Modelling Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Metal Mixtures

REFERENCES

• Barata , C , Baird , D J Nogueira , A JA . 2006 . Toxicity of binary mixtures of metals and pyrethroid insecticides to Daphnia magna Straus. Implications for multi-substance risks assessment . Aquat Toxicol , 78 : 1 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliss , C I . 1939 . The toxicity of poisons applied jointly . Ann Appl Biol , 26 : 585 – 615 .
   Google Scholar
• Borgmann , U , Norwood , W P and Dixon , D G . 2004 . Re-evaluation of metal bioaccumulation and chronic toxicity in Hyalella azteca using saturation curves and the biotic ligand model . Environ Poll , 131 : 469 – 84 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borgmann , U , Norwood , W P and Dixon , D G . 2005 . Effect of major ions on the toxicity of copper to Hyalella azteca and implications for the biotic ligand model. Aquat . Toxicol , 73 : 268 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Brooks , M L , Boese , C J and Meyer , J S . 2006 . Complexation and time-dependent accumulation of copper by larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas): Implications for modeling toxicity . Aquat Toxicol , 78 : 42 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , B E . 1982 . The form and function of metal-containing “granules” in invertebrate tissues . Biol Rev , 57 : 621 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buck , K N and Bruland , K W . 2005 . Copper speciation in San Francisco Bay: A novel approach using multiple analytical windows . Mar Chem , 96 : 185 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Cabral , C P . 2001 . Toxicology of Metal Mixtures (Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni) to the Aquatic Invertebrate Hyalella azteca. , M.Sc. Thesis Waterloo, ON, , Canada : University of Waterloo .
   Google Scholar
• Craig , A , Hare , L and Tessier , A . 1999 . Experimental evidence for cadmium uptake via calcium channels in the aquatic insect Chironomus staegeri . Aquat Toxicol , 44 : 255 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Schamphelaere , K AC and Janssen , C R . 2002 . A biotic ligand model predicting acute copper toxicity for Daphnia magna: The effects of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and pH . Environ Sci Technol , 36 : 48 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Toro , D M , Allen , H E Bergman , H L . 2001 . Biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals. 1. Technical basis . Environ Toxicol Chem , 20 : 2383 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faust , M , Altenburger , R Backhaus , T . 2003 . Joint algal toxicity of 16 dissimilarly acting chemicals is predictable by the concept of independent action . Aquat Toxicol , 63 : 43 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finney , D J . 1952 . Probit Analysis , London, UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Grosell , M , Nielsen , C and Bianchini , A . 2002 . Sodium turnover rate determines sensitivity to acute copper and silver exposure in freshwater animals . Comp Biochem Physiol C-Toxicol Pharmacol , 133 : 287 – 303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heijerick , D G , De Schamphelaere , K AC and Janssen , C R . 2002 . Predicting acute zinc toxicity for Daphnia magna as a function of key water chemistry characteristics: Development and validation of a biotic ligand model . Environ Toxicol Chem , 21 : 1309 – 15 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laidler , K J and Bunting , P S . 1973 . The Chemical Kinetics of Enzyme Action. , Second Edition , Oxford, UK : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Meador , J . 2006 . Rationale and procedures for using the tissue-residue approach for toxicity assessment and determination of tissue, water, and sediment quality guidelines for aquatic organisms . Hum Ecol Risk Assess , 12 : 1018 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niyogi , S and Wood , C M . 2004 . Biotic ligand model, a flexible tool for developing site-specific water quality guidelines for metals . Environ Sci Technol , 38 : 6177 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norwood , W P , Borgmann , U Dixon , D G . 2003 . Effects of metal mixtures on aquatic biota: A review of observations and methods . Hum Ecol Risk Assess , 9 : 795 – 811 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norwood , W P , Borgmann , U and Dixon , D G . 2007 . Interactive effects of metals in mixtures on bioaccumulation in the amphipod Hyalella azteca . Aquat Toxicol , 84 : 255 – 67 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Playle , R C . 1998 . Modelling metal interactions at fish gills . Sci Total Environ , 219 : 147 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Playle , R C . 2004 . Using multiple metal-gill binding models and the toxic unit concept to help reconcile multiple-metal toxicity results . Aquat Toxicol , 67 : 359 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ra , J S , Lee , B C Chang , N I . 2006 . Estimating the combined toxicity by two-step prediction model on the complicated chemical mixtures from wastewater treatment plant effluents . Environ Toxicol Chem , 25 : 2107 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rainbow , P S and Black , W H . 2005 . Cadmium, zinc and the uptake of calcium by two crabs, Carcinus maenas Eriocheir sinensis . Aquat Toxicol , 72 : 45 – 65 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silverman , R B . 2000 . The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions , San Diego, CA, , USA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sprague , J B . 1970 . Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish. II. Utilizing and applying bioassay results . Water Res , 4 : 3 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , G B . 1960 . Calculus and Analytic Geometry. , Third Edition , Reading, MA, , USA : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) . 2007 . Aquatic Life Ambient Freshwater Quality Criteria—Copper, 2007 Revision Washington, DC, , USA EPA-822-R-07-001
   Google Scholar
• van Wezel , A P , de Vries , D AM Sum , D THM . 1996 . Use of the lethal body burden in the evaluation of mixture toxicity . Ecotoxicol Environ Saf , 35 : 236 – 41 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilkinson , G N . 1961 . Statistical estimations in enzyme kinetics . Biochem J , 80 : 324 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar