3): 371–395. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00158.x.
- Gurr, Ted R. 1970. Why Men Rebel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Gurr, Ted R., and Robert Duvall. 1973. “Civil Conflict in the 1960s.” Comparative Political Studies 6 (2): 135–170. doi:10.1177/001041407300600201.
- Herrmann, Richard K., Philip E. Tetlock, and Penny S. Visser. 1999. “Mass Public Decisions to Go to War: A Cognitive-Interactionist Framework.” American Political Science Review 93 (3): 553–573. doi:10.2307/2585574.
- Hjerm, Mikael, Maureen A. Eger, Andrea Bohman, and Filip F. Connolly. 2020. “A New Approach to the Study of Tolerance: Conceptualizing and Measuring Acceptance, Respect, and Appreciation of Difference.” Social Indicators Research 147 (3): 897–919. doi:10.1007/s11205-019-02176-y.
- Human Rights Watch. 2011. “Georgia: Police Used Excessive Force on Peaceful Protests.” https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/05/26/georgia-police-used-excessive-force-peaceful-protests#
- Ibrahim, Joseph. 2011. “The New Toll on Higher Education and the UK Student Revolts of 2010– 2011.” Social Movement Studies 10 (4): 415–421. doi:10.1080/14742837.2011.614110.
- Inglehart, Ronald. 1977. The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Inglehart, Ronald. 1990. Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Inglehart, Ronald. 1997. Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Inglehart, Ronald, and Christian. Welzel. 2005a. Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Inglehart, Ronald, and Christian Welzel. 2005b. The Human Development Model and Value Change. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Inglehart, Ronald., and Scott Flanagan. 1987. “Value Change in Industrial Society.” American Political Science Review 81 (4): 1289–1319. doi:10.2307/1962590.
- Jennings, Kent M., and Gregory B. Markus. 1988. “Political Involvement in the Later Years: A Longitudinal Survey.” American Journal of Political Science 32 (2): 302–316. doi:10.2307/2111125.
- Jost, John T., Pablo Barberá, Richard Bonneau, Melanie Langer, Megan Metzger, Jonathan Nagler, Joanna Sterling, and Joshua A. Tucker. 2018. “How Social Media Facilitates Political Protest: Information, Motivation, and Social Networks.” Advances in Political Psychology 39 (1): 85–118. doi:10.1111/pops.12478.
- Kandelaki, Giorgi. 2006. Georgia’s Rose Revolution: A Participant’s Perspective. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
- Kavada, Anastasia. 2018. “Connective or Collective? The Intersection between Online Crowds and Social Movements in Contemporary Activism.” In The Routledge Companion to Media and Activism, edited by G. Meikle, 108–116. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Kimes, Ethan. 2011. “Georgian Police Come down Violently on Anti-Saakashvili Demonstration. A First-Hand Account.” Open Democracy. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opensecurity/georgia-holds-military-parade-on-crime-scene-firsthand-account/
- Kincha, Shota. 2020. “Georgia’s Youth Protesters Lead 2020’s Political Showdown.” Global Voices. https://globalvoices.org/2020/03/02/georgias-youth-protesters-at-the-forefront-of-a-political-showdown/
- Kitschelt, Herbert P. 1986. “Political Opportunity Structures and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies.” British Journal of Political Science 16 (1): 57–85. doi:10.1017/S000712340000380X.
- Klingemann, Hans-Dieter. 1979. “Ideological Conceptualization and Political Action.” In Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies, edited by S.H. Barnes and M. Kaase, 279–304. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
- Kriesi, Hanspeter. 1989. “New Social Movements and the New Class in the Netherlands.” American Journal of Sociology 94 (5): 1078–1116. doi:10.1086/229112.
- Leighley, Jan. E. 1995. “Attitudes, Opportunities and Incentives: A Field Essay on Political Participation.” Political Research Quarterly 48 (1): 181–209. doi:10.1177/106591299504800111.
- Leighley, Jan. 1996. “Group Membership and the Mobilization of Political Participation.” The Journal of Politics 58 (2): 447–463. doi:10.2307/2960234.
- Levy, Clifford J. 2009. “Thousands Demonstrate Against Georgian President.” New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/10/world/europe/10georgia.html
- Lewis, Gregory B., Risa Palm, and Bo Feng. 2018. “Cross-National Variation in Determinants of Climate Change Concern.” Environmental Politics 28 (5): 1–29.
- Linz, Juan J., and Alfred C. Stepan. 1996. “Toward Consolidated Democracies.” Journal of Democracy 7 (2): 14–33. doi:10.1353/jod.1996.0031.
- Lipset, Seymour M. 1959. “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy.” American Political Science Review 53 (1): 69–105. doi:10.2307/1951731.
- Lipsky, Michael. 1968. “Protest as a Political Resource.” American Political Science Review 62 (4): 1144–1158. doi:10.2307/1953909.
- Lomsadze, Giorgi. 2019a. “Protest Season Returns to Georgia.” Eurasianet. https://eurasianet.org/protest-season-returns-to-georgia
- Lomsadze, Giorgi. 2019b. “Protests Revived in Georgia following Election Reform Failure.” Eurasianet. https://eurasianet.org/protests-revived-in-georgia-following-election-reform-failure
- MacFarquhar, Neil, Richard Pérez-Peña, and Ivan Nechepurenko. 2018. “‘I Was Wrong’: Armenian Leader Quits Amid Protests.” New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/23/world/europe/armenia-prime-minister-protests.html.
- Mackinnon, Amy. 2019. “A Flickering Beacon of Democracy in Russia’s Backyard.” Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/27/georgia-georgian-dream-ivanishvili-russia-democracy/
- McAdam, Doug, John D. McCarthy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 1996. Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- McCarthy, John, and Mayer Zald. 1977. “Resource Mobilization and Social Movements.” American Journal of Sociology 82 (6): 1212–1241. doi:10.1086/226464.
- McCloskey, Herbert. 1964. “Consensus and Ideology in American Politics.” American Political Science Review 58 (2): 361–382. doi:10.2307/1952868.
- McCloskey, Herbert, and John Zaller. 1984. The American Ethos: Public Attitudes toward Capitalism and Democracy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- McGuinness, Damien. 2011. “Georgia: Anti-Saakashvili Protesters Vow to Continue.” BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-13499227.
- McVeigh, Karen. 2011. “Occupy Wall Street’s Women Struggle to Make Their Voices Heard.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/30/occupy-wall-street-women-voices
- Mdzinarishvili, David. 2018. “Hundreds Protest in Georgia after Police Raid Night Clubs.” Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-georgia-protests/hundreds-protest-in-georgia-after-police-raid-night-clubs-idUSKCN1ID0I4
- Meyer, David. S., and Debra C. Minkoff. 2004. “Conceptualizing Political Opportunity.” Social Forces 82 (4): 1457–1492. doi:10.1353/sof.2004.0082.
- Miklikowska, Marta, and Helena Hurme. 2011. “Democracy Begins at Home: Democratic Parenting and Adolescents’ Support for Democratic Values.” European Journal of Developmental Psychology 8 (5): 541–557. doi:10.1080/17405629.2011.576856.
- Milbrath, Lester W. 1965. Political Participation: How and Why Do People Get Involved in Politics. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College Publishing Company.
- Mitchell, Lincoln A. 2006. “Democracy in Georgia since the Rose Revolution.” Orbis 50 (4): 669–676. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2006.07.007.
- Navia, Patricio, and Rodrigo Osorio. 2019. “Attitudes toward Democracy and Authoritarianism Before, during and after Military Rule. The Case of Chile, 1972–2013.” Contemporary Politics 25 (2): 190–212. doi:10.1080/13569775.2018.1504426.
- Nechepurenko, Ivan. 2018. “Georgia’s Prime Minister Resigns after Protests and Party Infighting.” New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/13/world/europe/georgia-prime-minister-resigns.html
- Nie, Norman H., Sidney Verba, and Jae-on Kim. 1974. “Political Participation and the Life Cycle.” Comparative Politics 6 (3): 319–340. doi:10.2307/421518.
- Norris, Pippa. 2002. Democratic Phoenix: Reinventing Political Activism. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- O’Brien, Thomas. 2015. “Populism, Protest and Democracy in the Twenty-First Century.” Contemporary Social Science 10 (4): 337–348. doi:10.1080/21582041.2016.1237438.
- Opp, Karl Dieter. 2019. The Rationality of Political Protest: A Comparative Analysis of Rational Choice Theory. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Oravec, Phillip, and Edward C. Holland. 2019. “The Georgian Dream? Outcomes from the Summer of Protest, 2018.” Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization 27 (2): 249–256.
- Parry, Geraint, George Moyser, and Neil Day. 1992. Political Participation and Democracy in Britain. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Peffley, Mark, Pia Knigge, and Jon Hurwitz. 2001. “A Multiple Values Model of Political Tolerance.” Political Research Quarterly 54 (2): 379–406. doi:10.1177/106591290105400207.
- Powell, Bingham, G. 1982. Contemporary Democracies: Participation, Stability, and Violence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Prothro, James W., and Charles, W. Grigg. 1960. “Fundamental Principles of Democracy: Bases of Agreement and Disagreement.” Journal of Politics 22 (2): 276–294. doi:10.2307/2127359.
- Putnam, Robert D., Robert Leonardi, and Raffaella Y. Nanetti. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Quaranta, Mario 2015. Political Protest in Western Europe. Exploring the Role of Context in Political Action. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
- Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2018. “Thousands Protest Georgian Nightclub Raids in Tbilisi.” https://www.rferl.org/a/georgian-police-raid-on-clubs-triggers-protestsin-capital/29223031.html
- Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2021. “Police in Tbilisi Brawl with Opposition Activists, Detain 20 Protesters.” https://www.rferl.org/a/police-in-tbilisi-brawl-with-opposition-activists-detain-several-protesters/31111752.html
- Rathbun, Brian C. 2007. “Hierarchy and Community at Home and Abroad: Evidence of a Common Structure of Domestic and Foreign-Policy Beliefs in American Elites.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 51 (3): 379–407. doi:10.1177/0022002707300842.
- Reuters. 2007. “NATO Criticizes Georgia State of Emergency.” https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL08811833
- Sani, Giacomo, and Giovanni Sartori. 1983. “Polarization, Fragmentation and Competition in Western Democracies.” In Western European Party Systems: Continuity and Change, edited by H. Daalder and P. Mair, 307–340. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
- Scarbrough, Elinor. 1995. “Materialist–Postmaterialist Value Orientations.” In The Impact of Values, edited by J.W. Van Deth and E. Scarbrough, 123–159. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Schwirtz, Michael. 2011. “Protesters Call for the Resignation of Georgia’s President.” New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/23/world/europe/23georgia.html
- Scott, James C. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Seawright, Jason, and John Gerring. 2008. “Case Selection Techniques in case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options.” Political Research Quarterly 61 (2): 294–308. doi:10.1177/1065912907313077.
- Selander, Lisen, and Sirkka L. Jarvenpaa. 2016. “Digital Action Repertoires and Transforming a Social Movement Organization.” MIS Quarterly 40 (2): 331–352. doi:10.25300/MISQ/2016/40.2.03.
- Shabeer, Muhammed. 2020. “Georgia Should Return to the Socialist Path of Development.” Peoples Dispatch. https://peoplesdispatch.org/2020/05/09/georgia-should-return-to-the-socialist-path-of-development/
- Sniderman, Paul M., Joseph F. Fletcher, Peter H. Russell, and Philip E. Tetlock. 1996. The Clash of Rights: Liberty, Equality, and Legitimacy in Pluralist Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Szabó, Máté. 1996. “Repertoires of Contention in Post-Communist Protest Cultures: An East Central European Comparative Survey.” Social Research 63 (4): 1155–1182.
- Szabó, Máté. 2000. “Some Lessons of Collective Protest in Central European Post-Communist Countries: Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and East Germany in 1989–1993.” East Central Europe 27 (1): 59–75. doi:10.1163/18763308-90000018.
- The Guardian. 2012. “Georgia Protesters Call for Prosecutions over Prison Abuse.” https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/21/georgia-protesters-demand-prison-prosecutions
- Tilly, Charles, and Sidney Tarrow. 2007. Contentious Politics. Boulder-London: Paradigm Publishers.
- Van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien, and Bert Klandermans. 2013. “The Social Psychology of Protest.” Current Sociology 61 (5–6): 886–905. doi:10.1177/0011392113479314.
- Veenhoven, Rutt. 1984. Conditions of Happiness. Dordrecht, Holland: Reidel Publishing Company.
- Verba, Sidney, and Norman H. Nie. 1972. Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
- Walker, Shaun. 2007. “Huge Protests in Tbilisi Demand Election after Corruption Claims.” The Independent. https://web.archive.org/web/20071014223051/http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article3010190.ece
- Watters, Jessica. 2017. “Pink Hats and Black Fists: The Role of Women in the Black Lives Matter Movement.” William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice 24 (1): 199–207.
- Young, Amber, Lisen Selander, and Emmanuelle Vaast. 2019. “Digital Organizing for Social Impact: Current Insights and Future Research Avenues on Collective Action, Social Movements, and Digital Technologies.” Information and Organization 29 (3): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2019.100257.