Leptospira seropositivity as a risk factor for Mesoamerican Nephropathy

References

• Wesseling C, Crowe J, Hogstedt C, et al. Resolving the enigma of the Mesoamerican Nephropathy: a research workshop summary. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63(3):396–404.10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.08.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ordunez P, Saenz C, Martinez R, et al. The epidemic of chronic kidney disease in Central America. Lancet Global Health. 2014;2(8):e440–e441.10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70217-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orantes CM, Herrera R, Almaguer M, et al. Chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors in the Bajo Lempa region of El Salvador: Nefrolempa Study, 2009. MEDICC Rev. 2011;13(4):14–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orantes CM, Herrera R, Almaguer M, et al. 2014. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in adults of salvadoran agricultural communities. MEDICC Rev. 2014;16(2): 23–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner DE, McClean MD, Kaufman JS, et al. The Central American epidemic of CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8(3):504–511.10.2215/CJN.05050512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correa-Rotter R, Wesseling C, Johnson RJ. CKD of unknown origin in Central America: the case for a Mesoamerican Nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63(3):506–520.10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.10.062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raines N, González M, Wyatt C, et al. Risk factors for reduced glomerular filtration rate in a Nicaraguan community affected by Mesoamerican Nephropathy. MEDICC Rev. 2014;16(2):16–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez-Rubio O, Brooks DR, Amador JJ, et al. Chronic kidney disease in Nicaragua: a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with physicians and pharmacists. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:247.10.1186/1471-2458-13-350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez-Rubio O, McClean MD, Amador JJ, et al. An epidemic of chronic kidney disease in Central America: an overview. J Epidemiology Community Health. 2013;67(1):1–3.10.1136/jech-2012-201141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesseling C, Crowe J, Hogstedt C, et al. The epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in mesoamerica: a call for interdisciplinary research and action. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(11):1927–1930.10.2105/AJPH.2013.301594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donnell JK, Tobey M, Weiner DE, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in rural Nicaragua. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(9):2798–2805.10.1093/ndt/gfq385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peraza S, Wesseling C, Aragon A, et al. Decreased kidney function among agricultural workers in El Salvador. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;59(4):531–540.10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.11.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres C, Aragón A, González M, et al. Decreased kidney function of unknown cause in Nicaragua: a community-based survey. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;55:485–496.10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.12.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laws RL, Brooks DR, Amador JJ, et al. Changes in kidney function among Nicaraguan sugarcane workers. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2015;21(3):241–250. 10.1179/2049396714Y.0000000102. Epub 2015 Jan 28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijkström J, Leiva R, Elinder CG, et al. Clinical and pathological characterization of Mesoamerican Nephropathy: a new kidney disease in Central America. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013;62(5):908–918.10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.05.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesseling C, Crowe J, Hogstedt C, et al, editors. Mesoamerican Nephropathy: report from the first international research workshop on MeN. Heredia: SALTRA/IRET-UNA; 2013:81–85. [cited 2015 Nov] Available from: http://www.saltra.una.ac.cr/index.php/sst-vol-10.
   Google Scholar
• Cuadra SN, Jakobsson K, Hogstedt C, et al Chronic kidney disease: assessment of current knowledge and feasibility for regional research collaboration in Central America. Work and Health Series, No. 2. Heredia: SALTRA, 20 IRET-UNA; 2006 [cited 2015 Nov]. Available from: http://www.saltra.una.ac.cr/index.php/sst-vol-2.
