1,119
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Spatial distribution of human respiratory droplet residuals and exposure risk for the co-occupant under different ventilation methods

, &
Pages 432-445 | Received 20 Sep 2010, Accepted 13 Mar 2011, Published online: 17 Aug 2011

References

  • Chao , C. Y.H. , Wan , M. P. , Morawska , L. and Johnson , G. R. 2009 . Characterization of expiration air jets and droplet size distributions immediately at the mouth opening . Aerosol Science , 40 ( 2 ) : 122 – 33 .
  • Chen , C. and Zhao , B. 2010 . Some questions on dispersion of human exhaled droplets in ventilation room: answers from numerical investigation . Indoor Air , 20 ( 2 ) : 98 – 111 .
  • Choudhury , D. 1993 . Canonsburg, PA : Fluent Inc. . Introduction to the renormalization group method and turbulence modeling. Technical Memorandum TM-107
  • Edwards , D. A. , Man , J. C. , Brand , P. , Katstra , J. P. , Sommerer , K. , Stone , H. A. , Nardell , E. and Scheuch , G. 2004 . Inhaling to mitigate exhaled bioaerosols . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , 101 ( 50 ) : 17383 – 8 .
  • Fiegel , J. , Clarke , R. and Edwards , D. A. 2006 . Airborne infectious disease and the suppression of pulmonary bioaerosols . Drug Discovery Today , 11 ( 1–2 ) : 51 – 7 .
  • Gao , N. P. and Niu , J. L. 2006 . Transient CFD simulation of the respiration process and inter-person exposure assessment . Building and Environment , 41 ( 9 ) : 1214 – 22 .
  • Gao , N. P. , Niu , J. L. and Morawska , L. 2008 . Distribution of respiratory droplets in enclosed environment under different air distribution methods . Building Simulation , 1 ( 4 ) : 326 – 35 .
  • Garner , J. S. 1996 . Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals . Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology , 17 ( 4 ) : 53 – 80 .
  • Guha , A. 2008 . Transport and deposition of particles in turbulent and laminar flow . Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics , 40 : 311 – 341 .
  • Hinds , W. C. 1999 . Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles , New York : Wiley .
  • Huang , D. Y. 1977 . Physical diagnostics , China Commerce Publishing Co .
  • Knight , J. 2003 . Researchers get to grips with cause of pneumonia epidemic . Nature , 422 ( 6932 ) : 547 – 8 .
  • Kobayashi , N. and Chen , Q. 2008 . Floor-supply displacement ventilation in a small office . Indoor and Built Environment , 12 ( 4 ) : 281 – 91 .
  • Lai , A. C.K. and Nazaroff , W. W. 2000 . Modeling indoor particle deposition from turbulent flow onto smooth surfaces . Journal of Aerosol Science , 31 ( 4 ) : 463 – 76 .
  • Lai , A. C.K. , Wang , K. and Chen , F. Z. 2008 . Experimental and numerical study on particle distribution in a two-zone chamber . Atmospheric Environment , 42 ( 8 ) : 1717 – 26 .
  • Launder , B. E. and Spalding , D. B. 1974 . The numerical computation of turbulent flows . Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering , 3 ( 2 ) : 269 – 89 .
  • Li , Y. , Leung , G. M. , Tang , J. W. , Yang , X. , Chao , C. , Lin , J. Z. , Lu , J. W. , Nielsen , P. V. , Niu , J. , Qian , H. , Sleigh , A. C. , Su , H. J. , Sundell , J. , Wong , T. W. and Yeun , P. L. 2007 . Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment—a multidisciplinary systematic review . Indoor Air , 17 ( 1 ) : 2 – 18 .
  • Mangili , A. and Gendreau , M. A. 2005 . Transmission of infectious diseases during commercial air travel . Lancet , 365 ( 9463 ) : 989 – 96 .
  • Mui , K. W. , Wong , L. T. , Wu , C. L. and Lai , A. C.K. 2009 . Numerical modeling of exhaled droplet nuclei dispersion and mixing in indoor environments . Journal of Hazardous Material , 167 ( 1–3 ) : 736 – 44 .
  • Nardell , E. A. , McInnis , B. , Thomas , B. and Weidhaas , S. 1986 . Exogenous re-infection with tuberculosis in a shelter for the homeless . New England Journal of Medicine , 315 ( 25 ) : 1570 – 5 .
  • Nazaroff , W. W. 2004 . Indoor particle dynamics . Indoor Air , 14 ( Supplement 7 ) : 175 – 83 .
  • Nicas , M , Nazaroff , W. W. and Hubbard , A. 2005 . Toward understanding the risk of secondary airborne infection: Emission of respirable pathogens . Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene , 2 ( 3 ) : 143 – 54 .
  • Nielsen , P. V. , Winther , F. V. , Buus , M. and Thilageswaran , M. 2008 . Contaminant flow in the microenvironment between people under different ventilation conditions . ASHRAE Transaction , 114 ( 2 ) : 632 – 8 .
  • Papineni , R. S. and Rosenthal , F. S. 1997 . The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects . Journal of Aerosol Medicine , 10 ( 2 ) : 106 – 16 .
  • Qian , H. , Li , Y. , Nielsen , P. V. , Hyldgaard , C. E. , Wong , T. W. and Chwang , A. T.Y. 2006 . Dispersion of exhaled droplets nuclei in a two-bed hospital ward with three different ventilation systems . Indoor Air , 16 ( 2 ) : 111 – 28 .
  • Richardson , L. F. 1910 . The approximation arithmetical solution by finite differences of physical problems involving differential equations, with an application to the stresses in a masonry dam . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , 210 : 307 – 57 .
  • Roache , P. J. 1994 . Perspective: A method for uniform reporting of grid refinement studies . ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering , 116 ( 3 ) : 405 – 13 .
  • Topp , C. , Nielsen , P. V. and Sorensen , D. N. 2002 . Application of computer simulated persons in indoor environmental modeling . ASHRAE Transaction , 108 ( 2 ) : 1084 – 9 .
  • Wan , M. P. and Chao , C. Y.H. 2007 . Transport characteristics of expiratory droplets and droplet nuclei in indoor environments with different ventilation airflow patterns . Journal of Biomechanical Engineering , 129 ( 3 ) : 341 – 53 .
  • Xie , X , Li , Y. , Chwang , A. T.Y. , Ho , P. L. and Seto , W. H. 2007 . How far droplets can move in indoor environments-revisiting the wells evaporation-falling curve . Indoor Air , 17 ( 3 ) : 211 – 25 .
  • Zhang , Z. , Zhang , W. , Zhai , Z. and Chen , Q. 2007 . Evaluation of various turbulence models in predicting airflow and turbulence in enclosed environments by CFD: Part 2: Comparison with experimental data from literature . HVAC&R Research , 13 ( 6 ) : 871 – 86 .
  • Zhao , B. , Zhang , Z. and Li , X. T. 2005 . Numerical study of the transport of droplets or particles generated by respiratory system indoors . Building and Environment , 40 ( 8 ) : 1032 – 9 .
  • Zhu , S. , Kato , S. and Yang , J. H. 2006 . Study of transport characteristics of saliva droplets produced by coughing in a calm indoor environment . Building and Environment , 41 ( 12 ) : 1691 – 702 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.