The mediator role of well-being in the effect of COVID-19 anxiety on occupational commitment: research in the aviation sector

References

• Taylor S. The psychology of pandemics: preparing for the next global outbreak of infectious disease. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Cambridge; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson NP, Mueller J. Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918–1920 ‘Spanish’ influenza pandemic. Bull Hist Med. 2002:76;105–115. doi:10.1353/bhm.2002.0022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkis Y, Kadirhan Z, Sat M. Development and validation of social anxiety scale for social media users. Comput Hum Behav. 2017;72:296–303. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morens DM, Fauci AS. Pandemic Zika: a formidable challenge to medicine and public health. J Infect Dis. 2017;216(10):857–859. doi:10.1093/infdis/jix383
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Pandemic fatigue: Reinvigorating the public to prevent COVID-19; [Internet]; 2020 [cited 2022 Mar 8]. Available from: http://www.who.int/ https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/335820/WHO-EURO-2020-1160-40906-55390-eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic [Internet]; 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 14]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Timeline: WHO's COVID-19 response; [Internet]; 2020 [cited 2022 Mar 8]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline
   Google Scholar
• Bakker A, Wagner D. Pandemic: lessons for today and tomorrow? Educ Stud Math. 2020;104(1):1–4. doi:10.1007/s10649-020-09946-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yetgin D, Benligiray S. The effect of economic anxiety and occupational burnout levels of tour guides on their occupational commitment. Asia Pac J Tour Res. 2019;24(4):333–347. doi:10.1080/10941665.2018.1564681
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macit A, Macit D. Türk sivil havacılık sektöründe COVID-19 pandemisinin yönetimi (The Management of COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkish Civil Aviation Sector). Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi (Euroasia social and Economics Research Journal). 2020;7(4):100–116.
   Google Scholar
• Weir K. Seven crucial research findings that can help people deal with COVID-19 [Internet]; 2020 Mar 16 [cited 8 March 2022]. Available from: https://www.apa.org/news/apa/2020/covid-19-research-findings
   Google Scholar
• Duan L, Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):300–302. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao C. A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-related psychological and mental problems: structured letter therapy. Psychiatry Investig. 2020;17(2):175–176. doi:10.30773/pi.2020.0047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirzinger A, Hamel L, Muñana C, et al. KFF Health Tracking Poll - Late April 2020: Coronavirus, Social Distancing, and Contact Tracing; 2020 Apr 24 [cited Mar 8 2022]. https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/kff-health-tracking-poll-late-april-2020/
   Google Scholar
• Craig AT, Heywood AE, Hall J. Risk of COVID-19 importation to the Pacific islands through global air travel. Epidemiol Infect. 2020;148:e71. doi:10.1017/S0950268820000710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopancı B, Akdeniz H, Şahin Ö. The effect of COVID19 pandemic on aviation industry. Eng Mach. 2021;62(704):446–467.
   Google Scholar
• ATAG. ATAG report on the impacts of COVID-19 to aviation sector [Internet]; 2020 [cited 2022 Feb 15]. Turkish. Available from: https://web.shgm.gov.tr/tr/haberler/6465-atag-covid-19un-havacilik-sektorune-etkilerini-iceren-rapor-yayimladi
   Google Scholar
• Turkish Airlines. 1st of July–30th of September 2021 Board of Directors’ Activity Report [Internet]; 2021 [cited 2022 Feb 15]. Turkish. Available from: https://investor.turkishairlines.com/documents/faaliyet-raporlari/yk-faaliyet-raporu-3q2021-tr-v3.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mhalla M. The impact of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on the global oil and aviation markets. J Asia Sci Res. 2020;10(2):96–104. doi:10.18488/journal.2.2020.102.96.104
   Google Scholar
• Dizer U, Demirpek U. Blood supply in pandemics. Turk J Infect. 2009;23(1):29–34.
