References
- Garstang SV, Miller-Smith SA. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction after spinal cord injury. Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America. 2007;18(2):275–96. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2007.02.003
- Kursh ED, Freehafer A, Persky L. Complications of autonomic dysreflexia. The Journal of urology. 1977;118(1 Pt 1):70–2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)57892-1
- Linsenmeyer TA, Baker ER, Cardenas DD, Mobley T, Perkash I, Vogel LC, et al. Acute management of autonomic dysreflexia: Individuals with spinal cord injury presenting to health-care facilities. Consortium for spinal cord medicine clinical practice guidelines. 2nd ed. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Spinal Cord Medicine 2001: Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine.
- Solinsky R, Svircev JN, James JJ, Burns SP, Bunnell AE. A retrospective review of safety using a nursing driven protocol for autonomic dysreflexia in patients with spinal cord injuries. The journal of spinal cord medicine. 2016;39(6):713–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2015.1118186
- Baraka A. Epidural meperidine for control of autonomic hyperreflexia in a paraplegic parturient. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. 1985;62(5):688–9.
- Liu N, Fougere R, Zhou MW, Nigro MK, Krassioukov AV. Autonomic dysreflexia severity during urodynamics and cystoscopy in individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal cord. 2013;51(11):863–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2013.113
- Krause JS, Coker JL. Aging after spinal cord injury: a 30-year longitudinal study. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 2006;29(4):371. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2006.11753885
- Reitz A, Knapp PA, Müntener M, Schurch B. Oral nitric oxide donors: a new pharmacological approach to detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injured patients?. European urology. 2004;45(4):516–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2003.11.006
- Reitz A, Bretscher S, Knapp PA, Müntener M, Wefer B, Schurch B. The effect of nitric oxide on the resting tone and the contractile behaviour of the external urethral sphincter: a functional urodynamic study in healthy humans. European urology. 2004;45(3):367–73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2003.10.002
- Krassioukov A, Warburton DE, Teasell R, Eng JJ, Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Evidence Research Team. A systematic review of the management of autonomic dysreflexia after spinal cord injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2009;90(4):682–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.017
- Kewalramani LS. Autonomic dysreflexia in traumatic myelopathy. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 1980;59(1):1–21.
- Huang YH, Bih LI, Chen GD, Lin CC, Chen SL, Chen WW. Autonomic dysreflexia during urodynamic examinations in patients with suprasacral spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2011;92(9):1450–4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.03.024
- Karlsson AK. Autonomic dysreflexia. Spinal cord. 1999;37(6). doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3100867
- Stroman PW, Tomanek B, Krause V, Frankenstein UN, Malisza KL. Mapping of neuronal function in the healthy and injured human spinal cord with spinal fMRI. Neuroimage. 2002;17(4):1854–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1305
- Conte A, Giannantoni A, Proietti S, Giovannozzi S, Fabbrini G, Rossi A, Porena M, Berardelli A. Botulinum toxin A modulates afferent fibers in neurogenic detrusor overactivity. European Journal of Neurology. 2012;19(5):725–32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03618.x
- Little JW, Harris RM, Smithson D. Motor recovery in the absence of segmental afferents: a case study of incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1989;27(5):385–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.1989.60
- Arvidsson U, Riedl M, Chakrabarti S, Lee JH, Nakano AH, Dado RJ, Loh HH, Law PY, Wessendorf MW, Elde R. Distribution and targeting of a mu-opioid receptor (MOR1) in brain and spinal cord. The Journal of neuroscience. 1995;15(5):3328–41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03328.1995
- Schurch B, Schmid DM, Karsenty G, Reitz A. Can neurologic examination predict type of detrusor sphincter-dyssynergia in patients with spinal cord injury?. Urology. 2005;65(2):243–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2004.09.024
- Lee JS, Fang SY, Roan JN, Jou IM, Lam CF. Spinal cord injury enhances arterial expression and reactivity of α1-adrenergic receptors—mechanistic investigation into autonomic dysreflexia. The Spine Journal. 2016;16(1):65–71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2015.09.030
- Beuret-Blanquart F, Weber J, Gouverneur JP, Demangeon S, Denis, P. Colonic transit time and anorectal manometric anomalies in 19 patients with complete transection of the spinal cord. Journal of the autonomic nervous system. 1990;30(3):199–207. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1838(90)90251-D
- Elkayam U, Aronow WS. Glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) ointment and isosorbide dinitrate: a review of their pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. Drugs. 1982;23(3):165–94. doi: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-198223030-00001
- Guttmann L, Whitteridge D. Effects of bladder distension on autonomic mechanisms after spinal cord injuries. Brain. 1947;70(4):361–404. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/70.4.361
- de Groat WC. Mechanisms underlying the recovery of lower urinary tract function following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1995;33(9):493–505. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.1995.109
- Yokoyama O, Ishiura Y, Nakamura Y, Kunimi K, Mita E, Namiki M. Urodynamic effects of intravesical instillation of lidocaine in patients with overactive detrusor. The Journal of urology. 1997;157(5):1826–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64870-5
- Krassioukov A, Biering-Sørensen F, Donovan W, Kennelly M, Kirshblum S, Krogh K, Alexander MS, Vogel L, Wecht J. International standards to document remaining autonomic function after spinal cord injury. JSCM. 2013; 35(4): 202–11.