References
- Sezer N, Akkuş S, Uğurlu FG. Chronic complications of spinal cord injury. World J Orthop 2015;6(1):24–33. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v6.i1.24
- Teasell RW, Arnold JM, Krassioukov A, Delaney GA. Cardiovascular consequences of loss of supraspinal control of the sympathetic nervous system after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81(4):506–16. doi: 10.1053/mr.2000.3848
- Squair JW, White BA, Bravo GI, Martin Ginis KA, Krassioukov AV. The economic burden of autonomic dysreflexia during hospitalization for individuals with spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2016;33(15):1422–7. doi: 10.1089/neu.2015.4370
- Schurch B, Stohrer M, Kramer G, Schmid DM, Gaul G, Hauri D. Botulinum-A toxin for treating detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injured patients: a new alternative to anticholinergic drugs? Preliminary results. J Urol 2000;164(3):692–7. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67283-7
- Dykstra DD, Sidi AA, Scott AB, Pagel JM, Goldish GD. Effects of botulinum A toxin on detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injury patients. J Urol 1988;139(5):919–22. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)42717-0
- Lockwood G, Durkee C, Groth T. Intravesical botulinum toxin for persistent autonomic dysreflexia in a pediatric patient. Case Rep Urol 2016;2016:4569684.
- De Groat WC, Booth AM, Yoshimura N. Neurophysiology of micturition and its modification in animal models of human disease. In: The Autonomic Nervous System, edited by Maggi CA. London: Harwood Academic; 1993. p. 227–90.
- Samson G, Cardenas DD. Neurogenic bladder in spinal cord injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2007;18(2):255–74. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2007.03.005
- Giannantoni A, Di Stasi SM, Scivoletto G, Mollo A, Silecchia A, Fuoco U, et al. Autonomic dysreflexia during urodynamics. Spinal Cord 1998;36(11):756–60. doi: 10.1038/sj.sc.3100684
- de Groat WC, Yoshimura N. Changes in afferent activity after spinal cord injury. Neurourol Urodyn 2010;29(1):63–76. doi: 10.1002/nau.20761
- Elkelini MS, Bagli DJ, Fehlings M, Hassouna M. Effects of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA on bladder dysfunction and autonomic dysreflexia after spinal cord injury: role of nerve growth factor. BJU Int 2012;109(3):402–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.010362.x
- Khera M, Somogyi GT, Kiss S, Boone TB, Smith CP. Botulinum toxin A inhibits ATP release from bladder urothelium after chronic spinal cord injury. Neurochem Int 2004;45(7):987–93. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2004.06.001
- Compérat E, Reitz A, Delcourt A, Capron F, Denys P, Chartier-Kastler E. Histologic features in the urinary bladder wall affected from neurogenic overactivity—a comparison of inflammation, oedema and fibrosis with and without injection of botulinum toxin type A. Eur Urol 2006;50(5):1058–64. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.01.025
- Toppercer A, Tetreault JP. Compliance of the bladder: an attempt to establish normal values. Urology 1979;14(2):204–5. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(79)90164-X
- Klaphajone J, Kitisomprayoonkul W, Sriplakit S. Botulinum toxin type A injections for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity combined with low-compliance bladder in patients with spinal cord lesions. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86(11):2114–8. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.06.008
- Sacco E, Bientinesi R. Mirabegron: a review of recent data and its prospects in the management of overactive bladder. Ther Adv Urol 2012;4(6):315–24. doi: 10.1177/1756287212457114
- Krassioukov A, Warburton DE, Teasell R, Eng JJ; Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Evidence Research Team. A systematic review of the management of autonomic dysreflexia after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90(4):682–95. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.017