   Google Scholar
• Baka L. Coronavirus anxiety and exhaustion among polish front-line healthcare workers – the mediation effect of insomnia. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2021;34(2):263–273. doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihaylova T, Koychev A, Stoyanova S, et al. Generalized anxiety in healthcare workers during the coronavirus pandemic. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2021;35(1):828–838. doi:10.1080/13102818.2021.1932596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yıldırım M, Özaslan A, Arslan G. P.erceived risk and parental coronavirus anxiety in healthcare workers: a moderated mediation role of coronavirus fear and mental well-being. Psychol Health Med. 2021: 1–12. doi:10.1080/13548506.2021.1871771.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbolat M, Amarat M, Yildirim Y, et al. Moderating effect of psychological well-being on the effect of workplace safety climate on job stress. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2022: 1–6. doi:10.1080/10803548.2022.2026073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed NJ, Alrawili AS, Alkhawaja FZ. The anxiety and stress of the public during the spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). J Pharm Res Int. 2020;2(7):54–59. doi:10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i730460
   Google Scholar
• Artan T, Cebeci F, Karaman M, et al. The relationship between coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak related perceptions and health anxiety. Soc Work Public Health. 2022;37(2):135–145. doi:10.1080/19371918.2021.198645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan J, Wu C, Wei D, et al. Prevalence and factors for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic among college students in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 7;18(9):4974. doi:10.3390/ijerph18094974. PMID: 34067045; PMCID: PMC8124424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SA, Jobe MC, Mathis AA, et al. Incremental validity of coronaphobia: coronavirus anxiety explains depression, generalized anxiety, and death anxiety. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;74:102268. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigoli F. Opinions about immigration, patriotism, and welfare policies during the coronavirus emergency: the role of political orientation and anxiety. Soc Sci J. 2020. doi:10.1080/03623319.2020.1806583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muniswamy P, Peter IG, Gorhe V, et al. Association between physical and mental health variables among software professionals working at home: a secondary analysis. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2021:1–9. doi:10.1080/10803548.2021.1986307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steimer T. The biology of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2002;4(3):231–249. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2002.4.3/tsteimer
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freud S. History of the psychoanalytic movement. In: Ernest Jones ed. Sigmund Freud collected papers. Translated by Joan Riviere. London: Hogarth Press; 1924; p. 285–359.
   Google Scholar
• Kazdin AE. Developing a research agenda for child and adolescent psychotherapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(9):829–835. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.9.829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow DH. Unraveling the mysteries of anxiety and its disorders from the perspective of emotion theory. Am Psychol. 2000;55(11):1247–1263. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.11.1247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow DH, Chorpita BF, Turovsky J. Fear, panic, anxiety, and disorders of emotion. In: Hope DA, editor. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1995: perspectives on anxiety, panic, and fear Vol. 43. Lincoln (NE): University of Nebraska Press; 1996. p. 251–328.
   Google Scholar
• Bouton ME, Mineka S, Barlow DH. A modern learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder. Psychol Rev. 2001;108(1):4–32. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.108.1.4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmud MS, Talukder MU, Rahman SM. Does ‘Fear of COVID-19’ trigger future career anxiety? An empirical investigation considering depression from COVID-19 as a mediator. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021;67(1):35–45. doi:10.1177/0020764020935488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TDK. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri [Turkish Lenguage Institution Dictionaries] [cited 8 March 2022]. Turkish. Available from: https://sozluk.gov.tr/
   Google Scholar
• Allwright R, Allwright D, Bailey KM. Focus on the language classroom: an introduction to classroom research for language teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Akgün S. İç iletişim sürecinde kaygı düzeylerinin öğrenci başarısı üzerine etkisi [unpublished master’s thesis]. Konya: Selçuk University Social Sciences Institute; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Beksaçi I. Üniversite öğrencilerinde yaşam doyumu ile depresyon ve kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki [unpublished master’s thesis]. Samsun: Ondokuz Mayıs University. Education Sciences Institute; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Tekin E. COVID-19 Kaygısının Motivasyon Üzerindeki Etkisi: Z KuşağıÜzerine Bir Araştırma. Electron Turk Stud. 2020;15(4):1129–1145. doi:10.7827/TurkishStudies.44070
   Google Scholar
• Morosanova V, Fomina T, Filippova E. The relationship between the conscious selfregulation of schoolchildren's learning activity, their test anxiety level, and the final exam result in mathematics. Behav Sci. 2020;10(1):16–26. doi:10.3390/bs10010016
   Google Scholar
• Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335–343. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor S. Anxiety sensitivity. In: Abramowitz JS, Blakey SM, editors. Clinical handbook of fear and anxiety: psychological processes and treatment mechanisms. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2019. p. 65–90.
   Google Scholar
• Taha S, Matheson K, Cronin T, et al. Intolerance of uncertainty, appraisals, coping, and anxiety: the case of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Br J Health Psychol. 2014;19(3):592–605. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çiçek B, Almalı V. COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Kaygı Öz-yeterlilik ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişki: Özel Sektör ve Kamu Çalışanları Karşılaştırması. Electron Turkish Stud. 2020;15(4):241–260.
   Google Scholar
• Abramowitz JS, Braddock AE. Hypochondriasis and health anxiety. Vol. 19. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe Publishing; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor S, Asmundson G. Treating health anxiety: a cognitive behavioral approach. New York (NY): Guilford; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Gilles I, Bangerter A, Clémence A, et al. Trust in medical organizations predicts pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccination behavior and perceived efficacy of protection measures in the Swiss public. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011;26(3):203–210. doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9577-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin R, Gaines SO, Myers L, et al. Initial psychological responses to swine flu. Int J Behav Med. 2011;18(2):88–92. doi:10.1007/s12529-010-9083-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin GJ, Amlôt R, Page L, et al. Public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey. BMJ. 2009;339:b2651. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams L, Rasmussen S, Kleczkowski A, et al. Protection motivation theory and social distancing behaviour in response to a simulated infectious disease epidemic. Psychol Health Med. 2015;20(7):832–837. doi:10.1080/13548506.2015.1028946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong LP, Sam IC. Knowledge and attitudes in regard to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in a multiethnic community of Malaysia. Int J Behav Med. 2011;18(2):112–121. doi:10.1007/s12529-010-9114-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedman E, Lekander M, Karshikoff B, et al. Health anxiety in a disease-avoidance framework: investigation of anxiety, disgust and disease perception in response to sickness cues. J Abnorm Psychol. 2016;125(7):868–878. doi:10.1037/abn0000195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheaton MG, Berman NC, Franklin JC, et al. Health anxiety: latent structure and associations with anxiety-related psychological processes in a student sample. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2010;32(4):565–574. doi:10.1007/s10862-010-9179-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy WP. The nocebo reaction. Med World. 1961;95:203–205.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taylor S, Asmundson GJ. Treatment of health anxiety. Wiley Handb Obsess Compulsive Disord. 2017;2:977–989. doi:10.1002/9781118890233.ch55
   Google Scholar
• Firestone WA, Pennell JR. Teacher commitment, working conditions, and differential incentive policies. Rev Educ Res. 1993;63:489–525. doi:10.3102/00346543063004489
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee K, Carswell JJ, Allen NJ. A meta-analytic review of occupational commitment: relations with person-and work-related variables. J Appl Psychol. 2000;85(5):799–811. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.5.799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau GJ. Further exploring the meaning and measurement of career commitment. J Vocat Behav. 1988;32(3):284–297. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(88)90020-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhaus JH. An investigation of the role of career salience in vocational behavior. J Vocat Behav. 1971;1:209–216. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(71)90022-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow PC. Concept redundancy in organizational research: the case of work commitment. Acad Manage Rev. 1983;8(3):486–500. doi:10.2307/257837
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aranya N, Pollock J, Amernic J. An examination of professional commitment in public accounting. Account Organ Soc. 1981;6(4):271–280. doi:10.1016/0361-3682(81)90007-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer JP, Allen NJ. A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Hum Resour Manag Rev. 1991;1:61–89. doi:10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
   Google Scholar
• Hackett RD, Lapierre LM, Hausdorf PA. Understanding the links between work commitment constructs. J Vocat Behav. 2001;58(3):392–413. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2000.1776
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer JP, Becker TE, Vandenberghe C. Employee commitment and motivation: a conceptual analysis and integrative model. J Appl Psychol. 2004;89(6):991–1007. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tak B, Aydem-Çiftçioğlu B. Üç boyutlu mesleki bağlılık ölçeğinin Türkçe'de güvenilirlik ve geçerliliğinin incelenmesine yönelik bir alan araştırması. İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. 2009;10(1):35–54.
   Google Scholar
• Allen NJ, Meyer JP. The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. J Occup Psychol. 1990;63(1):1–18. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau G. The measurement and prediction of career commitment. J Occup Psychol. 1985;58:277–288. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00201.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau G. Testing the discriminant validity of occupational entrenchment. J Occup Organ Psychol. 2001;74:85–93. doi:10.1348/096317901167244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carson KD, Carson PP, Bedeian AG. Development and construct validation of a career entrenchment measure. J Occup Organ Psychol. 1995;68(4):301–320. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1995.tb00589.x
   Google Scholar
• Dave RH, Rajput JS. Competency based and commitment oriented teacher education for quality education. New Delhi: NCTE, Sri Aurobindo Marg; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer JP, Allen NJ, Smith C A. Commitment to organizations and occupations: extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. J Appl Psychol. 1993;78(4):538–551. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.4.538
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr S, Von Glinow MA, Schriesheim J. Issues in the study of ‘professionals’ in organizations: the case of scientists and engineers. Organ Behav Hum Perform. 1977;18(2):329–345. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(77)90034-4
   Google Scholar
• Carson KD, Bedeian AG. Career commitment: construction of a measure and examination of its psychometric properties. J Vocat Behav. 1994;44(3):237–262. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1994.1017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aranya N, Ferris KR. A reexamination of accountants organizational professional conflict. Account Rev. 1984;59:1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedeian AG. Issues in the dimensional structure of career entrenchment. J Occup Organ Psychol. 2002;75(2):247–250. doi:10.1348/09631790260098253
   Google Scholar
• Blau G. On assessing the construct validity of two multidimensional constructs occupational commitment and occupational entrenchment. Hum Resour Manag Rev. 2001;11:279–298. doi:10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00052-8
   Google Scholar
• Blau G. Testing for a four-dimensional structure of occupational commitment. J Occup Organ Psychol. 2003;76:469–488. doi:10.1348/096317903322591596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer JP, Allen NJ. Testing the ‘side-bet theory’ of organizational commitment: some methodological considerations. J Appl Psychol. 1984;69(3):372–378. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.69.3.372
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer JP, Allen NJ. A longitudinal analysis of the early development and consequences of organizational commitment. Can J Behav Sci/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement. 1987;19(2):199–215. doi:10.1037/h0080013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palombi BJ. Psychometric properties of wellness instruments. J Couns Dev. 1992;71(2):221–225. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb02204.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers JE, Sweeney TJ, Witmer JM. The wheel of wellness counseling for wellness: a holistic model for treatment planning. J Couns Dev. 2000;78(3):251–266. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01906.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avey H, Fuller E, Branscomb J, et al. Using a health in all policies approach to address social determinants of sexually transmitted disease inequities in the context of community change and redevelopment. Public Health Rep. 2013;128(6):77–86. doi:10.1177/00333549131286S312
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Avey JB, Luthans F, Smith RM, et al. Impact of positive psychological capital on employee well-being over time. J Occup Health Psychol. 2010;15(1):17–28. doi:10.1037/a0016998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks RB, Goldstein S. Power of resilience. New York (NY): McGraw-Hill; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Doğan T, Yıldırım İ. Üniversite öğrencilerinin iyilik halinin ‘arkadaşlık’ ve ‘sevgi’ boyutlarının incelenmesi. Eur J Educ Res. 2006;24:77–86.
   Google Scholar
• Ryff CD, Keyes CLM. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995;69(4):719–727. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan RM, Deci EL. On happiness and human potentials: a review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001;52(1):141–166. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim-Prieto C, Diener E, Tamir M, et al. Integrating the diverse definitions of happiness: a time-sequential framework of subjective well-being. J Happiness Stud. 2005;6(3):261–300. doi:10.1007/s10902-005-7226-8
   Google Scholar
• Diener E, Lucas RE, Oishi S. Subjective well-being: the science of happiness and life satisfaction. Handb Posit Psychol. 2002;2:63–73.
   Google Scholar
• Oruç E. İş şekillendirmenin psikolojik iyi oluşa etkisinde işin anlamının aracılık etkisi. Sakarya Üniversitesi İşletme Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2019;1(1):24–28.
   Google Scholar
• Roscoe LJ. Wellness: a review of theory and measurement for counselors. J Couns Dev. 2009;87(2):216–226. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2009.tb00570.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller G, Foster LT. Critical synthesis of wellness literature: faculty of human and social development. Victoria (BC): University of Victoria; 2010. p. 1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Korkut F. Önleme ve iyilik hali. Eur J Educ Res. 2004;15:79–87.
   Google Scholar
• Myers JE, Sweeney TJ. The indivisible self: an evidence-based model of wellness. J Individ Psychol. 2004;60:234–244.
   Google Scholar
• Renger RF, Midyett SJ, Soto Mas FG, et al. Optimal living profile: an inventory to assess health and wellness. Am J Health Behav. 2000;24(6):403–412. doi:10.5993/AJHB.24.6.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korkut-Owen F, Owen DW. İyilik hali yıldızı modeli, uygulanması ve değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Avrasya Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2012;3(9):24–33.
   Google Scholar
• McMahon S, Fleury J. Wellness in older adults: a concept analysis. Nurs Forum. 2012;47(1):39–51. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6198.2011.00254.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKee-Ryan F, Song Z, Wanberg CR, et al. Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: a meta-analytic study. J Appl Psychol. 2005;90(1):53–76. doi:10.1037/0021-010.90.1.53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen FK, Çelik ND. Yaşam boyu sağlıklı yaşam ve iyilik hali. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2018;10(4):440–453.
   Google Scholar
• Steger MF, Kashdan TB. Depression and everyday social activity, belonging, and well-being. J Couns Psychol. 2009;56(2):289–300. doi:10.1037/a0015416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Beurs E, Beekman AT, van Balkom AJ, et al. Consequences of anxiety in older persons: its effect on disability, well-being and use of health services. Psychol Med. 1999;29(3):583–593. doi:10.1017/s0033291799008351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mowday RT, Porter LW, Steers RM. Employee–organization linkages: the psychology of commitment, absenteeism and turnover. New York (NY): Academic Press; 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer JP, Allen NJ. Commitment in the workplace: theory, research, and application. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer JP, Stanley LJ, Parfyonova NM. Employee commitment in context: the nature and implication of commitment profiles. J Vocat Behav. 2012;80(1):1–16. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siu OL, Spector PE, Cooper CL, et al. Managerial stress in greater China: the direct and moderator effects of coping strategies and work locus of control. Appl Psychol. 2002;51(4):608–632. doi:10.1111/1464-0597.00111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridger RS, Kilminster S, Slaven G. Occupational stress and strain in the naval service: 1999 and 2004. Occup Med. 2007;57(2):92–97. doi:10.1093/occmed/kql124
   Google Scholar
• Grawitch MJ, Trares S, Kohler JM. Healthy workplace practices and employee outcomes. Int J Stress Manage. 2007;14(3):275–293. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.14.3.275
   Google Scholar
• Thoresen CJ, Kaplan SA, Barsky AP, et al. The affective underpinnings of job perceptions and attitudes: a meta-analytic review and integration. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(6):914–945. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epitropaki O, Martin R. From ideal to real: a longitudinal study of the role of implicit leadership theories on leader-member exchanges and employee outcomes. J Appl Psychol. 2005;90(4):659–676. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frone MR, Kern JH, Grandey AA. Verbal abuse from outsiders versus insiders: comparing frequency, impact on emotional exhaustion, and the role of emotional labor. J Occup Health Psychol. 2007;12(1):63–79. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.12.1.63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Addae HM, Wang X. Stress at work: linear and curvilinear effects of psychological-, job-, and organization-related factors: an exploratory study of trinidad and tobago. Int J Stress Manage. 2006;13(4):476–493. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.13.4.476
   Google Scholar
• Saks AM, Ashforth BE. A longitudinal investigation of the relationships between job information sources, applicant perceptions of fit, and work outcomes. Pers Psychol. 1997;50(2):395–426. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1997.tb00913.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somers MJ. The combined influence of affective, continuance and normative commitment on employee withdrawal. J Vocat Behav. 2009;74(1):75–81. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan DS, Akhtar S. Organizational commitment and experienced burnout: an exploratory study from a Chinese cultural perspective. Int J Organ Anal. 1998;6(4):310–333. doi:10.1108/eb028889
   Google Scholar
• Falguera CC, De los Santos JAA, Galabay JR, et al. Relationship between nurse practice environment and work outcomes: a survey study in the Philippines. Int J Nurs Pract. 2021;27(1):e12873. doi:10.1111/ijn.12873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faremi FA, Olatubi MI, Adeniyi KG, et al. Assessment of occupational related stress among nurses in two selected hospitals in a city southwestern Nigeria. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2019;10:68–73. doi:10.1016/j.ijans.2019.01.008
   Google Scholar
• Vivian E, Oduor H, Arceneaux SR, et al. A cross-sectional study of perceived stress, mindfulness, emotional self-regulation, and self-care habits in registered nurses at a tertiary care medical center. SAGE Open Nurs. 2019;5. doi:10.1177/2377960819827472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De los Santos JAA, Labrague LJ. Impact of COVID-19 on the psychological well-being and turnover intentions of frontline nurses in the community: A cross-sectional study in the Philippines. Traumatology; 27(1):52–59. Doi:10.1037/trm0000294.
   Google Scholar
• Uludağ G, Taşdöven H, Dönmez M. Polis adaylarının mesleki kaygı düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2014;18(2):75–94.
   Google Scholar
• Osberg L, Sharpe A. How should we measure the ‘economic’ aspects of well-being? Rev Inc Wealth. 2005;51(2):311–336. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00156.x
   Google Scholar
• Frey BS, Stutzer A. What can economists learn from happiness research? J Econ Lit. 2002;40(2):402–435. doi:10.1257/jel.40.2.402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. Am Psychol. 2000;55(1):68–78. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Şimşek ÖF. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş (Introduction to structural equation modeling): Temel İlkeler ve LISREL Uygulamaları (Basic Principals and LISREL Applications). Ankara-Türkiye: Ekinoks; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Barlow DH. Disorders of emotion. Psychol Inq. 1991;2(1):58–71. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0201_15
   Google Scholar
• Cosmides L, Tooby J. Evolutionary psychology and the emotions. Handb Emot. 2000;2(2):91–115. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2000.2.2/asschachter
   Google Scholar
• Ekman P. Emotions revealed: recognizing faces and feelings to improve communication and emotional life. New York (NY): Times Books; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Lee SA. Coronavirus anxiety scale: a brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Stud. 2020;44(7):393–401. doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çelik M, Turunç Ö, Bilgin N. Çalişanlarin örgütsel adalet algilarinin psikolojik sermaye üzerine etkisi: çalişanlarin iyilik halinin düzenleyici rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2014;16(4):559–585. doi:10.16953/deusbed.25259
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg DP. The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire: A technique for the identification and assessment of non-psychotic psychiatric illness. London: Oxford U. Press; 1972.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the general health questionnaire. Psychol Med. 1979;9(1):139–145. doi:10.1017/S0033291700021644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline RB. Software review: software programs for structural equation modeling: Amos, EQS, and LISREL. J Psychoeduc Assess. 1998;16(4):343–364. doi:10.1177/073428299801600407
   Google Scholar
• Lok JJ, Bosch RJ. Causal organic indirect and direct effects: closer to Baron and Kenny, with a product method for binary mediators. Epidemiology [Internet]; 2021 [cited 2022 Feb 18]. Available from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.04697.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51(6):1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar