Health risk assessment and source identification of groundwater arsenic contamination using agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis in selected sites from upper Eastern parts of Punjab province, Pakistan

References

• Ali W, Aslam MW, Feng C, Junaid M, Ali K, Li S, Chen Z, Yu Z, Rasool A, Zhang H. 2019. Unraveling prevalence and public health risks of arsenic, uranium and co-occurring trace metals in groundwater along riverine ecosystem in Sindh and Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Geochem Health. 41(5):2223–2238. doi:10.1007/s10653-019-00278-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arain M, Kazi T, Baig J, Jamali M, Afridi H, Shah A, Jalbani N, Sarfraz R. 2009. Determination of arsenic levels in lake water, sediment, and foodstuff from selected area of Sindh, Pakistan: estimation of daily dietary intake. Food Chem Toxicol. 47(1):242–248. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aziz S, Ain W, Majeed R, Khan MA, Qayum I, Ahmed I, Hosain K. 2012. Growth centile charts (anthropometric measurement) of Pakistani pediatric population. JPMA. 62:367.
   Google Scholar
• Basharat M, Tariq A-u-R. 2013. Spatial climate variability and its impact on irrigated hydrology in a canal command. Arab J Sci Eng. 38(3):507–522. doi:10.1007/s13369-012-0336-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benner SG, Fendorf S. 2010. Arsenic in south Asia groundwater. Geography Compass. 4(10):1532–1552. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2010.00387.x
   Google Scholar
• Biswas A, Nath B, Bhattacharya P, Halder D, Kundu AK, Mandal U, Mukherjee A, Chatterjee D, Mörth C-M, Jacks G. 2012. Hydrogeochemical contrast between brown and grey sand aquifers in shallow depth of Bengal Basin: consequences for sustainable drinking water supply. Sci Total Environ. 431:402–412. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bondu R, Cloutier V, Rosa E, Benzaazoua M. 2017. Mobility and speciation of geogenic arsenic in bedrock groundwater from the Canadian Shield in western Quebec, Canada. Sci Total Environ. 574:509–519. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brahman KD, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Arain SS, Kazi AG, Talpur FN, Baig JA, Panhwar AH, Arain MS, Ali J. 2016. Toxic risk assessment of arsenic in males through drinking water in Tharparkar Region of Sindh, Pakistan. Biol Trace Element Res. 172:61–71. doi:10.1007/s12011-015-0567-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchhamer EE, Blanes PS, Osicka RM, Giménez MC. 2012. Environmental risk assessment of arsenic and fluoride in the Chaco Province, Argentina: Research advances. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A. 75(22-23):1437–1450. doi:10.1080/15287394.2012.721178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coomar P, Mukherjee A, Bhattacharya P, Bundschuh J, Verma S, Fryar AE, Ramos Ramos OE, Muñoz MO, Gupta S, Mahanta C, et al. 2019. Contrasting controls on hydrogeochemistry of arsenic-enriched groundwater in the homologous tectonic settings of Andean and Himalayan basin aquifers, Latin America and South Asia. Sci Total Environ. 689:1370–1387. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elumalai V, Brindha K, Sithole B, Lakshmanan E. 2017. Spatial interpolation methods and geostatistics for mapping groundwater contamination in a coastal area. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 24(12):11601–11617. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-8681-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farooqi A, Masuda H, Firdous N. 2007. Toxic fluoride and arsenic contaminated groundwater in the Lahore and Kasur districts, Punjab, Pakistan and possible contaminant sources. Environ Pollut. 145(3):839–849. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.05.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farooqi A, Masuda H, Kusakabe M, Naseem M, Firdous N. 2007. Distribution of highly arsenic and fluoride contaminated groundwater from east Punjab, Pakistan, and the controlling role of anthropogenic pollutants in the natural hydrological cycle. Geochem J. 41(4):213–234. doi:10.2343/geochemj.41.213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fendorf S, Michael HA, van Geen A. 2010. Spatial and temporal variations of groundwater arsenic in South and Southeast Asia. Science. 328(5982):1123–1127. doi:10.1126/science.1172974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giménez-Forcada E. 2014. Space/time development of seawater intrusion: A study case in Vinaroz coastal plain (Eastern Spain) using HFE-Diagram, and spatial distribution of hydrochemical facies. J Hydrol. 517:617–627. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenman DW, Bennett GD, Swarzenski WV. 1967. Ground-water hydrology of the Punjab, West Pakistan, with emphasis on problems caused by canal irrigation. US Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Guo Q, Guo H, Yang Y, Han S, Zhang F. 2014. Hydrogeochemical contrasts between low and high arsenic groundwater and its implications for arsenic mobilization in shallow aquifers of the northern Yinchuan Basin, PR China. J Hydrol. 518:464–476. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johannesson KH, Yang N, Trahan AS, Telfeyan K, Mohajerin TJ, Adebayo SB, Akintomide OA, Chevis DA, Datta S, White CD. 2019. Biogeochemical and reactive transport modeling of arsenic in groundwaters from the Mississippi River delta plain: An analog for the As-affected aquifers of South and Southeast Asia. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 264:245–272. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2019.07.032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Singh CK. 2020. Arsenic enrichment in groundwater and associated health risk in Bari doab region of Indus basin, Punjab, India. Environ Pollut. 256:113324doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, Yang Q, Yang Y, Xie C, Ma H. 2020. Hydrogeochemical controls on arsenic contamination potential and health threat in an intensive agricultural area, northern China. Environ Pollut. 256:113455. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik A, Parvaiz A, Mushtaq N, Hussain I, Javed T, Rehman HU, Farooqi A. 2020. Characterization and role of derived dissolved organic matter on arsenic mobilization in alluvial aquifers of Punjab, Pakistan. Chemosphere. 251:126374. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McArthur JM. 2019. Arsenic in groundwater, groundwater development and management. Springer international publsihing, p. 279–308.
   Google Scholar
• Muhammad S, Shah MT, Khan S. 2010. Arsenic health risk assessment in drinking water and source apportionment using multivariate statistical techniques in Kohistan region, northern Pakistan. Food Chem Toxicol. 48(10):2855–2864. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee A, Fryar AE. 2008. Deeper groundwater chemistry and geochemical modeling of the arsenic affected western Bengal basin, West Bengal, India. Appl Geochem. 23(4):863–894. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.07.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mushtaq N, Younas A, Mashiatullah A, Javed T, Ahmad A, Farooqi A. 2018. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic evaluation of groundwater with elevated arsenic in alkaline aquifers in Eastern Punjab, Pakistan. Chemosphere. 200:576–586. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nafees AA, Kazi A, Fatmi Z, Irfan M, Ali A, Kayama F. 2011. Lung function decrement with arsenic exposure to drinking groundwater along River Indus: a comparative cross-sectional study. Environ Geochem Health. 33(2):203–216. doi:10.1007/s10653-010-9333-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naseem S, McArthur JM. 2018. Arsenic and other water‐quality issues affecting groundwater, I ndus alluvial plain, P akistan. Hydrol Processes. 32(9):1235–1253. doi:10.1002/hyp.11489
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickson R, McArthur J, Shrestha B, Kyaw-Myint T, Lowry D. 2005. Arsenic and other drinking water quality issues, Muzaffargarh District, Pakistan. Appl Geochem. 20(1):55–68. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolli HB, Bundschuh J, Blanco MdC, Tujchneider OC, Panarello HO, Dapeña C, Rusansky JE. 2012. Arsenic and associated trace-elements in groundwater from the Chaco-Pampean plain, Argentina: results from 100 years of research. Sci Total Environ. 429:36–56. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolli HB, Bundschuh J, García JW, Falcón CM, Jean J-S. 2010. Sources and controls for the mobility of arsenic in oxidizing groundwaters from loess-type sediments in arid/semi-arid dry climates - evidence from the Chaco-Pampean plain (Argentina)). Water Res. 44(19):5589–5604. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokkamthanam AS, Riederer AM, Anchala R. 2011. Risk assessment of ingestion of arsenic-contaminated water among adults in Bandlaguda, India. J Health Pollut. 1(1):8–15. doi:10.5696/jhp.v1i1.21
   Google Scholar
