Assessment of Stature in Spinal Cord Injury

REFERENCES

• Kwok T, Whitelaw MN. The use of armspan in nutritional assessment of the elderly. J Amer Geriat Soc 1991;39:492-6.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell CO, Lipschitz DA. Arm length measurement as an alternative to height in nutritional assessment of the elderly. J Parenteral Enteral Nutrit 1982;6:226-9.
   Google Scholar
• Chumlea WC, Guo SS, Steinbaugh ML. Prediction of stature from knee height for black and white adults and children with application to mobility-impaired or handicapped persons. J Am Diet Assoc 1994;94:1385-88.
   Google Scholar
• Chumlea WC, Roche AF, Steinbaugh ML. Estimating stature from knee height for persons 60 to 90 years of age. J Am Geriatr Soc 1985;33:116-20.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson RK, Ferrara MS. Estimating stature from knee height for persons with cerebral palsy: an evaluation of estimation equations. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:1283-4.
   Google Scholar
• Chumlea WC, Roche AF, Mukherjee D. Nutritional assessment in the elderly through anthropometry. 2nd ed. Columbus, OH; Ross Laboratories, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Chumlea WC, Guo SS. Equations for predicting stature in white and black elderly individuals. J Gerontol 1992;47:197–203.
   Google Scholar
• Knudson RJ, Lebowitz MD, Holberg CJ, Burrows B. Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow-volume curve with growth and aging. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;127:725-34.
   Google Scholar
• Ferris BG, Staudt HW. Correlation of anthropometry and simple tests of pulmonary function. Arch Environ Health 1971;22:672-6.
   Google Scholar
• Miller A. Reference values for pulmonary function tests. In; Miller A, ed. Pulmonary function tests in clinical and occupational lung disease. Orlando: Grune & Stratton 1986:215-48.
   Google Scholar
• Haas A, Lowman EW, Bergofsky EH. Impairment of respiration after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1965;46:399–405.
   Google Scholar
• McKinley AC, Auchincloss JH Jr, Gilbert R, Nicholas JJ. Pulmonary function, ventilatory control, and respiratory complications in quadriplegic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1969;100:526-32.
   Google Scholar
• Ohry A, Molho M, Rozin R. Alterations of pulmonary function in spinal cord injured patients. Paraplegia 1975;13:101-8.
   Google Scholar
• McMichan JC, Michel L, Westbrook PR. Pulmonary dysfunction following traumatic quadriplegia. JAMA 1980;243:528-31.
   Google Scholar
• Ledsome JR, Sharp JM. Pulmonary function in acute cervical cord injury. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;124:41-4.
   Google Scholar
• Fugl-Meyer AR, Grimby G. Ventilatory function in tetraplegic patients. Scand J Rehab Med 1971;3:151-60.
   Google Scholar
• Fugl-Meyer AR. Effects of respiratory muscle paralysis in tetraplegic and paraplegic patients. Scand J Rehab Med 1971;3:141-50.
   Google Scholar
• Haas F, Axen K, Pineda H, Gandino D, Haas A. Temporal pulmonary function changes in cervical cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985;66:139-44.
   Google Scholar
• Loveridge B, Dubo HI. Breathing pattern in chronic quadriplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990;71:495-9.
   Google Scholar
• Chen CF, Lien IN, Wu MC. Respiratory function in patients with spinal cord injuries: effects of posture. Paraplegia 1990;28:81-6.
   Google Scholar
• De Troyer A, Heilporn A. Respiratory mechanics in quadriplegia. The respiratory function of the intercostal muscles. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980;122:591-600.
   Google Scholar
• Estenne M, De Troyer A. The effects of tetraplegia on chest wall statics. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;134:121-4.
   Google Scholar
• Maloney FP. Pulmonary function in quadriplegia: effects of a corset. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979;60:261-5.
   Google Scholar
• Estenne M, Knoop C, Vanvaerenbergh J, Heilporn A, De Troyer A. The effect of pectoralis muscle training in tetraplegie subjects. Ann Rev Respir Dis 1989;139:1218-22.
   Google Scholar
• Kokkola K, Moller K, Lehtonen T. Pulmonary function in tetraplegie and paraplegic patients. Ann Clin Res 1975;7:76-9.
   Google Scholar
• Borkan GA, Hults DE, Glynn RJ. Role of longitudinal change and secular trend in age differences in male body dimensions. Human Biol 1983;55:629-41.
   Google Scholar
• Hepper NG, Black LF, Fowler WS. Relationship of lung volume to height and arm span in normal subjects and in patients with spinal deformity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1965;91:356-62.
   Google Scholar
• Ashba J, Garshick E, Tun CG, et al. Spirometry — Acceptability and reproducibility in spinal cord injured subjects. J Amer Paraplegia Soc 1993;16:197-203.
   Google Scholar
• Ditunno JF, Young W, Donovan WH, Creasey G. The international standards booklet for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1994;32:70-80.
   Google Scholar
• SAS Version 6.04. Cary, NC; SAS Institute, Inc., 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Elias AN, Gwinup G. Immobilization osteoporosis in paraplegia. J Amer Paraplegia Soc 1992;15:163-70.
   Google Scholar
• Saltzstein RJ, Hardin S, Hastings J. Osteoporosis in spinal cord injury: using an index of mobility and its relationship to bone density. J Amer Paraplegia Soc 1992;15:232-4.
   Google Scholar
• Biering-Sorensen F, Bohr H, Schaadt O. Bone mineral content of the lumbar spine and lower extremities years after spinal cord lesion. Paraplegia 1988;26:293-301.
   Google Scholar
• Leslie WD, Nance PW. Dissociated hip and spine deminerali- zation: a specific finding in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993;74:960-4.
   Google Scholar
• Naftchi NE, Viau AT, Sell GH, Lowman EW. Mineral metabolism in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1980;61:139–42.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart AF, Adler M, Byers CM, Segre GV, Broadus AE. Calcium homeostasis in immobilization: an example of resorp- tive hypercalcuria. N Eng J Med 1982;306:1136-40.
   Google Scholar
• Claus-Walker J, Spencer WA, Carter RE, Halstead LS, Meier RH 3d, Campos RJ. Bone metabolism in quadriplegia: dissociation between calcuria and hydroxyprolinuria. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1975;56:327-32.
   Google Scholar
• Ragnarsson KT, Sell H. Lower extremity fractures after spinal cord injury: a retrospective study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1981;62:418-23.
   Google Scholar
• Freehafer AA, Hazel CM, Becker CL. Lower extremity fractures in patients with spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1981;19:367-72.
   Google Scholar
• Ingram RR, Suman S, Freeman PA. Lower limb fractures in the chronic spinal cord injured patient. Paraplegia 1989;27:133-9.
   Google Scholar
• Comarr AE, Hutchinson RH, Bors E. Extremity fractures of patients with spinal cord injuries. Am J Surg 1962;103:732-9.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson LA, Wright BT. Comparison of stated and measured patient heights and weights. Am J Hosp Pharm 1982;39:822-5.
   Google Scholar
• Giles E, Hutchinson DL. Stature- and age-related bias in self-reported stature. J Forensic Sei 1991;3:765-80.
   Google Scholar