Updated Risk/Benefit Analysis of Fish Consumption Effects on Neurodevelopment: Implications for Setting Advisories

REFERENCES

• Axelrad DA, Bellinger DC, Ryan LM, et al. 2007. Dose-response relationship of prenatal mercury exposure and IQ: An integrative analysis of epidemiologic data. Environ Health Perspect 115:609–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch EE, Garfield S, Castañeda Y, et al. 2007. Visual acuity and cognitive outcomes at 4 years of age in a double-blind, randomized trial of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid-supplemented infant formula. Early Hum Dev 83:279–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budtz-Jorgensen E, Debes F, Weihe P, et al. 2005. Adverse mercury effects in 7 year old children expressed as loss in “IQ.” Report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0056-6046. . Available at http://www.regulations.gov (accessed August 1, 2014)
   Google Scholar
• Campoy C, Escolano-Margarit MV, Anjos T, et al. 2012. Omega 3 fatty acids on child growth, visual acuity and neurodevelopment. Br J Nutr 107 Suppl 2:S85–106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen MY, Wong WW, Chung SW, et al. 2014. Quantitative risk-benefit analysis of fish consumption for women of child-bearing age in Hong Kong. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 31:48–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi AL, Mogensen UB, Bjerve KS, et al. 2014. Negative confounding by essential fatty acids in methylmercury neurotoxicity associations. Neurotoxicol Teratol 42:85–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury R, Warnakula S, Kunutsor S, et al. 2014. Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 160:398–406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen JT, Bellinger DC, and Shaywitz BA. 2005a. A quantitative analysis of pre-natal methyl mercury exposure and cognitive development. Am J Prev Med 29:353–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen JT, Bellinger DC, Connor WE, et al. 2005b. A quantitative analysis of pre-natal intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognitive development. Am J Prev Med 29:366–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen JT, Bellinger DC, Connor WE, et al. 2005c. A quantitative risk-benefit analysis of changes in population fish consumption. Am J Prev Med 29:325–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crump KS, Kjellström T, Shipp AM, et al. 1998. Influence of prenatal mercury exposure upon scholastic and psychological test performance: Benchmark analysis of a New Zealand cohort. Risk Anal 18:701–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels JL, Longnecker MP, Rowland AS, et al. 2004. Fish intake during pregnancy and early cognitive development of offspring. Epidemiology 15:394–402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deroma L, Parpinel M, Tognin V, et al. 2013. Neuropsychological assessment at school-age and prenatal low-level exposure to mercury through fish consumption in an Italian birth cohort living near a contaminated site. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 216:486–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dziechciarz P, Horvath A, and Szajewska H. 2010. Effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and/or lactation on neurodevelopment and visual function in children: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Nutr 29:443–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ethier AA, Muckle G, Bastien C, et al. 2012. Effects of environmental contaminant exposure on visual brain development: A prospective electrophysiological study in school-aged children. Neurotoxicology 33(5):1075–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO/WHO. 2010. Joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on the risks and benefits of fish consumption. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 978 FIPM/R978. Available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/ba0136e/ba0136e00.pdf (accessed July 15, 2014)
   Google Scholar
• Fleith M, and Clandinin MT. 2005. Dietary PUFA for preterm and term infants: Review of clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 45:205–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles GE, Mahoney CR, and Kanarek RB. 2013. Omega-3 fatty acids influence mood in healthy and depressed individuals. Nutr Rev 71:727–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginsberg GL, and Toal BF. 2009. Quantitative approach for incorporating methylmercury risks and omega-3 fatty acid benefits in developing species-specific fish consumption advice. Environ Health Perspect 117:267–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gochfeld M, and Burger J. 2005. Good fish/bad fish: A composite benefit-risk by dose curve. Neurotoxicology 26:511–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandjean P, Weihe P, White RF, et al. 1997. Cognitive deficit in 7 year old children with prenatal exposure to methylmercury. Neurotoxicol Teratol 19:417–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumpricht E, and Rockway S. 2013. Can ω-3 fatty acids and tocotrienol-rich vitamin E reduce symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders? Nutrition 30:733–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibbeln JR, Davis JM, Steer C, et al. 2007. Maternal seafood consumption in pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood (ALSPAC study): An observational cohort study. Lancet 369:578–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2006. Seafood Choices: Balancing Benefits and Risks. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA
   Google Scholar
• Jedrychowski W, Perera F, Jankowski J, et al. 2007. Fish consumption in pregnancy, cord blood mercury level and cognitive and psychomotor development of infants followed over the first three years of life: Krakow epidemiologic study. Environ Int 33:1057–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karimi R, Fitzgerald TP, and Fisher NS. 2012. A quantitative synthesis of mercury in commercial seafood and implications for exposure in the United States. Environ Health Perspect 120:1512–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lederman SA, Jones RL, Caldwell KL, et al. 2008. Relation between cord blood mercury levels and early child development in a World Trade Center cohort. Environ Health Perspect 116:1085–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llop S, Guxens M, Murcia M, et al. 2012. Prenatal exposure to mercury and infant neurodevelopment in a multicenter cohort in Spain: Study of potential modifiers. Am J Epidemiol 175:451–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loring, PA, Duffy LK, and Murray MS. 2010. A risk-benefit analysis of wild fish consumption for various species in Alaska reveals shortcomings in data and monitoring needs. Science of the Total Environ 408:4532–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahaffey KR, Clickner RP, and Jeffries RA. 2008. Methylmercury and omega-3 fatty acids: Co-occurrence of dietary sources with emphasis on fish and shellfish. Environ Res 107:20–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahaffey KR, Sunderland EM, Chan HM, et al. 2011. Balancing the benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risks of methylmercury exposure from fish consumption. Nutr Rev 69:493–508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makrides M. 2013. DHA supplementation during the perinatal period and neurodevelopment: Do some babies benefit more than others? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 88:87–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques RC, Bernardi JV, Dórea JG, et al. 2014. Perinatal multiple exposure to neurotoxic (lead, methylmercury, ethylmercury, and aluminum) substances and neurodevelopment at six and 24 months of age. Environ Pollut 187:130–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowell MA, Dillon CF, Osterloh J, et al. 2004. Hair mercury levels in U.S. children and women of childbearing age: Reference range data from NHANES 1999-2000. Environ Health Perspect 112:1165–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meldrum SJ, D’Vaz N, Simmer K, et al. 2012. Effects of high-dose fish oil supplementation during early infancy on neurodevelopment and language: A randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 108:1443–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle LW, Makrides M, et al. 2012. Docosahexaenoic acid and visual functioning in preterm infants: A review. Neuropsychol Rev 22:425–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers GJ, Davidson PW, Cox C, et al. 2003. Prenatal methylmercury exposure from ocean fish consumption in the Seychelles child development study. Lancet 361:1686–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oken E, Kleinman KP, Berland WE, et al. 2003. Decline in fish consumption among pregnant women after a national mercury advisory. Obstet Gynecol 102:346–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oken E, Radesky JS, Wright RO, et al. 2008. Maternal fish intake during pregnancy, blood mercury levels, and child cognition at age 3 years in a US cohort. Am J Epidemiol 167:1171–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oken E, Wright RO, Kleinman KP, et al. 2005. Maternal fish consumption, hair mercury and infant cognition in a U.S. cohort. Environ Health Perspect 113:1376–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orenstein ST, Thurston SW, Bellinger DC, et al. 2014, July 25. Prenatal organochlorine and methylmercury exposure and memory and learning in school-age children in communities near the New Bedford Harbor superfund site, Massachusetts. Environ Health Perspect 122(11):1253–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petre SJ, Sackett DK, Aday DD. Do national advisories serve local consumers: an assessment of mercury in economically important North Carolina fish. J Environ Monit. 14:1410–16
   Google Scholar
• Querques G, and Souied EH. 2014, January 27. The role of omega-3 and micronutrients in age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol. pii: S0039–6257. (14)00023-X. . doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.01.001
   Google Scholar
• Ramakrishnan U, Stein AD, Parra-Cabrera S, et al. 2010. Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy on gestational age and size at birth: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Mexico. Food Nutr Bull 31(2 Suppl):S108–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rheinberger CM, and Hammitt JK. 2012. Risk trade-offs in fish consumption: A public health perspective. Environ Sci Technol 46:12337–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers LK, Valentine CJ, and Keim SA. 2013. DHA supplementation: Current implications in pregnancy and childhood. Pharmacol Res 70:13–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose SA, and Feldman JF. 1995. Prediction of IQ and specific cognitive abilities at 11 years from infancy measures. Dev Psychol 31:685–96
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagiv SK, Thurston SW, Bellinger DC, et al. 2012. Prenatal exposure to mercury and fish consumption during pregnancy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related behavior in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 166:1123–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smithers LG, Gibson RA, McPhee A, et al. 2008. Higher dose of docosahexaenoic acid in the neonatal period improves visual acuity of preterm infants: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 88:1049–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern AH. 2007. Public health guidance on cardiovascular benefits and risks related to fish consumption. Environ Health 23(6)31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern AH, and Korn LR. 2011. An approach for quantitatively balancing methylmercury risk and omega-3 benefit in fish consumption advisories. Environ Health Perspect 119:1043–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens DK, McDonald K, and Bishop N. 2009. Are lake trout from Flathead Lake Montana USA “safe” to eat? An integrated mercury risk evaluation study. Environmental Bioindicators 4:303–17
   Google Scholar
• Strain JJ, Davidson PW, Thurston SW, et al. 2012. Maternal PUFA status but not prenatal methylmercury exposure is associated with children's language functions at age five years in the Seychelles. J Nutr 142:1943–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki K, Nakai K, Sugawara T, et al. 2010. Neurobehavioral effects of prenatal exposure to methylmercury and PCBs, and seafood intake: Neonatal behavioral assessment scale results of Tohoku study of child development. Environ Res 110:699–704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchiya A, Hardy J, Burbacher TM, et al. 2008. Fish intake guidelines: incorporating n-3 fatty acid intake and contaminant exposure in the Korean and Japanese communities. Am J Clin Nutr 87:1867–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture). 2010. Nutrient Composition of Foods. Available at http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/consumers/all-about-food/nutrient-composition-foods (accessed July 15, 2014)
   Google Scholar
• USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2000. Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories. Office of Water. EPA 823-B-00-008. . Available at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/fishshellfish/techguidance/risk/upload/2009_04_23_fish_advice_volume2_v2cover.pdf (accessed July 15, 2014)
   Google Scholar
• USFDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2009. Draft Report of Quantitative Risk and Benefit Assessment of Consumption of Commercial Fish, Focusing on Fetal Neurodevelopmental Effects (Measured by Verbal Development in Children) and on Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in the General Population. Available at http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/Metals/ucm088794.htm (accessed July 15, 2014)
   Google Scholar
• USFDA. 2014. Quantitative Assessment of the Net Effects on Fetal Neurodevelopment from Eating Commercial Fish (As Measured by IQ and also by Early Age Verbal Development in Children). Available at http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/Metals/ucm393211.htm (accessed July 15, 2014)
   Google Scholar
• Valent F, Mariuz M, Bin M, et al. 2013. Associations of prenatal mercury exposure from maternal fish consumption and polyunsaturated fatty acids with child neurodevelopment: A prospective cohort study in Italy. J Epidemiol 23:360–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Goor SA, Dijck-Brouwer DA, Erwich JJ, et al. 2011. The influence of supplemental docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids during pregnancy and lactation on neurodevelopment at eighteen months. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 84:139–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeilmaker MJ, Hoekstra J, van Eijkeren JC, et al. 2013. Fish consumption during child bearing age: a quantitative risk-benefit analysis on neurodevelopment. Food Chem Toxicol 54:30–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar