Investigating Factors Affecting Unit-to-Unit Variability in Non-Systemic Pesticide Residues by Stochastic Simulation Modelling

REFERENCES

• Alder , L , Korth , W AL , Patey . 2001 . Estimation of measurement uncertainty in pesticide residue analysis . J AOEC Internat , 84 : 1569 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambrus , A . 1996 . Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues . J Environ Sci Health Part B—Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes , B31 : 435 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Ambrus , A . 2000a . Measurement of uncertainty in pesticide residue analysis: Implications in legal limits . Italian J Food Sci , 12 : 259 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambrus , A . 2000b . Within and between field variability of residue data and sampling implications . Food Additives Contam , 17 : 519 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambrus , A . 2004 . Reliability of measurements of pesticide residues in food . Accred Qual Assurance , 9 : 288 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambrus , A . 2006 . Variability of pesticide residues in crop units . Pest Manage Sci , 62 : 693 – 714 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambrus , A and Soboleva , E . 2004 . Contribution of sampling to the variability of pesticide residue data . J AOEC Internat , 87 : 1368 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruhn , J A and Fry , W E . 1983 . Weathering of chlorothalonil residues in a potato canopy . Phytopathology , 71 : 205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldas , E , Jardim , A A , Ambrus . 2006 . Variability of organophosphorus insecticide residues in large size crops grown in commercial farms in Brazil . Food Additives Contam , 23 : 148 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross , J , Walklate , P R , Murray . 2001a . Spray deposits and losses in different sized apple trees from an axial fan orchard sprayer: 1. Effects of spray liquid flow rate . Crop Protect , 20 : 13 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross , J , Walklate , P R , Murray . 2001b . Spray deposits and losses in different sized apple trees from an axial fan orchard sprayer: 2. Effects of spray quality . Crop Protect , 20 : 333 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubus , I G , Brown , C D and Beulke , S . 2003 . Sources of uncertainty in pesticide fate modelling . Sci Total Environ , 317 : 53 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization) . 1997 . Food Consumption and Exposure Assessment of Chemicals , 1 – 70 . Geneva, , Switzerland : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Cruz , M L , Grimalt , S Villarroya , M . 2006 . Residue levels of captan and trichlorfon in field-treated kaki fruits, individual versus composite samples, and after household processing . Food Additives Contam , 23 : 591 – 600 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank , R , Northover , J and Braun , H E . 1985 . Persistence of captan on apples, grapes, and pears in Ontario, Canada 1981–1983 . J Agriculture, Food and Chem , 33 : 514 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank , R , Braun , H E and Ritcey , G . 1987 . Disappearance of captan from field-grown and greenhouse-grown tomato fruit in relationship to time of harvest and amount of rainfall . Canadian J Plant Sci , 67 : 355 – 7 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamey , P Y . 2000 . A practical application of probabilistic modelling in assessment of dietary exposure of fruit consumers to pesticide residues . Food Additives Contam , 17 : 601 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , C A . 2000 . How the variability issue was uncovered: The history of the UK residue variability findings . Food Additives Contam , 17 : 491 – 5 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , C A and Davis , T J . 1998 . Unit to unit variation of pesticide residues in celery, plums and kiwi fruit , 1 – 62 . Pesticide Safety Directorate .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , A RC . 2000 . Residue variability and sampling—Practical problems and consequences for residues monitoring . Food Additives Contam , 17 : 539 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , A RC and Reynolds , S L . 2002 . Unit-to-unit variability of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables . Food Additives Contam , 19 : 733 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huo , R F , Salazar , J D Hyder , K . 2007 . Modelling non-systemic pesticides residues in fruits with initial deposit variability and weather effects . Food Additive Contam , 24 : 1257 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy , K N , Locke , M A and Bryson , C T . 1994 . Foliar washoff and runoff losses of lactofen, norflurazon, and fluometuron under simulated rainfall . J Agricultural Food Chem , 42 : 2338 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , F D and MacHardy , W E . 1984 . The retention and redistribution of captan on apple foliage . Phytopathology , 74 : 884 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travis , J W . 1987a . Effects of canopy density on pesticide deposition and distribution in apple trees . Plant Disease , 71 : 613 – 5 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travis , J W . 1987b . Effects of travel speed, application volume, and nozzle arrangement on deposition and distribution of pesticides in apple trees . Plant Disease , 71 : 606 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organization) . 1997 . Food, Consumption, and Exposure Assessment of Chemicals 1 – 70 . Report of a FAO/WHO Consultation, Geneva, Switzerland, 10–14 February
   Google Scholar
• Xu , X-M , Wu , P-H Thorbek , P . 2006 . Variability of initial spray deposit in apple trees in space and time . Pesticide Manag Sci , 62 : 947 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , X-M , Murray , R A Salazar , J D . 2007a . The effects of temperature, humidity and rainfall on captan decline on apple leaves and fruit in controlled environment conditions . Pest Manage Sci , 64 : 296 – 307 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , X-M , Murray , R A JD , Salazar . 2007b . The temporal pattern of captan residues on apple leaves and fruit under field conditions in relation to weather and canopy structure . Pest Manage Sci , 64 : 565 – 578 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar