150
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A comparative analysis on experimental performance of CO2 trans-critical cycle

, &
Pages 532-544 | Received 07 Oct 2013, Accepted 06 Mar 2014, Published online: 01 Jul 2014

References

  • Austin, B.T., and K. Sumathy. 2010. Transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump systems: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15(8):4013–29.
  • Baek, C.H., J.H. Heo, H. Kang, and Y. Kim. 2011. Performance characteristics of a CO2water heater under various operating conditions. Proceedings of the 23 IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, Prague, August 21–26, Paper # 240.
  • Beaver, A.C., J.M. Yin, C.W. Bullard, and P.S. Hrnjak. 1999. An experimental investigation of transcritical carbon dioxide systems for residential air conditioning. ACRC CR-18. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/13325/CR018.pdf?sequence=2.
  • Bullard, C. 2004. Transcritical CO2 systems—Recent progress and new challenges. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. . http://www.r744.com/papers.view.php?Id=281.
  • Cabello, R., D. Sanchez, R. Llopis, and E. Torrella. 2008. Experimental evaluation of the energy efficiency of a CO2 refrigerating plant working in transcritical conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering 28(13):1596–604.
  • Cavallini, A., L. Cecchinato, M. Corradi, E. Fornasieri, and C. Zilio. 2005. Two-stage transcritical carbon dioxide cycle optimization: A theoretical and experimental analysis. International Journal of Refrigeration 28:1274–83.
  • Cecchinato, L., M. Chiarello, and M. Corradi. 2010. Design and experimental analysis of a carbon dioxide transcritical chiller for commercial refrigeration. Applied Energy 87:2095–101.
  • Cho, H., M.Y. Lee, and Y. Kim. 2009. Numerical evaluation on the performance of advanced CO2 cycles in the cooling mode operation. Applied Thermal Engineering 29:1485–92.
  • Cho, H., H. Lee, Y. Jang, and Y. Kim. 2007. Experimental study on the heating performance of a variable speed CO2 heat pump with a variation of operating conditions. Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 32(8):694–701. . (in Korean)
  • Cutler, B., Y. Hwang, and R. Radermacher. 2000. Development of a breadboard prototype carbon dioxide environmental control unit. Proceeding of the 4th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, July 25–28, pp. 119–127.
  • Deng, S., Y.J. Dai, and R.Z. Wang. 2012. Performance study on hybrid solar-assisted CO2 heat pump system based on the energy balance of net zero energy apartment. Energy and Buildings 54:337–49.
  • Fernandez, N., Y. Hwang, and R. Radermacher. 2010. Comparison of CO2 heat pump water heater performance with baseline cycle and two high COP cycles. International Journal of Refrigeration 33(3):635–44.
  • General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. 2001. Water chilling (heat pump) packages using the vapor compression cycle, water chilling (heat pump) packages for industrial and commercial and similar application (GB/T 18430.1-2001). . Beijing, China: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.
  • General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. 2003. Water-source heat pump-testing and rating for performance (GB/T 19409-2003). . Beijing, China: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.
  • Giannavola, M.S., and P.S. Hrnjak. 2002. Experimental Study of system performance improvements in transcritical R744 systems for mobile air-conditioning and heat pump. . ACRC CR-46. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/13405/C-R046.pdf?sequence=2.
  • Girotto, S., S. Minetto, and P. Neksa. 2004. Commercial refrigeration system using CO2 as the refrigerant. International Journal of Refrigeration 27:717–23.
  • Gorenflo, D., and S. Kotthoff. 2005. Review on pool boiling heat transfer of carbon dioxide. International Journal of Refrigeration 28(8):1169–85.
  • Groll, E.A., and J. Kim. 2007. Review of recent advances toward transcritical CO2 cycle technology. HVAC&R Research 13:499–520.
  • Hrnjak, P. 2010. Thermodynamic possibilities and technological opportunities for improving the science of refrigeration in search for low global warming thermal systems. . Report for 2010 Internaitonal Symposium on Next-generation air conditioning and refrigeration technology. http://www.flickr.com/photos/46551926@N06/sets/72157623453338045/.
  • Hwang, Y., and R. Radermacher. 1999. Experimental investigation of the CO2 refrigeration cycle. ASHRAE Transactions 105:1219–27.
  • Kim, M.H., J. Pettersen, and C. Bullard. 2007. Fundamental process and system design issues in CO2 vapor compression systems. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 30(2):119–74.
  • Lin, Y.S., P.X. Jiang, F.Z. Zhang and Y.H. Zhu. 2011. Experimental research of ground-source transcritical CO2 heat pump heating system. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 32(11):1829–32. . (in Chinese)
