References
- Lucas R, Epstein Y, Kjellstrom T. Excessive occupational heat exposure: a significant ergonomic challenge and health risk for current and future workers. Extrem Physiol Med. 2014;3:1–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-3-14
- Yoopat P, Toicharoen P, Glinsukon T, et al. Ergonomics in practice: physical workload and heat stress in Thailand. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2002;8(1):83–93. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2002.11076516
- Xu X, Gonzalez J. Determination of the cooling capacity for body ventilation system. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(12):3155–3160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1941-0
- Chinevere TD, Cadarette BS, Goodman DA, et al. Efficacy of body ventilation system for reducing strain in warm and hot climates. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;103(3):307–314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0707-9
- Bogdan A, Chludzinska M. Assessment of thermal comfort using personalized ventilation. HVAC&R Res. 2010;16(4):529–542. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2010.10390919
- Ghaddar N, Ghali K, Harathani J. Modulated air layer heat and moisture transport by ventilation and diffusion from clothing with open aperture. J Heat Trans-T ASME. 2005;127(3):287–297. doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1857949
- Gonzalez JA, Berglund LG, Endrusick TL, et al. Forced ventilation of protective garments for hot industries. Natick (MA): Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine; 2006. (USARIEM Publication; no. ADA460047).
- Kaczmarczyk J, Melikov A, Bolashikov Z, et al. Human response to five designs of personalized ventilation. HVAC&R Res. 2006;12(2):367–384. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2006.10391184
- Ke Y, Havenith G, Zhang X, et al. Effects of wind and clothing apertures on local clothing ventilation rates and thermal insulation. Text Res J. 2014;84(9):941–952. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517513512399
- Ke Y, Li J, Havenith G. An improved experimental method for local clothing ventilation measurement. Int J Ind Ergonom. 2014;44(1):75–81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2013.10.009
- Ueda H, Havenith G. The effect of fabric air permeability on clothing ventilation. In: Tochihara Y, Ohnaka T, editors. Elsevier ergonomics book series. Amsterdam: Elsevier BV; 2005. p. 343–346.
- Desruelle A, Hoef A, Candas V. Local moderate ventilation and thermoregulatory responses in man exercising in an impermeable garment. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomic; 1994 Sept 25–30; Montebello (QC). Toronto: Scientific Information Center, Defence & Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine; 1994. p. 62–63.
- Hadid A, Yanovich R, Erlich T, et al. Effect of a personal ambient ventilation system on physiological strain during heat stress wearing a ballistic vest. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;104(2):311–319. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0716-8
- Zhao M, Gao C, Wang F, et al. A study on local cooling of garments with ventilation fans and openings placed at different torso sites. Int J Ind Ergonom. 2013;43(3):232–237. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2013.01.001
- Yi W, Zhao Y, Chan AP. Evaluating the effectiveness of cooling vest in a hot and humid environment. Ann Work Expo Health. 2017;61(4):481–494. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxx007
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Textiles –determination of the permeability of fabrics to air. Geneva: ISO; 1995. Standard No. ISO 9237:1995.
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Clothing – physiological effects – measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal manikin. Geneva: ISO; 2004. Standard No. ISO 15831:2004.
- American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Standard test method for measuring the evaporative resistance of clothing using a sweating manikin. West Conshohocken (PA): ASTM; 2016. Standard No. ASTM F2370:2016.
- Lu Y, Wang F, Peng H, et al. Effect of sweating set rate on clothing real evaporative resistance determined on a sweating thermal manikin in a so-called isothermal condition (Tmanikin = Ta = Tr). Int J Biometeorol. 2016;60(4):481–488. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-015-1029-3
- Lai D, Wei F, Lu Y, et al. Evaluation of a hybrid personal cooling system using a manikin operated in constant temperature mode and thermoregulatory model control mode in warm conditions. Text Res J. 2017;87(1):46–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517515622152
- Fiala D, Lomas KJ, Stohrer M. A computer model of human thermoregulation for a wide range of environmental conditions: the passive system. J Appl Physiol. 1999;87(5):1957–1972. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1957
- Wang F, Zhang C, Lu Y. Correction of the heat loss method for calculating clothing real evaporative resistance. J Therm Biol. 2015;52:45–51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.05.004
- Wang F, del Ferraro S, Molinaro V, et al. Assessment of body mapping sportswear using a manikin operated in constant temperature mode and thermoregulatory model control mode. Int J Biometeorol. 2014;58(7):1673–1682. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-013-0774-4
- Lu Y, Wei F, Lai D, et al. A novel personal cooling system (PCS) incorporated with phase change materials (PCMs) and ventilation fans: an investigation on its cooling efficiency. J Therm Biol. 2015;52:137–146. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.07.002
- McCullough E, Jones B, Zbikowski P. The effect of garment design on the thermal insulation values of clothing. ASHRAE Trans. 1983;89(2):327–352.
- Ding D, Tang T, Song G, et al. Characterizing the performance of a single-layer fabric system through a heat and mass transfer model –part I: heat and mass transfer model. Text Res J. 2011;81(9):398–411. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517510388547
- He S, Huang D, Qi Z, et al. The effect of air gap thickness on heat transfer in firefighters’ protective clothing under conditions of short exposure to heat. Heat Transfer Eng. 2012;43(8):749–765.
- Spencer-Smith JL. The physical basis of clothing comfort, part 2: heat transfer through dry clothing assemblies. Clothing Res J. 1994;5(1):3–17.
- Chen Y, Fan J, Qian X, et al. Effect of garment fit on thermal insulation and evaporative resistance. Text Res J. 2004;74(8):742–748. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/004051750407400814
- Zhao M, Kuklane K, Lundgren K, et al. A ventilation cooling shirt worn during office work in a hot climate: cool or not? Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2015;21(4):457–463. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2015.1087730
- Choudhary B U, Wang F, et al. Development and experimental validation of a 3D numerical model based on CFD of the human torso wearing air ventilation clothing. Int J Heat Mass Transfer. 2020;147:118973. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118973
- Pu Z. A dynamic model of the human/cooling system/clothing/environment system [dissertation]. Orlando (FL): University of Central Florida; 2005.
- Spekman KL, Allan AE, Sawka MN, et al. Perspectives in microclimate cooling involving protective clothing in hot environments. Int J Ind Ergonom. 1988;3(2):121–147. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(88)90015-7
- Zhao M, Gao C, Li J, et al. Effects of two cooling garments on post-exercise thermal comfort of female subjects in the heat. Fiber Polym. 2015;16(6):1403–1409. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-015-1403-0
- Chen YT, Constable SH, Bomalaski SH. A lightweight ambient air-cooling unit for use in hazardous environments. Am J Ind Hyg. 1997;58(1):10–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15428119791013017
- Shirish A, Kapadia V, Kumar S, et al. Effectiveness of a cooling jacket with reference to physiological responses in iron foundry workers. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2016;22(4):487–493. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2016.1181484
- McLellan TM, Frim J, Bell DG. Efficacy of air and liquid cooling during light and heavy exercise while wearing NBC clothing. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1999;70(8):802–811.
- Bomalaski SH, Chen YT, Constable SH. Continuous and intermittent personal microclimate cooling strategies. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1995;66(8):745–750.
- McLellan TM. The efficacy of an air-cooling vest to reduce thermal strain for light armour vehicle personnel. Toronto: Defence Research and Development Canada; 2007. (DRDC Publication; no. TR2007-002).
- Psikuta A, Kuklane K, Bogdan A, et al. Opportunities and constraints of presently used thermal manikins for thermo-physiological simulation of the human body. Int J Biometeorol. 2016;60(3):435–446. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-015-1041-7
- Koelblen B, Psikuta A, Bogdan A, et al. Human simulator – a tool for predicting thermal sensation in the built environment. Build Environ. 2018;143:632–644. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.050
- Psikuta A, Richards M, Fiala D. Single-sector thermophysiological human simulator. Physiol Meas. 2008;29(2):181–192. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/29/2/002
- Szarek W, Holmér I, Kuklane K. Comparison of Fiala model predictions with experimental data for extreme cold conditions. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics (ICEE); 2007 Aug 19–24; Piran, Slovenia. Wollongong: University of Wollongong; 2009. p. 517–520.
- Fiala D, Psikuta A, Jendritzky G, et al. Physiological modeling for technical, clinical and research applications. Front Biosci. 2010;S2(3):939–968. doi: https://doi.org/10.2741/s112
- Wang F. Effect of body movement on the thermophysiological responses of an adaptive manikin and human subjects. Measurement. 2018;116:251–256. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.11.026