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The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine Volume 43, 2020 - Issue 5
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Research Articles

Reliability of S3 pressure sensation and voluntary hip adduction/toe flexion and agreement with deep anal pressure and voluntary anal contraction in classifying persons with traumatic spinal cord injury

Ralph J. Marino1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USACorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2670-4113
ORCID Icon,
Mary Schmidt-Read2 Magee Rehabilitation Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
,
Anna Chen3 Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
,
Steven C. Kirshblum4 Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA;5 Rutgers NJ Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
,
Trevor A. Dyson-Hudson5 Rutgers NJ Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA;6 Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0252-2764
ORCID Icon,
Edelle Field-Fote7 Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
&
Ross Zafonte8 Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;9 Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;10 Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
 show all
Pages 616-622 | Published online: 17 Jun 2019

References

  • Wietek BM, Baron CH, Erb M, Hinninghofen H, Badtke A, Kaps HP, et al. Cortical processing of residual ano-rectal sensation in patients with spinal cord injury: an fMRI study. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2008;20(5):488–97. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01063.x
  • Zariffa J, Kramer JLK, Jones LAT, Lammertse DP, Curt A, Steeves JD. Sacral sparing in SCI: Beyond the S4-S5 and anorectal examination. Spine J. 2012;12(5):389–400. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2012.03.028
  • Marino RJ, Schmidt-Read M, Kirshblum SC, Dyson-Hudson TA, Tansey K, Morse LR, et al. Reliability and validity of S3 pressure sensation as an alternative to deep anal pressure in neurologic classification of persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97(10):1642–6. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.02.006
  • Kirshblum SC, Botticello AL, Dyson-Hudson TA, Byrne R, Marino RJ, Lammertse DP. Patterns of sacral sparing components on neurologic recovery in newly injured persons with traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97(10):1647–55. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.02.012
  • American Spinal Injury Association. International Standards Training E Program. Richmond, VA: ASIA. [cited 2019 January 17]. Available from: https://asia-spinalinjury.org/learning/.
  • Feinstein AR, Cicchetti DV. High agreement but low kappa: I. The problems of two paradoxes. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43(6):543–9. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(90)90158-L
  • Byrt T, Bishop J, Carlin JB. Bias, prevalence and kappa. J Clin Epidemiol. 1993;46(5):423–9. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(93)90018-V
  • Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159–74. doi: 10.2307/2529310
  • Mulcahey MJ, Gaughan JP, Chafetz RS, Vogel LC, Samdani AF, Betz RR. Interrater reliability of the international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury in youths with chronic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(8):1264–9. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.03.003
  • Wall EJ, S. CM, Abitbol JJ, Garfin SR. Organization of intrathecal nerve roots at the level of the conus medullaris. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72-A(10):1495–9. doi: 10.2106/00004623-199072100-00010
  • Waters RL, Adkins RH, Yakura JS. Definition of complete spinal cord injury. Paraplegia. 1991;29(9):573–81.

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