The Surcical Management of Thoracolumbar Injuries

References

• Alanay A, Acaroglu E, Yazici M, et al. Thoracolumbar spine fractures. Spine. 2001 ;26:840–841.
   Google Scholar
• Ball ST, Vaccaro AR, Albert TJ, et al. lnjuries of the thoracolumbar spine associated with restraint use in head-on motor vehicle accidents.J Spinal Disord. 2000;13:297–304.
   Google Scholar
• Boriani S, Palmisani M, Donati U, et al. The treatment of thoracic and lumbar spine fractures: a study of 123 cases treated surgically in 101 patients. Chir Organi Mov. 2000;85:137–149.
   Google Scholar
• Criscitiello AA, Fredrickson BE. Thoracolumbar spine injuries. Orthopedics. 1997;20:939–944.
   Google Scholar
• Gaines RW, Humphreys WG. A plea for judgment in management of thoracolumbar fractures and fracture-dislocations. A reassessment of surgical indications. Clin Orthop. 1984 Oct;(189):36–42.
   Google Scholar
• Hanley EN Jr, Eskay ML. Thoraeie spine fractures. Orthopedics. 1989;12:689–696.
   Google Scholar
• Kaye JJ, Nance EP Jr. Thoraeie and lumbar spine trauma. Radiol Clin North Am. 1990;28:361–377.
   Google Scholar
• Levine AM, McAfee PC, Anderson PA. Evaluation and emergent treatment of patients with thoracolumbar trauma. Instr Course Lect. 1995;44:33–45.
   Google Scholar
• McAfee PC, Levine AM, Anderson PA. Surgical management of thoracolumbar fractures. Instr Course Lect. 1995;44:47–55.
   Google Scholar
• Mariotti AJ, Diwan AD. Current concepts in anterior surgery for thoracolumbar trauma. Orthop Clin North Am. 2002;33:403–412.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu JM, Joseph T, Ellis AM. Thoracolumbar fracture in blunt trauma patients: guidelines for diagnosis and imaging. lnjury. 2003;34: 426–433.
   Google Scholar
• Rechtine GR. Nonsurgical treatment of thoracic and lumbar fractures. lnstr Course Lect. 1999;48:413–416.
   Google Scholar
• Shen WJ, Liu TJ, Shen YS. Nonoperativetreatment versus posterior fixation for thoracolumbar junction burst fractures without neurologic deficit. Spine. 2001 ;26:1038–1045.
   Google Scholar
• Shen WJ, Shen YS. Nonsurgical treatment of three-column thoracolumbar junction burst fractures without neurologic deficit. Spine. 1999;24:412–415.
   Google Scholar
• Shaffrey Cl, Shaffrey ME, Whitehill R, et al. Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1997;8:519–540.
   Google Scholar
• Knop C, Bastian L, Lange U, et al. Complications in surgical treatment of thoracolumbar injuries. Eur Spine J. 2002;11 :214–226.
   Google Scholar
• Hitchan PW, Torner JC. Haddad SF, et al. Managementoptions in thoracolumbar burst fractures. Surg Neurol. 1998;49:619–626; discussion 26–27.
   Google Scholar
• Vanichkachorn JS, Vaccaro AR. Nonoperative treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. Orthopedics. 1997;20:948–953; quiz 54–55.
   Google Scholar
• Wood K, Butterman G, Mehbod A, et al. Operative compared with nonoperative treatment of a thoracolumbar burst fracture without neurological deficit. A prospective, randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85A:773–781.
   Google Scholar
• Stanislas MJ, Latham JM, Porter KM, et al. A high risk group for thoracolumbar fractures. lnjury. 1998;29:1 5–l8.
   Google Scholar
• Vollmer DG, Gegg C. Classification and acute management of thoracolumbar fractures. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1997;8:499–507.
   Google Scholar
• Holmes JF, Miller PQ, Panacek EA, et al. Epidemiology of thoracolumbar spine injury in blunt trauma. Acad Ernerg Med. 2001; 8:866–872.
   Google Scholar
• Flanders AE. Thoracolumbar trauma imaging overview. lnstr Course Lect.1999;48:429–431.
   Google Scholar
• lsomi T, Panjabi MM, Kato Y, et al. Radiographie parameters for evaluating the neurological spaces in experimental thoracolumbar burst fractures. J Spinal Disord. 2000;13:404–411.
   Google Scholar
• Kerttula LI, Serlo WS, Tervonen OA, et al. Post-traumatic findings of the spine after earlier vertebral fracture in young patients: clinical and MRI study. Spine. 2000;25:1104–1108.
   Google Scholar
• Lee HM, Kim HS, Kim DJ, et al. Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting posterior Iigament complex injury in thoracolumbar spinal fractures. Spine. 2000;25:2079–2084.
   Google Scholar
• Oner FC, van Gils AP, Dhert WJ, et al. MRI findings of thoracolumbar spine fractures: a categorisation based on MRI examinations of 100 fractures. Skeletal Radiol. 1 999;28:433- 443.
   Google Scholar
• Oner FC, vd Rijt RH, Ramos LM, et al. Correlation of MR images of disc injuries with anatomic sections in experimental thoracolumbar spine fractures. Eur Spine J. 1999;8:194–198.
   Google Scholar
• Hauser CJ, Visvikis G, Hinrichs C. et al. Prospective validation of computed tomographic screening of the thoracolumbar spine in trauma. J Trauma. 2003;55:228–234; discussion 34–35.
   Google Scholar
• Moon SH, Park MS, Suk KS, et al. Feasibility of ultrasound examination in posterior Iigament complex injury of thoracolumbar spine fracture. Spine. 2002;27:2154–2158.
   Google Scholar
• Oner FC, van Gils AP, Faber JA, et al. Same complications of common treatment schemes of thoracolumbar spine fractures can be predicted with magnetic resonance imaging: prospective study of 53 patients with 71 fractures. Spine. 2002;27:629–636.
   Google Scholar
• Denis F. The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine. 1983; 8:817–831.
   Google Scholar
• Denis F. Spinal instability as defined by the three-column spine concept in acute spinal trauma. Clin Orthop. 1984;1 89:65–76.
   Google Scholar
• Barneschi G, D’Andrea M, Pratelli R, et al. Neurologieevaluation in thoracolumbar vertebral fractures. Chir Organi Mov. 2000;85: 101–119.
   Google Scholar
• Boerger TO, Limb D, Dicksan RA. Does “canal clearance” affect neurological outcome after thoracolumbar burst fractures? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82:629–635.
   Google Scholar
• Crossman PT, Scott JM. Does “canal clearance” affect neurological outcome after thoracolumbar burst fractures? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001 ;83:151–152.
   Google Scholar
• Jaffray DC. Does “canal clearance” affect neurological outcome after thoracolumbar burst fractures? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82: 1205.
   Google Scholar
• Korovessis P. The significance of thoracolumbar spinal canal size in spinal cord injury patients. Spine. 2001 ;26:2059–2060.
   Google Scholar
• Sledge J, Allred CD. Does “canal clearance” affect neurological outcome after thoracolumbar burst fractures? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001 ;83:620–621.
   Google Scholar
• Vaccaro A, Daugherty R, Sheehan T. Neurologie outcome of early versus late surgery for cervical spinal cord injury. Spine. 1997;22: 2609–2613.
   Google Scholar
• Ruan DK, Shen GB, Chui HX. Shen instrumentation for the management of unstable thoracolumbar fractures. Spine. 1998; 23:1324–1332.
   Google Scholar
• Aligizakis AC, Katonis PG, Sapkas G, et al. Gertzbein and Ioad sharing classifications for unstable thoracolumbar fractures. Clin Orthop. 2003 Jun;(411):77–85.
   Google Scholar
• Leferink VJ, Nijboer JM, Zimmerman KW, et al. Burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine: changes of the spinal canal du ring operative treatment and follow-up. Eur Spine J. 2003;12:255–260.
   Google Scholar
• Alanay A, Acaroglu E, Yazici M, et al. Short-segment pedicle instrumentation of thoracolumbar burst fractures: does transpedicular intracorporeal grafting prevent early failure? Spine. 2001 ;26:213–217.
   Google Scholar
• Langrana NA, Harten RR, Lin DC, et al. Acute thoracolumbar burst fractures: a new view of loading mechanisms. Spine. 2002;27: 498–508.
   Google Scholar
• Seybold EA, Sweeney CA, Fredrickson BE, et al. Functional outcome of low lumbar burst fractures. A multicenter review of operative and nonoperative treatment of L3–L5. Spine. 1999;24:2154–2161.
   Google Scholar
• Parker JW, Lane JR, Karaikovic EE, et al. Successful short-segment instrumentation and fusion for thoracolumbar spine fractures: a consecutive 4 1/2-year series. Spine. 2000;25:1157–1170.
   Google Scholar
• Vaccaro AR. Combined anterior and posterior surgery for fractures of the thoracolumbar spine.lnstrCourse Lect. 1999;48:443–449.
   Google Scholar
• Dvorak MF, Kwon BK, Fisher CG, et al. Effectiveness of titanium mesh cylindrical cages in anterior column reconstruction after thoracic and lumbar vertebral body resection. Spine. 2003;28: 902–908.
   Google Scholar
• Singh K, DeWald CJ, Hammerberg KW, et al. Long structural allografts in the treatment of anterior spinal column defects. Clin Orthop. 2002 Jan;(394):121–129.
   Google Scholar
• Rechtine GR 2nd, Cahill D, Chrin AM. Treatment of thoracolumbar trauma: comparison of complications of operative versus nonoperative treatment. J Spinal Disord. 1999;12:406–409.
   Google Scholar
• Hoshikawa T, Tanaka Y, Kokubun S, et al. Flexion-distraction injuries in the thoracolumbar spine: an in vitro study of the relation between flexion angle and the motion axis of fracture. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2002;15:139–143.
   Google Scholar
• Annicchiarico N. Internal A-0 fixator for the reduction and stabilization of thoracolumbar fractures. Chir Organi Mov. 2000; 85:167–175.
   Google Scholar
• Glaser JA, Estes WJ. Distalshort segment fixation of thoracolumbar and lumbar injuries. lowa Orthop J. 1998;18:87–90.
   Google Scholar
• Katonis PG, Kontakis GM, Loupasis GA, et al. Treatment of unstable thoracolumbar and lumbar spine injuries using Cotrei-Dubousset instrumentation. Spine. 1999;24:2352–2357.
   Google Scholar
• Knop C, Fabian HF, Bastian L, et al. Late results of thoracolumbar fractures after posterior instrumentation and transpedicular bone grafting. Spine. 2001 ;26:88–99.
   Google Scholar
• Ramieri A, Villani C, Nocente M, et al. Vertebral instability in non-neurologic thoracolumbar fractures: the predictive vaiue of methods of measurement. Chir Organi Mov. 2000;85:121–127.
   Google Scholar