41
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Cardiovascular Responses Elicited by Intragastric Administration of BDL and GHB

&
Pages 429-436 | Published online: 10 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Nicholson K L, Balster R L. GHB: A new and novel drug of abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend 2001; 63: 1–22
  • Hicks A R, Kapusta D R, Varner K J. Mechanisms underlying the sympathomimetic cardiovascular responses elicited by gamma-hydroxybutyrate. J Cardiovas Pharm 2004; 44: 631–638
  • Persson B, Henning M. Central cardiovascular effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: interactions with noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine and acetylcholine transmission. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1980; 47: 335–346
  • Gomes C, Flygt C, Henning M, Norin L, Svensson T H, Trolin G. Gammahydroxybutyric acid: Cardiovascular effects in the rat. J Neural Trans 1976; 38: 123–129
  • Zvosec D L, Smith S W, McCutcheon J R, Spillane J, Hall B J, Peacock E. Adverse events, including death, associated with the use of 1,4-butanediol. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 87–94
  • Snead O C, Furner R, Liu C C. In vivo conversion of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 1,4-butanediol to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in rat brain. Biochem Pharmacol 1989; 38: 375–438
  • Barker S A, Snead O C, Poldrugo F, Liu C C, Fish F P, Settine R L. Identification and quantification of 1,4-butanediol in mammalian tissues: An alternative biosynthetic athway for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Biochem Pharmacol 1985; 34: 1849–1852
  • Poldrugo F, Snead O C. 1,4-butanediol, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and ethanol: relationships and interactions. Neuropharmacol 1984; 23: 109–113
  • Gerak L R, Hicks A R, Winsauer P J, Varner K J. Interaction between 1,4-butanediol and ethanol on operant responding and the cardiovascular system. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 506: 75–82
  • Varner K J, Ogden B A, Delcarpio J, Meleg-Smith S. Cardiovascular responses elicited by the “binge” administration of methamphetamine. J Pharm Exp Ther 2002; 301: 152–159
  • Dyer J E, Roth B, Hyma B A. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal syndrome. Annal Emerg Med 2001; 37: 147–153
  • Blumenfeld M, Suntay R G, Harmel M H. Sodium gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: A new anesthetic adjuvant. Anesth Analg 1962; 4: 721–726
  • Lettieri J, Fung H. Improved pharmacological activity via pro-drug modification: comparative pharmacokinetics of sodium γ -hydroxybutyrate and γ -butyrolactone. Res Comm Chem Path Pharmacol 1978; 22: 107–118
  • Bessman S P, McCabe E R. 1,4-Butanediol-a substrate for rat liver and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenases. Biochem Pharmacol 1972; 21: 1135–1142
  • Poldrugo F, Snead O C, 3rd. 1,4-Butanediol and ethanol compete for degradation in rat brain and liver in vivo. Alcohol 1986; 3: 367–370
  • Carai M AM, Colomb G, Reali R, Serra S, Mocci I, Castelli P, Cignarella G, Gessa G L. Central effects of 1,4-butanediol are mediated by GABAB receptors via its conversion into γ -hydroxybutyric acid. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 441: 157–163

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.