  • Liu, S.C., Y.T. Ma, and Q.J. Liu. 2008. Experiments of CO2 heat pump heater. Journal of Tianjin University 41(2):238–42.
  • Lorentzen, G. 1994. Revival of carbon-dioxide as a refrigerant. International Journal of Refrigeration 17(5):292–301.
  • Lorentzen, G., and J. Pettersen. 1993. A new, efficient and environmentally benign system for car air-conditioning. International Journal of Refrigeration 16(1):4–12.
  • Ma, Y.T., H. Tian, C.T. Liu, Q.X. Yuan, Z.Y. Zhang, H. Ling. 2012. Analysis on energy efficiency standards and thermodynamic perfectibility for products of refrigeration and heat pump. Beijing: China: Science Press.
  • Molina, M.J., and F.S. Rowland. 1974. Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom catalysed destruction of ozone. Nature 249(5460):810–2.
  • Morrisette, P.M. 1989. The evolution of policy responses to stratospheric ozone depletion. Natural Resources Journa, 29:793–820.
  • National Technical Committee 238 on Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Equipment of Standardization of China. 2013. The minimum allowable values of the energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for water-source heat pumps (Draft). . http://www.tc238.org/xs_temp.asp?classid=14&id=229.
  • Neksa, P., H. Rekstad, G.R. Zakeri, and P.A. Schiefloe. 1998. CO2-heat pump water heater: Characteristics, system design and experimental results. International Journal of Refrigeration 21:172–9.
  • Pettersen, J., P. Neksa, O.M. Nesje, P.A. Schiefloe, and H. Rekstad. 1995. Proceedings of recent advances in CO2 refrigeration, 19th International Congress of Refrigeration, Paris, France, 4B:961–8.
  • Pettersen, J., A. Hafner, and G. Skaugen. 1998. Development of compact heat exchangers for CO2 air-conditioning systems. International Journal of Refrigeration 21(3):180–93.
  • Preissner, M. 2001. Carbon dioxide vapor compression cycle improvements with focus on scroll expanders. . Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
  • Ramanathan, V. 1975. Greenhouse effect due to chlorofluorocarbons: Climatic implications. Science 190:50–2.
  • Rigola, J., G. Raush, C.D. Perez-Segarra, and A. Oliva. 2005. Numerical simulation and experimental validation of vapor compression refrigeration systems, Special emphasis on CO2 trans-critical cycles. International Journal of Refrigeration 28:1225–37.
  • Richter, M.R., C.W. Bullard, and P.S. Hrnjak. 2000. Comparison of R744 and R410A for residential heating and cooling applications. . ACRC CR-39. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. http://www.r744.com/papers/pdf/pdf_751.pdf.
  • R744.com. 2010. Eco Cute sales on the rise. . http://www.r744.com/articles/2010-06-02-eco-cute-sales-on-the-rise.php.
  • Sarkar, J. 2010. Review on cycle modifications of transcritical CO2 refrigeration and heat pump systems. Varanasi, India: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University. . http://www.hypersciences.org/JARME/Iss.1-2010/JARME-3-1-2010.pdf.
  • Shecco SPRL. 2012. Natural refrigerants: Solutions for Europe. Summary report of International Workshop, ATMOsphere Europe 2012. . http://conf.montreal-protocol.org/meeting/mop/mop-24/ngo-publications/NGO%20Publications/Shecco-ATMOsphere20-12_summary_report.pdf.
  • Stene, J. 2001. Integrated CO2 heat pump systems for space heating and hot water heating in low energy house and passive houses. IEA Heat Pump Programme, Annex 32, Workshop, Kyoto, Japan. . http://www.annex32.net/pdf/presentations/Annex32_workshop_Kyoto_Stene.pdf.
  • Stene, J. 2005. Residential CO2 heat pump system for combined space heating and hot water heating. International Journal of Refrigeration 28(8):1259–65.
  • Sun, Z.H., G.L. Wang, P.X. Jiang, and J.Q. Deng. 2008. Experimental study of CO2 transcritical heat pump water heater system. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning 8(2):75–8. . (in Chinese)
  • Thome, J.R., and G. Ribatski. 2005. State-of-the-art of two-phase flow and flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop of CO2 in macro- and micro-channels. International Journal of Refrigeration 28(8):1149–68.
  • Wang, K.H., Y.T. Ma, J.G. Wang, L.Q. Hou, D. Wei, and F.J. Hong. 2001. Experiment of a CO2 water to water heat pump system. Journal of HV&AC 31(3):1–4. . (in Chinese)
  • White, S.D., M.G. Yarrall, D.J. Cleland, and R.A. Hedley. 2002. Modeling the performance of a transcritical CO2 heat pump for high temperature heating. International Journal of Refrigeration 25(4):479–86.
  • Xie, Y.B., Y.F. Liu, J.C. Tang, and G.L Sun. 2009. Experimental study of gas cooler in trans-critical CO2 refrigeration system. Proceedings of the ASME 2009, International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Lake Buena Vista, FL, November 13–19, pp. 1061–6.
  • Xie, Y.B., G.L. Sun, Z.H. Zhao, and Y.F. Liu. 2009. Theoretical analysis and performance test on environment-friendly CO2 heat pump. Renewable Energy Resource 27(5):82–5. . (in Chinese)

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.