References
- Capece D, Verzella D, Fischietti M, et al. Targeting costimulatory molecules to improve antitumor immunity. BioMed Res Int. 2012;2012:1–17.
- Okazaki T, Honjo T. PD-1 and PD-1 ligands: from discovery to clinical application. Int Immunol. 2007;19:813–824.
- Chemnitz JM, Parry RV, Nichols KE, et al. SHP-1 and SHP-2 associate with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif of programmed death 1 upon primary human T cell stimulation, but only receptor ligation prevents T cell activation. J Immunol. 2004;173:945–954.
- Okazaki T, Chikuma S, Iwai Y, et al. A rheostat for immune responses: the unique properties of PD-1 and their advantages for clinical application. Nat Immunol. 2013;14:1212–1218.
- Okazaki T, Maeda A, Nishimura H, et al. PD-1 immunoreceptor inhibits B cell receptor-mediated signaling by recruiting src homology 2-domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 to phosphotyrosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:13866–13871.
- Sheppard K-A, Fitz LJ, Lee JM, et al. PD-1 inhibits T-cell receptor induced phosphorylation of the ZAP70/CD3zeta signalosome and downstream signaling to PKCtheta. FEBS Lett. 2004;574:37–41.
- Ahmadzadeh M, Johnson LA, Heemskerk B, et al. Tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired. Blood. 2009;114:1537–1544.
- Hamanishi J, Mandai M, Matsumura N, et al. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cancer treatment: perspectives and issues. Int J Clin Oncol. 2016;21:462–473.
- Inman BA, Longo TA, Ramalingam S, et al. Atezolizumab: a PD-L1-blocking antibody for bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:1886–1890.
- Feng Z, Schlichting M, Helwig C, et al. Comparative study of two PD-L1 expression assays in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(15 suppl):e20581–e20581.
- Scheel AH, Baenfer G, Baretton G, et al. Interlaboratory‐concordance of PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry for non‐small cell lung cancer. Histopathology. 2017. doi: 10.1111/his.13375
- Riley JL. PD-1 signaling in primary T cells. Immunol Rev. 2009;229:114–125.
- Iwai Y, Ishida M, Tanaka Y, et al. Involvement of PD-L1 on tumor cells in the escape from host immune system and tumor immunotherapy by PD-L1 blockade. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99:12293–12297.
- Hirano F, Kaneko K, Tamura H, et al. Blockade of B7-H1 and PD-1 by monoclonal antibodies potentiates cancer therapeutic immunity. Cancer Res. 2005;65:1089–1096.
- Duraiswamy J, Kaluza KM, Freeman GJ, et al. Dual blockade of PD-1 and CTLA-4 combined with tumor vaccine effectively restores T-cell rejection function in tumors. Cancer Res. 2013;73:3591–3603.
- Wang L, Yu C, Yang Y, et al. Development of a robust reporter gene assay to measure the bioactivity of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapeutic antibodies. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2017;145:447–453.
- Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Cellular and molecular immunology E-book. 7th edn. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.