Water quality and Human Health Risk Assessment: a case study of the Czarna Przemsza River source in Zawiercie, Poland

References

• Adamiec E. 2017. Chemical fractionation and mobility of traffic-related elements in road environments. Environ Geochem Health 39(6):1457–1468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aleksander-Kwaterczak U and Ciszewski D. 2016. Pollutant dispersal in groundwater and sediments of gaining and losing river reaches affected by metal mining. Environ Earth Sci 75:95. doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4859-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aleksander-Kwaterczak U and Helios-Rybicka E. 2009. Contaminated sediments as a potential source of Zn, Pb, and Cd for a river system in the historical metalliferous ore mining and smelting industry area of South Poland. J Soils Sediment 9:13–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2018. Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) – For Professionals. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls/index.asp, Accessed July 17th, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• BMŚ. 2017. The state of the environment in the Śląskie Voivodeship in 2016. Inspekcja Ochrony Środowiska. Wojewódzki Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska w Katowicach. Biblioteka Monitoringu Środowiska, Katowice (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• Cabala J, Krupa P, and Misz-Kennan M. 2009. Heavy metals in mycorrhizal rhizospheres contaminated by Zn–Pb mining and smelting around Olkusz in Southern Poland. Water Air Soil Pollut 199:139–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciszewski D, Kubsik U, and Aleksander-Kwaterczak U. 2012. Long-term dispersal of heavy metals in a catchment affected by historic lead and zinc mining. J Soils Sediments 12:1445–62. doi:10.1007/s11368-012-0558-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Flora S, Camoirano A, Bagnasco M, et al. 1997. Estimates of the chromium(VI) reducing capacity in human body compartments as a mechanism for attenuating its potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. Carcinogenesis 18(3):531–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dmuchowski W, Gworek B, Gozdowski D, et al. 2011. Air pollution with heavy metals in the area of zinc and lead smelter in Bukowno near Olkusz. Przemysł Chemiczny 90(2):223–228 (in Polish).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DWD (Drinking Water Directive). 1998. Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption (OJ L 330).
   Google Scholar
• Dziubanek G, Piekut A, Rusin M, et al. 2015. Contamination of food crops grown on soils with elevated heavy metals content. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 118:183–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2010. EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM), Scientific Opinion on Lead in Food. EFSA J 8(4):1570. http://www.efsa.europa.eu. Accessed 28 July 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Fabijańczyk P and Zawadzki J. 2012. Impact of shallowly deposited ore-bearing dolomites on local soil pollution aureoles of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in an old mining area. J Soils Sediments 12:1389–1395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimeno-García E, Andreu V, and Boluda R. 1996. Incidence of heavy metals in the application of inorganic fertilizers to rice farming soils (Valencia, Spain). In: Rodriguez-Barrueco C (eds), Fertilizers and Environment. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 66, pp 491–3. Springer, Dordrecht.
   Google Scholar
• Górecka E. 1993. Geological setting of the Silesian-Cracow Zn-Pb deposits. Geol Q 37(2):127–146.
   Google Scholar
• Guéguen C and Dominik J. 2003. Partitioning of trace metals between particulate, colloidal and truly dissolved fractions in a polluted river: the Upper Vistula River (Poland). Appl Geochem 18:457–470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HC (Health Canada). 2017. Guidelines for Canadian drinking water quality – summary table. Water and Air Quality Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
   Google Scholar
• Helios-Rybicka E. 1996. Impact of mining and metallurgical industries on the environment in Poland. Appl Geochem 11:3–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jabłońska-Czapla M, Nocoń K, Szopa S, et al. 2016. Impact of the Pb and Zn ore mining industry on the pollution of the Biała Przemsza River, Poland. Environ Monit Assess 188:262. doi:10.1007/s10661-016-5233-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jończy I and Gawor Ł. 2017. Coal mining and post-metallurgic dumping grounds and their connections with exploitation of raw materials in the region of Ruda Śląska. Arch Min Sci 62(2):301–11. doi:10.1515/amsc-2017-0023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komorowicz I and Barałkiewicz D. 2016. Determination of total arsenic and arsenic species in drinking water, surface water, wastewater, and snow from Wielkopolska, Kujawy-Pomerania, and Lower Silesia provinces, Poland. Environ Monit Assess 188:504. doi:10.1007/s10661-016-5477-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosior G, Samecka‐Cymerman A, and Brudzińska‐Kosior A. 2018. Transplanted moss Hylocomium splendens as a bioaccumulator of trace elements from different categories of sampling sites in the Upper Silesia area (SW Poland): bulk and dry deposition impact. B Environ Contam Tox 101:479–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nacke H, Gonçalves AC, Schwantes D, et al. 2013. Availability of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, and Cr) in Agriculture. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 64:537–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment). 2009. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Technical Support Document for Cancer Potencies. Appendix B. Chemical-specific summaries of the information used to derive unit risk and cancer potency values. Updated 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Pasieczna A, Dusza-Dobek A, and Markowski W. 2010. Influence of hard coal mining and metal smelting on quality of Biała Przemsza and Bobrek Rivers water. Górnictwo i Geologia 5(4):181–90 (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• Pastuszka JS, Rogula-KozłowskaW, and Zajusz-Zubek E. 2010. Characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 and associated heavy metals at the crossroads and urban background site in Zabrze, Upper Silesia, Poland, during the smog episodes. Environ Monit Assess 168:613–627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piekut A, Baranowska R, Marchwińska-Wyrwał E, et al. 2018. Is the soil quality monitoring an effective tool in consumers’ protection of agricultural crops from cadmium soil contamination? A case of the Silesia region (Poland). Environ Monit Assess 190:25. doi:10.1007/s10661-017-6413-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PN-EN ISO 10304-1:2009/AC:2012. Water quality – determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions – Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate.
   Google Scholar
• PN-EN ISO 11885:2009. Water quality – determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
   Google Scholar
• PN-EN ISO 17294-1:2007. Water quality – use of inductively induced plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) – Part 1: General guidelines (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• PN-EN ISO 17294-2:2006. Water quality – use of inductively induced plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) – Part 2: Determination of 62 elements (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• PN-EN ISO 17993:2005. Water quality – Determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in water by HPLC with fluorescence detection after liquid-liquid extraction.
   Google Scholar
• PN-EN ISO 6468:2002. Water quality – determination of certain organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorobenzenes – gas chromatographic method after liquid-liquid extraction.
   Google Scholar
• PN-EN ISO 7027:2003. Water quality – determination of turbidity.
   Google Scholar
• PN-EN ISO 7899-2:2004. Water quality – detection and enumeration of intestinal enterococci – Part 2: Membrane filtration method.
   Google Scholar
• PN-EN ISO 9308-2:2014. Water quality – enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria – Part 2: Most probable number method (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• PN-ISO 5667-14:2004. Water quality – water sampling part 14: Guidance on quality assurance and quality control of environmental water sampling and handling.
   Google Scholar
• Postawa A and Motyka J. 2018. Selected trace elements and metals in groundwater within Permian sediments near Olkusz (Zn-Pb ore mining region, S Poland). Environ Sci Pollut R https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-018-2953-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RMŚ. 2002. Regulation of the Minister of Environment of November 27th 2002 on the requirements to be met by surface waters used to supply the population with water intended for consumption (Journal of Law no. 204, item 1728, 2002) (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• RMŚ. 2016. Regulation of the Minister of Environment of July 21st 2016 on the way of classifying the status of water bodies and environmental quality standards for priority substances (Journal of Law, item 1187, 2016) (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• RMZ. 2017. Regulation of the Minister of Health of December 7th 2017 on the quality of water intended for human consumption (Journal of Law, item 2294, 2017) (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• Strzebońska M, Jarosz-Krzemińska E, and Adamiec E. 2017. Assessing historical mining and smelting effects on heavy metal pollution of river systems over span of two decades. Water Air Soil Pollut 228:141. doi:10.1007/s11270-017-3327-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szalińska E. 2018 Water quality and management changes over the history of Poland. B Environ Contam Tox 100:26–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczepańska J and Twardowska I. 1999. Distribution and environmental impact of coal-mining wastes in Upper Silesia, Poland. Environ Geol 38(3):249–258.
   Google Scholar
• Szuwarzyński M. 1993. The lead and zinc ore deposits in the vicinity of Chrzanów. Geol Q 37(2):209–228.
   Google Scholar
• Trojanowska M and Świetlik R. 2012. Heavy metals cadmium, nickel and arsenic environmental inhalation hazard of residents of Polish cities. Medycyna Środowiskowa – Environ Med 15(2):33–41 (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• Tyszka R, Kierczak J, Pietranik A, et al. 2014. Extensive weathering of zinc smelting slag in a heap in Upper Silesia (Poland): potential environmental risks posed by mechanical disturbance of slag deposits. App Geochem 40:70–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 1989. Risk assessment guidance for superfund. Vol. 1: Human health evaluation manual. Part A. Interim final. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, US EPA, Washington, USA.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 1998. Method 6020B: Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry; Revision 2; EPA, Washington, DC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Guidance for performing aggregate exposure and risk assessments. Office of Office of Pesticide Programs, US EPA, Washington, USA.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. 2012 Edition of the drinking water standards and health advisories. EPA 822-S-12-001. Office of Water US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 2017. Regional Screening Level (RSL) Summary Table (TR =1E–6, HQ =1), June 2017. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Vaněk A, Chrastný V, Komárek M, et al. 2013. Geochemical position of thallium in soils from a smelter-impacted area. J Geochem Explor 124:176–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wcisło E, Bronder J, Bubak A, et al. 2016. Human health risk assessment in restoring safe and productive use of abandoned contaminated sites. Environ Int 94:436–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. 2017. Guidelines for drinking-water quality: fourth edition incorporating the first addendum. World Health Organization, Geneva. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
   Google Scholar
• Yari M, Rahimi G, Ebrahimi E, et al. 2017. Effect of three types of organic fertilizers on the heavy metals transfer factor and maize biomass from commercial fertilizers. Waste Biomass Valor 8:2681–2691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakrzewska M and Klimek B. 2018. Trace element concentrations in tree leaves and lichen collected along a metal pollution gradient near Olkusz (Southern Poland). B Environ Contam Tox 100:245–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar