Diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of depression screening in spinal cord injury: A systematic review

References

• Williams R, Murray A. Prevalence of depression after spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(1):133–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malec J, Neimeyer R. Psychologic prediction of duration of inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation and performance of self-care. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1983;64(8):359–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umlauf RL, Frank RG. A cluster-analytic description of patient subgroups in the rehabilitation setting. Rehabil Psychol. 1983;28(3):157–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuhrer MJ, Rintala DH, Hart KA, Clearman R, Young ME. Depressive symptomatology in persons with spinal cord injury who reside in the community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74(3):255–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tate D, Forchheimer M, Maynard F, Dijkers M. Predicting depression and psychological distress in persons with spinal cord injury based on indicators of handicap. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;73(3):175–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrick SM, Elliott TR, Crow F. Social support and the prediction of health complications among persons with spinal cord injuries. Rehabil Psychol. 1994;39(4):231–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fann JR, Bombardier CH, Richards JS, Tate DG, Wilson CS, Temkin N, et al. Depression after spinal cord injury: comorbidities, mental health service use, and adequacy of treatment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(3):352–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fann JR, Bombardier CH, Richards JS, Wilson CS, Heinemann AW, Warren AM, et al. Venlafaxine extended-release for depression following spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(3):247–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorstyn D, Mathias J, Denson L. Efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy for the management of psychological outcomes following spinal cord injury a meta-analysis. J Health Psychol. 2011;16(2):374–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks AL, Martin KA, Ditor DS, Latimer AE, Craven C, Bugaresti J, et al. Long-term exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury: effects on strength, arm ergometry performance and psychological well-being. Spinal Cord. 2003;41(1):34–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank RG, Elliott TR, Corcoran JR, Wonderlich SA. Depression after spinal cord injury: Is it necessary? Clin Psychol Rev. 1987;7(6):611–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakakibara BM, Miller WC, Orenczuk SG, Wolfe DL, Team SR. A systematic review of depression and anxiety measures used with individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(12):841–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clay DL, Hagglund KJ, Frank RG, Elliott TR, Chaney JM. Enhancing the accuracy of depression diagnosis in patients with spinal cord injury using Bayesian analysis. Rehabil Psychol. 1995;40(3):171–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank RG, Chaney JM, Clay CL, Shutty MS, Beck NC, Kay DR, et al. Dysphoria: A major symptom factor in persons with disability or chronic illness. Psychiatry Res. 1992;43(3):231–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook KF, Kallen MA, Bombardier C, Bamer AM, Choi SW, Kim J, et al. Do measures of depressive symptoms function differently in people with spinal cord injury versus primary care patients: the CES-D, PHQ-9, and PROMIS-D. Qual Life Res. 2017;26(1):139–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke K. The interface between physical and psychological symptoms. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;5(suppl 7):11–8.
   Google Scholar
• Smart A. A multi-dimensional model of clinical utility. Int J Qual Health Care. 2006;18(5):377–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalpakjian CZ, Bombardier CH, Schomer K, Brown PA, Johnson KL. Measuring depression in persons with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. J Spinal Cord Med. 2009;32(1):6–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams Jr JW, Pignone M, Ramirez G, Stellato CP. Identifying depression in primary care: a literature synthesis of case-finding instruments. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2002;24(4):225–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke K. Enhancing the clinical utility of depression screening. CMAJ. 2012;184(3):281–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covidence systematic review software. Innovation VH. Melbourne, Australia. Available from http://www.covidence.org.
   Google Scholar
• Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4(1):1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(8):529–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davenport C, Leeflang M, Takwoingi Y, Deeks J. Use of QUADAS-2. Lesson 6.3: cochrane collaboration DTA online learning materials [Internet] The Cochrane Collaboration. 2014. Available from https://training.cochrane.org/uploads/resources/embedded_resources/DTA_modules/6.3_Use_of_QUADAS-2/story_html5.html.
   Google Scholar
• Radnitz CL, McGrath RE, Tirch DD, Willard J, Perez-Strumolo L, Festa J, et al. Use of the Beck Depression Inventory in veterans with spinal cord injury. Rehabil Psychol. 1997;42(2):93–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck Depression Inventory-II [Internet] Pearson Clinical. 2019. Available from https://www.pearsonclinical.com/psychology/products/100000159/beck-depression-inventoryii-bdi-ii.html#tab-details.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell MC, Burns NR, Dorstyn DS. Screening for depression and anxiety in spinal cord injury with DASS-21. Spinal Cord. 2008;46(8):547–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tate DG, Forchheimer M, Maynard F, Davidoff G, Dijkers M. Comparing two measures of depression in spinal cord injury. Rehabil Psychol. 1993;38(1):53–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brief Symptom Inventory [Internet] Pearson Clinical. 2019. Available from https://www.pearsonclinical.com/psychology/products/100000450/brief-symptom-inventory-bsi.html.
   Google Scholar
• Kuptniratsaikul V, Chulakadabba S, Ratanavijitrasil S. An instrument for assessment of depression among spinal cord injury patients: comparison between the CES-D and TDI. J Med Assoc Thai. 2002;85(9):978–83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bombardier CH, Kalpakjian CZ, Graves DE, Dyer JR, Tate DG, Fann JR. Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in assessing major depressive disorder during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(10):1838–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferington FE. Personal control and coping effectiveness in spinal cord injured persons. Res Nurs Health. 1986;9(3):257–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beedie A, Kennedy P. Quality of social support predicts hopelessness and depression post spinal cord injury. J Clin Psychol Med S. 2002;9(3):227–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy P, Rogers BA. Anxiety and depression after spinal cord injury: a longitudinal analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2000;81(7):932–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McColl MA, Skinner HA. Measuring psychological outcomes following rehabilitation. Can J Public Health. 1992;83(S2):S12–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller WC, Anton HA, Townson AF. Measurement properties of the CESD scale among individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2008;46(4):287–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorsett P, Geraghty T. Depression and adjustment after spinal cord injury: a three-year longitudinal study. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2004;9(4):43–56.
   Google Scholar
• Latimer AE, Ginis KAM, Hicks AL, McCartney N. An examination of the mechanisms of exercise-induced change in psychological well-being among people with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2004;41(5):643–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shnek ZM, Foley FW, LaRocca NG, Gordon WA, DeLuca J, Schwartzman HG, et al. Helplessness, self-efficacy, cognitive distortions, and depression in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury. Ann Behav Med. 1997;19(3):287–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginis KAM, Latimer AE, McKechnie K, Ditor DS, McCartney N, Hicks AL, et al. Using exercise to enhance subjective well-being among people with spinal cord injury: The mediating influences of stress and pain. Rehabil Psychol. 2003;48(3):157–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coyle CP, Shank JW, Kinney WT, Hutchins DA. Psychosocial functioning and changes in leisure lifestyle among individuals with chronic secondary health problems related to spinal cord injury. Ther Recreation J. 1993;27(4):239–52.
   Google Scholar
• Latimer AE, Ginis KAM, Hicks AL. Buffering the effects of stress on well-being among individuals with spinal cord injury: A potential role for exercise. Ther Recreation J. 2005;39(2):131–8.
   Google Scholar
• Rintala DH, Rohinson-Whelen S, Matamoros R. Subjective stress in male veterans with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2005;42(3):291–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker SD, Schulz R. Correlates of life satisfaction and depression in middle-aged and elderly spinal cord–injured persons. Am J Occup Ther. 1985;39(11):740–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhart KA, Weitzenkamp DA, Kennedy P, Glass CA, Charlifue SW. Correlates of stress in long-term spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1999;37(3):183–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migliorini C, New P, Tonge B. Comparison of depression, anxiety and stress in persons with traumatic and non-traumatic post-acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(11):783–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migliorini C, Callaway L, New P. Preliminary investigation into subjective well-being, mental health, resilience, and spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2013;36(6):660–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bombardier CH, Richards JS, Krause JS, Tulsky D, Tate DG. Symptoms of major depression in people with spinal cord injury: implications for screening. Arch of Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(11):1749–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson EJ, Richards JS. Factor structure of the PHQ-9 screen for depression across time since injury among persons with spinal cord injury. Rehabil Psychol. 2008;53(2):243–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams RT, Heinemann AW, Neumann HD, Fann JR, Forchheimer M, Richardson EJ, et al. Evaluating the psychometric properties and responsiveness to change of 3 depression measures in a sample of persons with traumatic spinal cord injury and major depressive disorder. Arch of Phys Med. 2016;97(6):929–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause JS, Saunders LL, Reed KS, Coker J, Zhai Y, Johnson E. Comparison of the patient health questionnaire and the older adult health and mood questionnaire for self-reported depressive symptoms after spinal cord injury. Rehabil Psychol. 2009;54(4):440–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campagnolo DI, Filart RA, Millis SR, Lann DE. Appropriateness of the ilfeld psychiatric symptom index as a screening tool for depressive symptomatology in persons with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2002;25(2):129–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andresen EM. Criteria for assessing the tools of disability outcomes research. Arch of Phys Med. 1996;81(S2):S15–20.
   Google Scholar
• Poritz JM, Mignogna J, Christie AJ, Holmes SA, Ames H. The Patient Health Questionnaire depression screener in spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2018;41(2):238–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto-Meza A, Serrano-Blanco A, Penarrubia MT, Blanco E, Haro JM. Assessing depression in primary care with the PHQ-9: can it be carried out over the telephone? J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(8):738–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fann JR, Bombardier CH, Dikmen S, Esselman P, Warms CA, Pelzer E, et al. Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in assessing depression following traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2005;20(6):501–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams LS, Brizendine EJ, Plue L, Bakas T, Tu W, Hendrie H, et al. Performance of the PHQ-9 as a screening tool for depression after stroke. Stroke. 2005;36(3):635–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths TC, Myers DH, Talbot AW. A study of the validity of the scaled version of the general health questionnaire in paralysed spinally injured out-patients. Psychol Med. 1993;23(02):497–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolrich RA, Kennedy P, Tasiemski T. A preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in 963 people living with a spinal cord injury. Psychol Health Med. 2006;11(1):80–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kemp B, Krause JS, Adkins R. Depression among African Americans, Latinos, and Caucasians with spinal cord injury: A exploratory study. Rehabil Psychol. 1999;44(3):235–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause JS, Kemp B, Coker J. Depression after spinal cord injury: relation to gender, ethnicity, aging, and socioeconomic indicators. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81(8):1099–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig A, Tran Y, Middleton J. Psychological morbidity and spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(2):108–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le J, Dorstyn D. Anxiety prevalence following spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis. Spinal Cord. 2016;54(8):570–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullrich PM, Smith BM, Blow FC, Valenstein M, Weaver FM. Depression, healthcare utilization, and comorbid psychiatric disorders after spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2014;37(1):40–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton R, Jones K, Duff J. Cognitive appraisals and emotional status following a spinal cord injury in post-acute rehabilitation. Spinal Cord. 2018;56:1151–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauri J, Chamarro A, Gilabert A, Gifre M, Rodriguez N, LopezBlazquez R, et al. Depression in individuals with traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injury living in the community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;98(6):1165–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald SD, Mickens MN, Goldberg-Looney LD, Mutchler BJ, Ellwood MS, Castillo TA. Mental disorder prevalence among US Department of Veterans Affairs outpatients with spinal cord injuries. J Spinal Cord Med. 2018;41(6):691–702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron IM, Crawford JR, Lawton K, Reid IC. Differential item functioning of the HADS and PHQ-9: an investigation of age, gender and educational background in a clinical UK primary care sample. J Affect Disord. 2013;147(1-3):262–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang FY, Chung H, Kroenke K, Delucchi KL, Spitzer RL. Using the patient health questionnaire-9 to measure depression among racially and ethnically diverse primary care patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(6):547–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis BH. Spectrum bias—why clinicians need to be cautious when applying diagnostic test studies. Fam Pract. 2008;25(5):390–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thombs BD, Arthurs E, El-Baalbaki G, Meijer A, Ziegelstein RC, Steele RJ. Risk of bias from inclusion of patients who already have diagnosis of or are undergoing treatment for depression in diagnostic accuracy studies of screening tools for depression: systematic review. Br Med J. 2011;343:d4825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joffres M, Jaramillo A, Dickinson J, Lewin G, Pottie K, Shaw E, et al. Recommendations on screening for depression in adults. CMAJ. 2013;185(9):775–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siu AL, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Baumann LC, Davidson KW, Ebell M, et al. Screening for depression in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2016;315(4):380–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar