A Review and Evaluation of Plant Protection Product Ranking Tools Used in Agriculture

REFERENCES

• Adriaenssens , V , De Baets , B Goethals , P LM . 2004 . Fuzzy rule-based models for decision support in ecosystem management . Sci Total Environ , 319 ( 1–3 ) : 1 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alister , C and Kogan , M . 2005 . ERI. Environmental risk index. A simple proposal to select agrochemicals for agricultural use . Crop Prot , 25 : 202 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Babut , M P , Delmas , H Bray , M . 2006 . Characterizing the risks to aquatic ecosystems: A tentative approach in the context of freshwater dredged material disposal . Integr Environ Assess Manag , 2 : 330 – 43 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baun , A , Eriksson , E Ledin , A . 2006 . A methodology for ranking and hazard identification of xenobiotic organic compounds in urban stormwater . Sci Total Environ , 370 : 29 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergkvist . 2004 . “ Pesticide Risk Indicators at National Level and Farm Level ” . Available at http://www.kemi.se/upload/Trycksaker/Pdf/PM/PM6_04.pdf, (accessed July 10, 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Bowles , R G and Webster , J PG . 1995 . Some problems associated with the analysis of the costs and benefits of pesticides . Crop Prot , 14 ( 7 ) : 593 – 600 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , D , Hart , A Lewis , K A . 2003 . p-EMA (1): Simulating the environmental fate of pesticides for a farm-level risk assessment system . Agronomie , 23 : 67 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Brüggemann , R , Bücherl , C Pudenz , S . 1999 . Application of the concept of partial order on comparative evaluation of environmental chemicals . Acta Hydroch Hydrob , 27 ( 3 ) : 170 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• CAE (Center for Agriculture in the Environment) . 2006 . “ Risk Indicators ” . Available at http://www.aftresearch.org/ipm/risk/index.php, (accessed September 10, 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Calliera , M , Finizio , A Azimonti , G . 2006 . Harmonised pesticide risk trend indicator for food (HAPERITIF): The methodological approach . Pest Manag Sci , 62 : 1168 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CEC (Commission of the European Communities) . 1994 . Council Directive 94/43/EC. Establishing Annex VI to Directive 91/414/EEC . Official Journal of the European Communities number L 227, Luxembourg, September 1, 1994 , : 31
   Google Scholar
• CEC . 2006 . “ Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Pesticides ” . Available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ppps/pdf/com_2006_0372.pdf, (accessed May 30, 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Claeys , S , Vagenende , B De Smet , B . 2005 . The POCER indicator: A decision tool for non agricultural pesticide use . Pest Manag Sci , 61 : 779 – 86 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CLM . 2008 . “ Centre for Agriculture and Environment ” . Available at http://www.milieumeetlat.nl/index.en, (accessed August 12, 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Coffey , R , Cummins , E Cormican , C M . 2007 . Microbial exposure assessment of waterborne pathogens . Hum Ecol Risk Assess , 13 : 1313 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross , P and Edwards-Jones , G . 2006 . Variation in pesticide hazard from arable crop production in Great Britain from 1992 to 2002: Pesticide risk indices and policy Analysis . Crop Prot , 25 ( 10 ) : 1101 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Cummins , E. 2009 . “ Food safety management ” . In Biosystems Engineering. United States of America , Edited by: Nag , A . 309 – 24 . New York, NY, , USA : McGraw Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , G A and Swanson , M . 1994 . Comparative Evaluation of Chemical Ranking and Scoring Methodologies , Knoxville, TN, , USA : University of Tennessee Center of Clean Products and Clean Technologies .
   Google Scholar
• Den Hollander , H , Van Eijkeren , J CH and Van De Meent , D . 2004 . SimpleBox 3.0: Multimedia mass balance model for evaluating the fate of chemicals in the environment (no. report 601200003a/2004) , Bilthoven, , The Netherlands : RIVM .
   Google Scholar
• De Schampheleire , M , Spanoghe , P Brusselman , E . 2007 . Risk assessment of pesticide spray drift damage in Belgium . Crop Prot , 26 ( 4 ) : 602 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Guardo , A , Calamari , D Zanin , G . 1994 . A fugacity model of pesticide runoff to surface water: Development and validation . Chemosphere , 28 : 511 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• EUROPA . 2009 . “ Sustainable Use of Pesticides. European Commission Environment ” . Available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ppps/home.htm, (accessed May 5, 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Dunn , A M . 2009 . A relative risk ranking of selected substances on Canada's national pollutant release inventory . Hum Ecol Risk Assess , 15 : 579 – 603 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari , F , Klein , M Capri , E . 2005 . Prediction of pesticide volatilization with PELMO 3.31 . Chemosphere , 60 ( 5 ) : 705 – 13 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferraro , D O , Ghersa , C M and Sznaider , G A . 2003 . Evaluation of environmental impact indicators using fuzzy logic to assess the mixed cropping systems of the Inland Pampa, Argentina . Agric Ecosyst Environ , 96 ( 1–3 ) : 1 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finizio , A , Calliera , M and Vighi , M . 2001 . Rating systems for pesticide risk classification on different ecosystems . Ecotoxicol Environ Saf , 49 ( 3 ) : 262 – 74 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fomsgaard , I and Sørensen , P B . 1999 . “ The Hasse diagram ” . In Comparing Environmental Risk Indicators for Pesticides. Results of the CAPER Project. Report CLM 426–1999 , Utrecht, , The Netherlands : Centre for Agriculture & Environment .
   Google Scholar
• Furlong , J. 1995 . EC approach to environmental risk assessment of new Substances . Sci Total Environ , 171 : 275 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greitens , TJ and Day , E . 2006 . An alternative way to evaluate the environmental effects of integrated pest management: Pesticide risk indicators . Food Syst , 23 ( 3 ) : 213 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Giraldo , S E and Fuentes , H R . Development of a contaminant ranking model in Florida (USA) and its transfer to protect groundwater supplies in Latin American & Caribbean . Sustainable Engineering and Construction Management Track–Paper No. 123. Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology (LACCEI’2004). Miami, Florida, USA ,
   Google Scholar
• Gustafson , DI. 1989 . Groundwater ubiquity score: A simple method for assessing pesticide leachability . Environ Toxicol Chem , 8 : 339 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutsche , V and Rossberg , D . 1997 . SYNOPS 1.1: A model to assess and to compare the environmental risk potential of active ingredients in plant protection products . Agric Ecosyst Environ , 64 ( 2 ) : 181 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Halberg , N , Verschuur , G and Goodlass , G . 2004 . Farm level environmental indicators: Are they useful?: An overview of green accounting systems for European farms . Agric Ecosyst Environ , 105 ( 1–2 ) : 195 – 212 .
   Google Scholar
• Halfon , E I , Galassi , S Brüggemann , R . 1996 . Selection of priority properties to assess environmental hazard of pesticides . Chemosphere , 33 ( 8 ) : 1543 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , B G , Van Haelst , A G Van Leeuwen , K . 1999 . Hazard risk assessment: Priority setting for existing chemical. European Union risk ranking method . Environ Toxicol Chem , 19 ( 9 ) : 772 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• IEH (Institute for Environment and Health) . 2004 . A Review of Prioritisation Methodologies for Screening Chemicals with Potential Human Health Effects as a Result of Low-Level Exposure , Leicester, , UK : Web Report W13, MRC Institute for Environment and Health . Available at http://www.le.ac.uk/ieh/, (accessed July 12, 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Juraske , R , Anton , A Castells , F . 2007 . PestScreen: A screening approach for scoring and ranking pesticides by their environmental and toxicological concern . Environ Int , 33 : 886 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovach , J , Petzoldt , C and Tette , J . 1992 . “ A method to measure the environmental impact of pesticides ” . In New York's Food Life Sci. Bull. 139 , Geneva, NY, , USA : New York State Agricultural Experiment Station .
   Google Scholar
• Ledin , A , Eriksson , E Flygare , S . 2007 . Selection of priority pollutants in the city of Malmö, Sweden. Novatec 2007, session 7.3 1475 – 82 . Available at http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/, (accessed March 30, 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Ledin , A , Eriksson , E and Wahlberg , C. 2008 . “ Selection of priority pollutants for Stockholm city—Real life application of CHIAT ” . In DayWater: An Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management , Edited by: Thévenot , D . 201 – 11 . London, , UK : IWA Publishing . ISBN 9781843391609
   Google Scholar
• Lerche , D and Sørensen , P B . 2003 . Evaluation of the ranking probabilities for partial orders based on random linear extensions . Chemosphere , 53 ( 8 ) : 981 – 92 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lerche , D , Matsuzaki , S Y Sørensen , P B . 2004 . Ranking of chemical substances based on the Japanese Pollutant Release and Transfer Register using partial order theory and random linear extensions . Chemosphere , 55 ( 7 ) : 1005 – 25 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levita , L , Merwin , I and Kovach , J . 1995 . Assessing the relative impacts of agricultural pesticides: The quest for a holistic method . Agr Ecosyst Environ , 55 ( 3 ) : 153 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Levitan , L. 1997 . An overview of pesticide impact assessment systems. Indexing or ranking pesticides by environmental impact. Workshop on Pesticides Risk Indicators. April 21–23, 1997 , Copenhague, , Denmark : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Levitan , L. 2000 . How “to” and “why’’: Assessing the enviro-social impacts of pesticides . Crop Prot , 19 : 629 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , K A and Bardon , K S . 1998 . A computer-based informal environmental management system for agriculture . Environ Modell Softw , 13 ( 2 ) : 123 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Low , F , Lin , H-M Gerard , J A . 2004 . Ranking the risk of pesticide dietary intake . Pest Manag Sci , 60 : 842 – 8 . (online: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.904/abstract2004)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maud , J , Edwards-Jones , G and Quin , F . 2001 . Comparative evaluation of pesticide risk indices for policy development and assessment in the United Kingdom . Agric Ecosyst Environ , 86 : 59 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R R , Summer , C L Blonde , S A . 2002 . SCRAM: A scoring and ranking system for persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances for the North American Great Lakes—Resulting chemical scores and rankings . Hum Ecol Risk Assess , 8 ( 3 ) : 537 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munn , S J and Hansen , B G . 2002 . EU risk assessment: Science and policy . Toxicology , 181–2 : 281 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen , E , Ostergaard , G and Larsen , JC . 2008 . “ Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals: A Practical Guide. Informa Health Care Publishing ” . New York, NY, , USA
   Google Scholar
• OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) . 2000 . “ Report of the OECD Pesticide Aquatic Risk Indicators, Expert Group (2000) ” . Available at http://www.oecd.org, (accessed August 25, 2009)
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 2004a . Guidance Document on the Use of Multimedia Model for Estimating Overall Environmental Persistence and Long-Range Transport; Series on Testing and Assessment 45 , Paris, , France : OECD Environment, Health and Safety Publications .
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 2004b . “ Summary Report of the OECD Project on Pesticide Terrestrial Risk Indicators (TERI) ” . Available at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/53/59/34896939.pdf, (accessed 30 March 30, 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Olaru , C and Wehenkel , L . 2003 . A complete fuzzy decision tree technique . Fuzzy Set Syst , 138 : 221 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padovani , L , Trevisan , M and Capri , E . 2004 . A calculation procedure to assess potential environmental risk of pesticides at the farm level . Ecol Indicat , 4 : 111 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavlis , M , Cummins , E and McDonnell , K . 2010 . Groundwater vulnerability assessment of plant protection products: A review . Hum Ecol Risk Assess , 16 ( 3 ) : 621 – 650 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payraudeau , S and Van Der Werf , H MG . 2005 . Environmental impact assessment for a farming region: A review of methods . Agric Ecosyst Environ , 107 : 1 – 2 . 1 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peche , R and Rodríguez , E . 2009 . Environmental impact assessment procedure: A new approach based on fuzzy logic . Environ Impact Asses , 29 ( 5 ) : 275 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Reus , JAWA and Leendertse , P C . 2000 . The environmental yardstick for pesticides: A practical indicator used in the Netherlands . Crop Prot , 19 ( 8–10 ) : 637 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Reus , J , Leendertse , P Bockstaller , C . 2002 . Comparison and evaluation of eight pesticide environmental risk indicators developed in Europe and recommendations for future use . Agric Ecosyst Environ , 90 ( 2 ) : 177 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• RIVM (Institute for Public Health and the Environment) . 2007 . “ End Products of HAIR Project ” . Available at http://www.rivm.nl/rvs/risbeoor/Modellen/Results_of_HAIR_project.jsp, (accessed March 30, 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Roussel , O , Cavelier , A and Van Der Werf , H MG . 2000 . Adaptation and use of a fuzzy expert system to assess the environmental effect of pesticides applied to field crops . Agric Ecosyst Environ , 80 : 1 – 2 . 143 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Bayo , F and Goka , K . 2006 . Ecological effects of the insecticide imidacloprid and a pollutant from antidandruff shampoo in experimental rice fields . Environ Toxicol Chem , 25 ( 6 ) : 1677 – 87 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sánchez-Bayo , F , Baskaran , S and Kennedy , I R . 2002 . Ecological relative risk (EcoRR): Another approach for risk assessment of pesticides in agriculture . Agric Ecosyst Environ , 91 : 37 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz , R , Thiere , G and Dabrowski , J A . 2002 . A combined microcosm and field approach to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of azinphos-methyl to stream communities . Environ Toxicol Chem , 21 ( 10 ) : 2172 – 8 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharpley , A N , McDowell , R W and Kleinman , P JA . 2001 . Phosphorus loss from land to water: Integrating agricultural and environmental management . Plant Soil , 237 : 287 – 307 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatkin , J A , Andreas , I Apul , D S . 2004 . “ A proposed framework for multinational comparative risk analysis: Pesticide use, impacts and management. Report of the Comparative Risk Assessment Methods Workgroup ” . In Comparative Risk Assessment and Environmental Decision Making. Comparative Risk Assessment and Environmental Decision Making , Edited by: Linkov , I and Bakr Ramadan , A . 149 Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Snyder , E M , Snyder , S A Giesy , J P . 2000 . SCRAM: A scoring and ranking system for persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances for the North American Great Lakes . Environ Sci Pollut R , 7 ( 1 ) : 51 – 61 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stenrød , M , Heggen , H E Bolli , R I . 2007 . Testing and comparison of three pesticide risk indicator models under Norwegian conditions—A case study in the Skuterud and Heiabekken catchments . Agric Ecosyst Environ , 123 : 15 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Swanson , M B and Socha , A C . 1997 . Chemical ranking and scoring: Guidelines for relative assessments of chemicals . SETAC Press , Pensacola, Florida, pp. 154
   Google Scholar
• Swanson , M B , Davis , G A Kincaid , L E . 1997 . A screening method for ranking and scoring chemical by potential human health and environment impacts . Environ Toxicol Chem , 16 ( 2 ) : 372 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevisan , M , DiGuardo , A and Balderacchi , M . 2009 . An environmental indicator to drive sustainable pest management practices . Environ. Modell Softw , 24 ( 8 ) : 994 – 1002 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USDA (US Department of Agriculture) . 2008 . Privacy Impact Assessment Windows Pesticide Screening Tool (WINPST) , Natural Resources Conservation Service . Available at http://www.usda.gov/documents/CPD-Windows_Pesticide_Screening_Tool(WIN-PST)PIA.pdf, (accessed May 4, 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Werf , H MG and Zimmer , C . 1998 . An indicator of pesticide environmental impact based on a fuzzy expert system . Chemosphere , 36 : 2225 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Haelst , A G and Hansen , B G . 2000 . Priority setting for existing chemicals: Automated data. Selection routine . Environ Toxicol Chem , 19 ( 9 ) : 2372 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen , C J , Bro-Rasmussen , F Feijtel , T CJ . 1996 . Risk assessment and management of new and existing chemicals . Environ Toxicol Pharm , 2 : 243 – 299 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Zelm , R , Huijbregts , M AJ and D. Van de Meent , D . 2009 . USES-LCA 2.0—A global nested multi-media fate, exposure, and effects model . Int J Life Cycle Assess , 14 ( 3 ) : 282 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vercruysse , F and Steurbaut , W . 2002 . The pesticide occupational and environmental risk indicator . Crop Prot , 21 ( 4 ) : 307 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Verhoeven , J TW , Wossink , G AA and Reus , JAWA . 1994 . An environmental yardstick in farm economic modeling of future pesticide use: The case of arable farming . Neth J Agr Sci , 42–4 : 331 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Vermeire , T and Van Der Zandt , E . 1995 . Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction procedures of hazard and risk assessment , Edited by: Leeuwen , C J and Hermens , J LM . Dordrecht/Boston/London : Kluwer Academic Publishers . pp. 293–337
   Google Scholar
• Walker , PT. 1983 . Crop losses: The need to quantify the effects of pests, diseases and weeds on agricultural production . Agric Ecosyst Environ , 9 ( 2 ) : 119 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , S , Shea , D and Cope , G . 2005 . “ Development of a Standardized Process for Ranking and Prioritizing Contaminants in the Contaminant Assessment Process ” . Available at http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/pdfs/SRP_1205Final.pdf, (accessed June 12, 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Whiteside , M , Mineau , P Morrison , C . 2008 . Comparison of a score-based approach with risk-based ranking of in-use agricultural pesticides in Canada to aquatic receptors . IEAM , 4 ( 2 ) : 215 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organization) . 1998 . The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 1988–1989 , Geneva, , Switzerland : Division of Vector Biology and Control .
   Google Scholar