References
- Bonica JJ. Introduction: semantic, epidemiologic, and educational issues. In: Casey KL, (ed.) Pain and Central Nervous System Disease: The Central Pain Syndromes. New York: Raven Press; 1991. p. 13–29.
- Turner JA, Cardenas DD. Chronic pain problems in individuals with spinal cord injuries. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 1999;4(3):186–94.
- Cardenas DD, Jensen MP. Treatments for chronic pain in persons with spinal cord injury: a survey study. J Spinal Cord Med 2006;29(2):109–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2006.11753864
- Putzke JD, Richards JS, Hicken BL, DeVivo MJ. Interference due to pain following spinal cord injury: important predictors and impact on quality of life. Pain 2002;100(3):231–42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00069-6
- Lundqvist C, Siosteen A, Blomstrand C, Lind B, Sullivan M. Spinal cord injuries: clinical, functional and emotional status. Spine 1991;16:78–83. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199101000-00014
- Richards JS. Spinal cord injury pain: impact, classification, treatment trends, and implications from translational research. Rehabil Psychol 2005;50(2):99–102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.50.2.99
- Richards JS, Meredith RL, Nepomuceno C, Fine PR, Bennett G. Psychosocial aspects of chronic pain in spinal cord injury. Pain 1980;8:355–66. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(80)90079-2
- Elliott TR, Harkins SW. Psychosocial concomitants of persistent pain among persons with spinal cord injuries. Neuro Rehabil 1991;1(4):7–16.
- Biering-Sørensen I, Hansen RB, Biering-Sørensen F. Sexual function in a traumatic spinal cord injured population 10-45 years after injury. J Rehabil Med 2012;44(11):926–31. doi:10.2340/16501977-1057 doi: https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-1057
- Budh CN, Hultling C, Lundeberg T. Quality of sleep in individuals with spinal cord injury: a comparison between patients with and without pain. Spinal Cord 2005;43:85–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101680
- Widerström-Noga EG, Felipe-Cuervo E, Yezierski RP. Chronic pain after spinal injury: interference with sleep and daily activities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:1571–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.26068
- Melzack R. From the gate to the neuromatrix. Pain 1999;82:S121–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00145-1
- Apkarian AV, Bushnell MC, Treede RD, Zubieta JK. Human brain mechanisms of pain perception and regulation in health and disease. Eur J Pain 2005;9:463–84. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2004.11.001
- Wilcox CE, Mayer AR, Teshiba TM, Ling J, Smith BW, Wilcox GL, Mullins PG. The subjective experience of pain: An fMRI study of percept-related models and functional connectivity. Pain Med 2015;16(11):2121–33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12785
- Harris AJ. Cortical origin of pathological pain. Lancet 1999;354:1464–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)05003-5
- Wrigley PJ, Press SR, Gustin SM, Macefield VG, Gandevia SC, Cousins MJ, et al. Neuropathic pain and primary somatosensory cortex reorganization following spinal cord injury. Pain 2009;141:52–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2008.10.007
- Gustin SM, Wrigley PJ, Siddall PJ, Henderson LA. Brain anatomy changes associated with persistent neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. Cerebral Cortex 2010;20:1409–19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp205
- Hawasli AH, Rutlin J, Roland JL, Murphy RKJ, Song SK, Leuthardt EC, et al. Spinal cord injury disrupts resting-state networks in the human brain. J Neurotrauma 2018;35:864–73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2017.5212
- Bryce TN, Ragnarsson KT. Pain after spinal cord injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2000;11(1):157–68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1047-9651(18)30152-9
- Galer BS, Jensen JP. Development and preliminary validation of a pain measure specific to neuropathic pain: the Neuropathic Pain Scale. Neurology 1997;48:332–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.48.2.332
- Frolich MA, Deshpande H, Ness TJ, Deutsch G. Quantitative changes in regional cerebral blood flow induced by cold, heat and ischemic pain: a continuous arterial spin labeling study. Anesthesiology 2012;117:857–67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e31826a8a13
- Parkes LM. Quantification of cerebral perfusion using arterial spin labeling: two compartment models. J Magn Reson Imag 2005;22:732–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20456
- Friston KJ, Worsley KJ, Frackowiak RS, Mazziotta JC, Evans AC. Assessing the significance of focal activations using their spatial extent. Hum Brain Mapp 1994;1(3):210–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.460010306
- Buckner RL. The cerebellum and cognitive function: 25 years of insight from anatomy ad neuroimaging. Neuron 2013;80:807–15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.044
- Kelly RM, Strick PL. Cerebellar loops with motor cortex and prefrontal cortex of nonhuman primate. J Neurosci 2003;23:8432–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-23-08432.2003
- Balsters JH, Whelan CD, Robertson IH, Ramnani N. Cerebellum and cognition: evidience for the encoding of higher order rules. Cerebral Cortex 2013;23:1433–43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs127
- Salmi J, Pallesen KJ, Neuvonen T, Brattico E, Korvenoja A, Salonen O, Carlson S. Cognitive and motor loops of the human cerebro-cerebellar system. J Cog Neurosci 2009;22(11):2663–76. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21382
- Welman FHSM, Smit AE, Jongen JLM, Tibboel D, van der Geest JN, Holstege JC. Pain experience is somatotopically organized and overlaps with pain anticipation in the human cerebellum. Cerebellum 2018;17(4):447–460. doi:10.1007/s12311-018-0930-9.
- Becker S, Gandhi W, Pomares F, Wager TD, Schweinhardt P. Orbitofrontal cortex mediates pain inhibition by monetary reward. Soc Cogn and Affect Neurosci 2017;12(4):651–61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw173
- Noonan MP, Chau BKH, Rushworth MFS, Fellows LK. Contrasting effects of medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex lesions on credit assignment and decision-making in humans. J Neurosci 2017;37:7023–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0692-17.2017
- Nakamura Y, Kato H, Nojiri K, Takahata T, Yoshihara H, Honda-Takahashi K, et al. Significant differences of brain blood flow in patients with chronic low back pain and acute low back pain detected by brain SPECT. J Orthop Sci 2014;19(3):384–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-014-0534-2
- Gustin SM, Wrigley PJ, Youssef AM, McIndoe L, Wilcox SL, Rae CD, et al. Thalamic activity and biochemical changes in individuals with neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. Pain 2014;155(5):1027–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2014.02.008
- Burke D, Fullen BM, Stokes D, Lennon O. Neuropathic pain prevalence following spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pain 2017;21:29–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.905
- Siddall PJ, McClelland JM, Rutkowski SB, Cousins MJ. A longitudinal study of the prevalence and characteristics of pain in the first 5 years following spinal cord injury. Pain 2003;103:249–57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00452-9
- Finnerup NB, Johannesen IL, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Bach FW, Jensen TS. Sensory function in spinal cord injury patients with and without central pain. Brain 2003;126:57–70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awg007
- Bryce TN, Richards JS, Bombardier CH, Dijkers MP, Fann JR, Brooks L, et al. Screening for neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury with the Spinal Cord Injury Pain Instrument (SCIPI): a preliminary validation study. Spinal Cord 2014;52:407–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2014.21