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Case report

Keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia in the kidney of a patient with complex spinal cord injury

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References

  • Hertle L, Androulakakis P. Keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia of the upper urinary tract: leukoplakia—cholesteatoma. J Urol 1982;127(4):631–5.
  • Beyer-Boon ME, Cuypers LH, De Voogt HJ, Brussee JA. Cytological changes due to urinary calculi. A consideration of the relationship between calculi and the development of urothelial carcinoma. Br J Urol 1978;50(2):81–9.
  • Reece RW, Koontz WW Jr. Leukoplakia of the urinary tract: a review. J Urol 1975;114(2):165–71.
  • Clouston D, Lawrentschuk N. Metaplastic conditions of the bladder. BJU Int 2013;112(Suppl 2):27–31. doi: 10.1111/bju.12378
  • Borofsky M, Shah RB, Stuart-Wolf JS Jr. Nephron-sparing diagnosis and management of renal keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia. J Endourol 2009;23(1):51–5. doi: 10.1089/end.2008.0501

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