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Original Articles

A Suggested Approach to the Selection of Chemical and Biological Protective Clothing—Meeting Industry and Emergency Response Needs for Protection Against a Variety of Hazards

Pages 271-290 | Published online: 08 Jan 2015

References

  • European Directive, 89/656/EEC, Council directive concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use by workers of PPE at the workplace. Official Journal of the European Communities, No. L 393/18, Brussels, 30 December 1989.
  • U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Part 1910.132, General requirements for personal protective equipment, Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2003 (latest edition).
  • National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Improvement and Implementation of the biological and chemical protective clothing (BCPC) recommendations: development of a BCPC decision logic (Order No. 9952674). Pittsburgh, PA, USA: National Personal Protection Technology Laboratory; 2002.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Protective clothing—protection against chemicals—classification and performance requirements for chemical protective clothing (Standard No. ISO FDIS 16602:2004). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 20041.
  • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Standard on vapor-protective ensemble for hazardous materials emergencies (Standard No. NFPA 1991:2000). Quincy, MA, USA: NFPA; 2000.
  • European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Protective clothing against liquid and gaseous challenges, including liquid aerosols and solid particles—part 2: Performance requirements for “gas tight” (Type 1) chemical protective suits for emergency teams (ET) (European Standard No. EN 943-2:2002). Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 2002.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Protective clothing for fire fighters—laboratory test methods and performance requirements (Standard No. ISO 11613:1999). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 1999.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Protective clothing for firefighters—test methods and requirements for reflective clothing for specialized firefighting (Standard No. ISO 15538:2001). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 2001.
  • European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Protective clothing for firefighters—requirements and test methods for protective clothing for firefighting (European Standard No. EN 469:1995). Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 1995.
  • European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Protective clothing for firefighters—test methods and requirements for reflective clothing for specialized firefighting (European Standard No. EN 1486:1996). Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 1996.
  • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Standard on protective ensemble for structural fire fighting (Standard No. NFPA 1971:2000). Quincy, MA, USA: NFPA; 2000.
  • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Standard on protective ensemble for proximity fire fighting (Standard No. NFPA 1976:2000). Quincy, MA, USA: NFPA; 2000.
  • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Standard on protective ensemble for chemical/biological terrorism incidents (Standard No. NFPA 1994:2001). Quincy, MA, USA: NFPA; 2001.
  • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Standard on protective clothing for emergency medical operations (Standard No. NFPA 1999:2003). Quincy, MA, USA: NFPA; 2003.
  • European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Protective clothing—performance requirements and test methods for protective clothing against infective agents (European Standard No. EN 14126:2004). Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 2004.
  • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Standard on liquid splash-protective ensemble and clothing for hazardous materials emergencies (Standard No. NFPA 1992:2000). Quincy, MA, USA: NFPA; 2000.
  • European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Protective clothing—protection against liquid chemicals—performance requirements for chemical protective clothing with liquid-tight connections between different parts of the clothing (Type 3 Equipment) (European Standard No. EN 466:1995). Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 1995.
  • European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Protective gloves and chemical and micro-organisms (European Standard No. EN 374:2003). Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 2003.
  • European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Medical gloves for single use (European Standard No. EN 455:2000). Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 2000.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Protective clothing—protection against liquid and gaseous chemicals—determination of integrity of protective clothing to penetration by liquids and gases (Standard No. ISO 17491:2002). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 2002.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Clothing for performance against contact with blood and body fluids—part 3: test method for determining resistance of protective clothing materials to penetration by bloodborne pathogens using Bacteriophage Phi-X174 as a test system (Standard No. ISO 16604:2004). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 2004.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Clothing for performance against contact with blood and body fluids—test method for determining resistance to penetration by blood and body fluids using a synthetic blood as a test system (Standard No. ISO 16603:2004). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 2004.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Clothing for protection against infectious agents—test method for resistance to penetration by biological contaminated dust through protective clothing materials (Standard No. ISO DIS 22612:2004). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 20042.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Clothing for protection against infectious agents—test method for resistance to penetration by bacteria through protective clothing materials. (Standard No. ISO DIS 22610: 2004). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 20043.

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