   Google Scholar
• Pappas G, Papadimitriou P, Siozopoulou V, et al. The globalization of leptospirosis: worldwide incidence trends. Int J Infec Dis. 2008;12(4):351–357.10.1016/j.ijid.2007.09.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Leptospirosis Worldwide 1999. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 1999;74(29):237–244. [cited 2015 Nov] Available from: http://www.who.int/wer
   Google Scholar
• Levett PN. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14(2):296–326.10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bharti AR, Nally JE, Ricaldi JN, et al. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3(12):757–771.10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00830-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haake DA, Dundoo M, Cader R, et al. Leptospirosis, water sports, and chemoprophylaxis. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34(9):e40–e43.10.1086/cid.2002.34.issue-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan J, Bornstein SL, Karpati AM, et al. Outbreak of leptospirosis among triathlon participants and community residents in Springfield, Illinois, 1998. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34(12):1593–1599.10.1086/cid.2002.34.issue-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sejvar J, Bancroft E, Winthrop K, et al. Leptospirosis in “Eco-Challenge” Athletes, Malaysian Borneo, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9(6):702–707.10.3201/eid0906.020751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waitkins SA. Leptospirosis as an occupational disease. Br J Ind Med. 1986;43(11):721–725.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smythe L, Symonds M, Dohnt L, et al. Review of leptospirosis notifications in Queensland and Australia: January 1998–June 1999. Commun Dis Intell. 2000;24(6):153–157.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bovet P, Yersin C, Merien F, et al. Factors associated with clinical leptospirosis: a population-based case-control study in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean). Int J Epidemiol. 1999;28(3):583–590.10.1093/ije/28.3.583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashford DA, Kaiser RM, Spiegel RA, et al. Asymptomatic infection and risk factors for leptospirosis in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;63(5–6):249–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdulkader RC, Silva MV. The kidney in leptospirosis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2008;23(12):2111–2120. 10.1007/s00467-008-0811-4. Epub 2008 Apr 30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz AR, Ansdell VE, Effler PV, et al. Assessment of the clinical presentation and treatment of 353 cases of laboratory‐confirmed leptospirosis in Hawaii, 1974–1998. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33(11):1834–1841.10.1086/cid.2001.33.issue-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Francesco Daher EF, Zanetta DMT, Abdulkader RC. Pattern of renal function recovery after leptospirosis acute renal failure. Nephron Clin Pract. 2004;98(1):c8–c12.10.1159/000079922
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coursin DB, Updike SJ, Maki DG. Massive rhabdomyolysis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by leptospirosis. Intensive Care Med. 2000;26(6):808–812.10.1007/s001340051252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinetz JM, Glass GE, Flexner CE, et al. Sporadic urban leptospirosis. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125(10):794–798.10.7326/0003-4819-125-10-199611150-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath Jr CW, Alexander AD, Galton MM. Leptospirosis in the United States. Analysis of 483 cases in man, 1949–1961. N Engl J Med. 1965;273(17):857–864, 915–922.10.1056/NEJM196510142731606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neil KM, Rickman LS, Lazarus AA. Pulmonary manifestations of leptospirosis. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13(4):705–709.10.1093/clinids/13.4.705
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dupont H, Dupont-Perdrizet D, Perie JL, et al. Leptospirosis: prognostic factors associated with mortality. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25(3):720–724.10.1086/cid.1997.25.issue-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marotto PC, Nascimento CM, Eluf-Neto J, et al. Acute lung injury in leptospirosis: clinical and laboratory features, outcome, and factors associated with mortality. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29(6):1561–1563.10.1086/313501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takafuji ET, Kirkpatrick JW, Miller RN, et al. An efficacy trial of doxycycline chemoprophylaxis against leptospirosis. N Engl J Med. 1984;310(8):497–500.10.1056/NEJM198402233100805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang CW, Wu MS, Pan MJ. Leptospirosis renal disease. Neprhol Dial Transplant. 2001;16(Suppl 5):73–77.10.1093/ndt/16.suppl_5.73
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Covic A, Goldsmith DJA, Gusbeth-Tatomir P, et al. A retrospective 5-year study in Moldova of acute renal failure due to leptospirosis: 58 cases and a review of the literature. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18(6):1128–1134.10.1093/ndt/gfg095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang CW, Pan MJ, Wu MS, et al. Leptospirosis: an ignored cause of acute renal failure in Taiwan. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;30(6):840–845.10.1016/S0272-6386(97)90091-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayakumar M, Ram Prabahar MR, Fernando EM, et al. Epidemiologic trend changes in acute renal failure – a tertiary center experience from South India. Ren Fail. 2006;28(5):405–410.10.1080/08860220600689034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visith S, Kearkiat P. Nephropathy in leptospirosis. J Postgrad Med. 2005;51(3):184–188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niwattayakul K, Homvijitkul J, Niwattayakul S, et al. Hypotension, renal failure, and pulmonary complications in leptospirosis. Ren Fail. 2002;24(3):297–305.10.1081/JDI-120005363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daher EF, Zanetta DMT, Cavalcante MB, et al. Risk factors for death and changing patterns in leptospirosis acute renal failure. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;61(4):630–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cengiz K, Şahan C, Sünbül M, et al. Acute renal failure in leptospirosis in the black-sea reagion in Turkey. Int Urol Nephrol. 2002;33(1):133–136.10.1023/A:1014494012062
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winearls CG, Chan L, Coghlan JD, et al. Acute renal failure due to leptospirosis: clinical features and outcome in six cases. Q J Med. 1984;53(212):487–495.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herath NJ, Kularatne SA, Weerakoon KG, et al. Long term outcome of acute kidney injury due to leptospirosis? a longitudinal study in Sri Lanka. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7(1):398.10.1186/1756-0500-7-398
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coca SG, Yusuf B, Shlipak MG, et al. Long-term risk of mortality and other adverse outcomes after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53(6):961–973.10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.11.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newsome BB, Warnock DG, McClellan WM, et al. Long-term risk of mortality and end-stage renal disease among the elderly after small increases in serum creatinine level during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction. Arch Int Med. 2008;168(6):609–616.10.1001/archinte.168.6.609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang HY, Hung CC, Liu SH, et al. Overlooked risk for chronic kidney disease after leptospiral infection: a population based survey and epidemiological cohort evidence. PloS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(10):e0004105. 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laws RL, Brooks DR, Amador JJ, et al. Biomarkers of kidney injury among Nicaraguan sugarcane workers. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;pii: S0272-6386(15)01157-9. 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.08.022 [Epub ahead of print].
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lelu M, Muñoz-Zanzi C, Higgins B, et al. Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in dogs from rural and slum communities of Los Rios Region, Chile. BMC Vet Res. 2015;11:31. 10.1186/s12917-015-0341-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [Internet]. Leptospirosis (Leptospira interrogans) 2013 Case Definition. Page last updated: May 06, 2015. [cited 2015 Nov] Available from: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/leptospirosis/case-definition/2013/
   Google Scholar
• Stoddard RA. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. through real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the LipL32 gene. Methods Mol Biol. 2013;943:257–266. 10.1007/978-1-60327-353-4_17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, et al. A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(9):604–612.10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolignano D, Lacquaniti A, Coppolino G, et al. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and progression of chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4(2):337–344.10.2215/CJN.03530708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonventre JV, Vaidya VS, Schmouder R, et al. Next-generation biomarkers for detecting kidney toxicity. Nat Biotechnol. 2010;28(5):436–440.10.1038/nbt0510-436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlton JR, Portilla D, Okusa MD. A basic science view of acute kidney injury biomarkers. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014;29(7):1301–1311.10.1093/ndt/gft510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devarajan P. Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL): a new marker of kidney disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 2008;68:89–94.10.1080/00365510802150158
   Google Scholar
• Devarajan P. Biomarkers for the early detection of acute kidney injury. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2011;23(2):194–200.10.1097/MOP.0b013e328343f4dd
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Guo W, Zhang J, et al. Urinary interleukin 18 for detection of acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013;62(6):1058–1067.10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.05.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parikh CR, Abraham E, Ancukiewicz M, et al. Urine IL-18 Is an early diagnostic marker for acute kidney injury and predicts mortality in the intensive care unit. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16(10):3046–3052.10.1681/ASN.2005030236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith ER, Lee D, Cai MM, et al. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin may aid prediction of renal decline in patients with non-proteinuric Stages 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013;28(6):1569–1579.10.1093/ndt/gfs586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaidya VS, Ferguson MA, Bonventre JV. Biomarkers of acute kidney injury. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008;48:463–493.10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obermüller N, Geiger H, Weipert C, et al. Current developments in early diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Int Urol and Nephrol. 2014;46(1):1–7.10.1007/s11255-013-0448-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedford M, Farmer C, Levin A, et al. Acute kidney injury and CKD: chicken or egg? Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;59(4):485–491.10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatachalam MA, Griffin KA, Lan R, et al. Acute kidney injury: a springboard for progression in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010;298(5):F1078–F1094.10.1152/ajprenal.00017.2010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Humphreys BD, Bonventre JV. Pathophysiology of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease: maladaptive repair. Contrib Nephrol. 2011;174:149–155.10.1159/000329385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levett PN. Usefulness of serologic analysis as a predictor of the infecting serovar in patients with severe leptospirosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36(4):447–452.10.1086/cid.2003.36.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganoza CA, Matthias MA, Saito M, et al. Asymptomatic renal colonization of humans in the peruvian Amazon by leptospira. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4(2):e612.10.1371/journal.pntd.0000612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar