Complete thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation with intact neurologic function: Explanation of a novel cord saving mechanism

References

• Bohlman HH. Treatment of fractures and dislocations of the thoracic and lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1985;67(1):165–9. doi: 10.2106/00004623-198567010-00024
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eskenazi MS, Bendo JA, Spivak JM. Thoracolumbar spine trauma: evaluation and management. Curr Opin Orthop 2000;11(3):176–85. doi: 10.1097/00001433-200006000-00004
   Google Scholar
• Holdsworth F. Review article fractures, dislocations, and fracture-dislocations of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1970;52(8):1534–51. doi: 10.2106/00004623-197052080-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel A, Brown Z, Whang PG, Vaccaro AR. Thoracolumbar spine trauma. Oper Tech Orthop 2007;17(3):190–8. doi: 10.1053/j.oto.2007.03.002
   Google Scholar
• Vaccaro AR, Zeiller SC, Hulbert RJ, Anderson PA, Harris M, Hedlund R, et al. The thoracolumbar injury severity score: a proposed treatment algorithm. Clin Spine Surg 2005;18(3):209–15.
   Google Scholar
• Abdel-Fattah H, Rizk AH. Complete fracture-dislocation of the lower lumbar spine with spontaneous neurologic decompression. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990;(251):140–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akay KM, Baysefer A, Kayali H, Beduka A, Timurkaynak E. Fracture and lateral dislocation of the T12-L1 vertebrae without neurological deficit. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2003;43(5):267–70. doi: 10.2176/nmc.43.267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellew MP, Bartholomew BJ. Dramatic neurological recovery with delayed correction of traumatic lumbar spondyloptosis: case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg Spine 2007;6(6):606–10. doi: 10.3171/spi.2007.6.6.16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen WC. Complete fracture-dislocation of the lumbar spine without paraplegia. Int Orthop 1999;23(6):355–7. doi: 10.1007/s002640050392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Lucas JC, Alvarez L, Abril JC, Calvo E. Fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine without neurological lesion. Injury 1994;25(2):105–7. doi: 10.1016/0020-1383(94)90112-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Masri WS, Silver JR. Traumatic spondyloptosis of the dorsal spine with incomplete neurological deficit. Injury 1983;15(1):35–7. doi: 10.1016/0020-1383(83)90159-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertzbein SD, Offierski C. Complete fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine without spinal cord injury. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1979;61(3):449–51. doi: 10.2106/00004623-197961030-00029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttmann LS. Spinal cord injuries: comprehensive management and research. 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Harryman DT. Complete fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine associated with spontaneous neurologic decompression: a case report. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1986;207:64–9.
   Google Scholar
• Korovessis P, Sidiropoulos P, Dimas A. Complete fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine without neurologic deficit: case report. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 1994;36(1):122–4. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199401000-00022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liljenqvist U, Halm H, Castro WH, Mommsen U. Thoracic fracture-dislocations without spinal cord injury: a case report and literature review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 1995;4(4):252–6.
   Google Scholar
• London PS. Fracture-dislocations of the spine that may spare the cord: an explanation. Injury 1993;24(5):347–9. doi: 10.1016/0020-1383(93)90064-D
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyasaka Y, Satomi K, Sugihara S, Tahara Y, Hayashi T, Ishii Y. Posterior fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine without neurologic deficit: a case report and short literature review. Spine 1993;18(15):2351–4. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199311000-00039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phadnis AS, Tan CJ, Raman AS, Crawford RJ, Rai AS. Fracture and complete dislocation of the spine with a normal motor neurology. Injury Extra 2006;37(12):479–83. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2006.06.112
   Google Scholar
• Shaffrey CI, Shaffrey ME, Whitehill R, Nockels RP. Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1997;8(4):519–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson AH, Williamson DM, Golding SJ, Houghton GR. Thoracic spine translocation without cord injury. Bone Joint J 1990;72(1):80–3. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.72B1.2298800
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith IJ, Love TW. Lower lumbar hyperextension fracture without paraplegia. Clin Spine Surg 2003;16(3):295–8.
   Google Scholar
• Sugiura K, Sakai T, Adachi K, Inoue K, Endo S, Tamaki Y, Sairyo K, Nagamachi A. Complete fracture-dislocation of the thoracolumbar spine with no critical neurological deficit: a case report. J Med Invest 2016;63(1.2):122–6. doi: 10.2152/jmi.63.122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suomalainen O, Pääkkönen M. Fracture dislocation of the lumbar spine without paraplegia: a case report. Acta Orthop Scand 1984;55(4):466–8. doi: 10.3109/17453678408992396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uriarte E, Elguezabal B, Tovio RA. Fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine without neurologic lesion. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1987;(217):261–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang F, Zhu Y. Treatment of complete fracture-dislocation of thoracolumbar spine. Clin Spine Surg 2013;26(8):421–6.
   Google Scholar
• Weber SC, Sutherland GH. An unusual rotational fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine without neurologic sequelae internally fixed with a combined anterior and posterior approach. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 1986;26(5):474–9. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198605000-00012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazici M, Alanay A, Aksoy MC, Acaroglu E, Surat A. Traumatic L1–L2 dislocation without fracture in a 6-year-old girl: incomplete neurologic deficit and total recovery. Spine 1999;24(14):1483. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199907150-00015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh CT, Chen GJ, Wu CC, Su YH. Complete fracture-dislocation of the thoracolumbar spine without paraplegia. Am J Emerg Med 2008;26(5):633–e5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.09.023
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Magerl F, Aebi M, Gertzbein SD, Harms J, Nazarian S. A comprehensive classification of thoracic and lumbar injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 1994;3(4):184–201.
   Google Scholar
• Rahimizadeh A, Rahimizadeh A. Management of traumatic double-level spondyloptosis of the thoracic spine with posterior spondylectomy: case report. J Neurosurg Spine 2015;23(6):715–20. doi: 10.3171/2015.3.SPINE14183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gering D. 3DSlicer, a free open source software application for medical image computing. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Fedorov A, Beichel R, Kalpathy-Cramer J, Finet J, Fillion-Robin JC, Pujol S, et al. 3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network. Magn Reson Imaging 2012;30(9):1323–41. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasson A, Mozes G. Complete fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine without neurologic deficit: a case report. Spine 1987;12(1):67–70. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198701000-00013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denis F. The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine 1983;8(8):817–31. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198311000-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roaf R. A study of the mechanics of spinal injuries. Bone Joint J 1960;42(4):810–23. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.42B4.810
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaccaro AR, Kim DH, Brodke DS, Harris M, Chapman J, Schildhauer T, et al. Diagnosis and management of thoracolumbar spine fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85(12):2456–70. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200312000-00029
   Google Scholar
• An Anderson S, Biros MH, Reardon RF. Delayed Diagnosis of Thoracolumbar Fractures in Multiple-trauma Patients. Acad Emerg Med 1996;3(9):832–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03527.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson MR, Dall BE. Fracture-dislocation of the thoracic and lumbar spine: advantages of halo-bifemoral traction. Clin Spine Surg 1993;6(6):482–8.
   Google Scholar