Foundation heat exchangers for residential ground source heat pump systems—Numerical modeling and experimental validation

References

• Antonopoulos , V. Z. 2006 . Water movement and heat transfer simulations in a soil under ryegrass . Journal of Biosystems Engineering , 95 ( 1 ) : 127 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• ASHRAE . 1997 . ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals , Atlanta, GA : American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Claesson , J. and Persson , C. 2005 . “ Steady state thermal problem of insulated pipes solved with the multipole method. Report 2005:3 ” . Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , D. R. 1985 . Standard NBSIR 84–2996, HVACSIM+ building systems and equipment simulation program reference manual , National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD .
   Google Scholar
• Demir , H. , Koyun , A. and Temir , G. 2009 . Heat transfer of horizontal parallel pipe ground heat exchanger and experimental verification . Applied Thermal Engineering , 29 : 224 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Den Braven , D. and Nielsen , E. 1998 . Performance prediction of a sub-slab heat exchanger for geothermal heat pumps . Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Transactions of the ASME , 120 : 282 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Dittus , P. W. and Boelter , L. M.K. 1930 . Heat transfer in automobile radiators of the tubular type . University of California Publications in Engineering , 2 ( 13 ) : 443 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Esen , H. , Inalli , M. and Esen , M. 2007 . Numerical and experimental analysis of a horizontal ground-coupled heat pump system . Building and Environment , 42 ( 3 ) : 1126 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao , J. , Zhang , X. , Liu , J. , Li , K. and Yang , J. 2008 . Numerical and experimental assessment of thermal performance of vertical energy piles: An application . Applied Energy , 85 ( 10 ) : 901 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Hart , D. P. and Couvillion , R. 1986 . Earth-Coupled Heat Transfer , Dublin, OH : National Water Well Association .
   Google Scholar
• Incropera , F. P. and Dewitt , D. P. 1996 . Introduction to Heat Transfer , 3rd sub ed , Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Ingersoll , L. R. and Plass , H. J. 1948 . Theory of the ground pipe heat source for the heat pump . Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning , 20 : 119 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Kusuda , T. and Achenbach , P. R. 1965 . Earth temperatures and thermal diffusivity at selected stations in the United States . ASHRAE Transactions , 71 ( 1 ) : 61 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Lamberg , P. , Lehtiniemi , R. and Henell , A. M. 2004 . Numerical and experimental investigation of melting and freezing processes in phase change material storage . International Journal of Thermal Sciences , 43 ( 3 ) : 277 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Lu , S. , Ren , T. , Gong , Y. and Horton , R. 2007 . An improved model for predicting soil thermal conductivity from water content at room temperature . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 71 : 8 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mei , V. C. 1986 . “ Horizontal ground-coil heat exchanger theoretical and experimental analysis. Technical report ” . Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN .
   Google Scholar
• Metz , P. D. 1983 . Ground-coupled heat pump system experimental results . 1983 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Washington, DC, USA , 89 : 407 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , W. , Kośny , J. , Shrestha , S. , Christian , J. , Karagiozis , A. , Kohler , C. and Dinse , D. 2010 . Advanced residential envelopes for two pair of energy-saver homes . Proceedings of ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Pacific Grove, CA ,
   Google Scholar
• Natural Resources Conservation Service . 2011 . Web soil survey , United States Department of Agriculture . http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/
   Google Scholar
• Niu , G. Y. and Yang , Z. L. 2006 . Effects of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff and soil water storage at a continental scale . Journal of Hydrometeorology , 7 ( 5 ) : 937 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Piechowski , M. 1996 . “ A ground coupled heat pump system with energy storage ” . PhD thesis, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .
   Google Scholar
• Saastamoinen , J. J. 2007 . Unsteady state temperature fields in a slab induced by line sources . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 50 ( 3–4 ) : 756 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Tarnawski , V. R. and Leong , W. H. 1993 . Computer analysis, design and simulation of horizontal ground heat exchangers . International Journal of Energy Research , 17 : 467 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter , I. A. , Allen , R. G. , Elliott , R. , Itenfisu , D. , Brown , P. , Jensen , M. E. , Mecham , B. , Howell , T. A. , Snyder , R. , Eching , S. , Spofford , T. , Hattendorf , M. , Martin , D. , Cuenca , R. H. and Wright , J. L. 2005 . “ The ASCE standardized reference evapotranspiration equation. Standardization of Reference Evapotranspiration Task Committee Final Report ” . Reston, VA : American Society Civil Engineers, Environmental and Water Resources Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Wilcox , S. and Marion , W. 2008 . “ User's manual for TMY3 data sets. NREL/TP-581-43156 ” . Golden, CO : National Renewable Energy Laboratory .
   Google Scholar
• Xing , L. , Spitler , J. D. and Cullin , J. R. 2010 . “ Modeling of foundation heat exchangers ” . In Proceedings of System Simulation in Buildings 2010, Liège, Belgium, December 13–15
   Google Scholar