• Postma D, Trang PTK, Sø HU, Van Hoan H, Lan VM, Thai NT, Larsen F, Viet PH, Jakobsen R. 2016. A model for the evolution in water chemistry of an arsenic contaminated aquifer over the last 6000 years, Red River floodplain, Vietnam. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 195:277–292. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.09.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puri S, Villholth KG. 2018. Governance and management of transboundary aquifers. KG Villholth, E. López-Gunn, KL Conti, A. Garrido, & Van der Gun, J.(Eds.), Advances in groundwater governance, p. 367–388. CRC Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Rabbani U, Mahar G, Siddique A, Fatmi Z. 2017. Risk assessment for arsenic-contaminated groundwater along River Indus in Pakistan. Environ Geochem Health. 39(1):179–190. doi:10.1007/s10653-016-9818-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasool A, Farooqi A, Xiao T, Masood S, Kamran MA, Bibi S. 2016. Elevated levels of arsenic and trace metals in drinking water of Tehsil Mailsi, Punjab, Pakistan. J Geochem Explor. 169:89–99. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.07.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasool A, Xiao T, Farooqi A, Shafeeque M, Liu Y, Kamran MA, Katsoyiannis IA, Eqani SAMAS. 2017. Quality of tube well water intended for irrigation and human consumption with special emphasis on arsenic contamination at the area of Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Geochem Health. 39(4):847–863. doi:10.1007/s10653-016-9855-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanjrani M, Mek T, Sanjrani N, Leghari S, Moryani H, Shabnam A. 2017. Current situation of aqueous arsenic contamination in Pakistan, focused on Sindh and Punjab Province, Pakistan: A review. J Pollut Eff Cont. 05(04):2. doi:10.4172/2375-4397.1000207
   Google Scholar
• Shahab A, Qi S, Zaheer M. 2019. Arsenic contamination, subsequent water toxicity, and associated public health risks in the lower Indus plain, Sindh province, Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 26(30):30642–30662. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-2320-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheikhy Narany T, Ramli MF, Aris AZ, Sulaiman WNA, Juahir H, Fakharian K. 2014. Identification of the hydrogeochemical processes in groundwater using classic integrated geochemical methods and geostatistical techniques, in Amol-Babol Plain, Iran. Sci World J. 2014:1–15. doi:10.1155/2014/419058
   Google Scholar
• Smedley P, Kinniburgh D. 2002. A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Appl Geochem. 17(5):517–568. doi:10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00018-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith RL, Kent DB, Repert DA, Böhlke J. 2017. Anoxic nitrate reduction coupled with iron oxidation and attenuation of dissolved arsenic and phosphate in a sand and gravel aquifer. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 196:102–120. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.09.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasamoorthy K, Gopinath M, Chidambaram S, Vasanthavigar M, Sarma V. 2014. Hydrochemical characterization and quality appraisal of groundwater from Pungar sub basin, Tamilnadu, India. J King Saud Univ Sci. 26(1):37–52. doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2013.08.001
   Google Scholar
• Sultana J, Farooqi A, Ali U. 2014. Arsenic concentration variability, health risk assessment, and source identification using multivariate analysis in selected villages of public water system, Lahore, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess. 186(2):1241–1251. doi:10.1007/s10661-013-3453-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USEPA. 2011. Exposure factors handbook: 2011 edition. USEPA Office of Research and Development, Washington DC.
   Google Scholar
• van Geen A, Farooqi A, Kumar A, Khattak JA, Mushtaq N, Hussain I, Ellis T, Singh CK. 2019. Field testing of over 30,000 wells for arsenic across 400 villages of the Punjab plains of Pakistan and India: Implications for prioritizing mitigation. Sci Total Environ. 654:1358–1363. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Geen A, Zheng Y, Goodbred S, Horneman A, Aziz Z, Cheng Z, Stute M, Mailloux B, Weinman B, Hoque MA, et al. 2008. Flushing history as a hydrogeological control on the regional distribution of arsenic in shallow groundwater of the Bengal Basin. Environ Sci Technol. 42(7):2283–2288., doi:10.1021/es702316k
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallis I, Prommer H, Berg M, Siade AJ, Sun J, Kipfer R. 2020. The river–groundwater interface as a hotspot for arsenic release. Nat Geosci. 13(4):288–295. doi:10.1038/s41561-020-0557-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waqas H, Shan A, Khan YG, Nawaz R, Rizwan M, Rehman MS-U, Shakoor MB, Ahmed W, Jabeen M. 2017. Human health risk assessment of arsenic in groundwater aquifers of Lahore, Pakistan. Human Ecol Risk Assess. 23(4):836–850. doi:10.1080/10807039.2017.1288561
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao J, Jin Z, Wang J, Zhang F. 2015. Hydrochemical characteristics, controlling factors and solute sources of groundwater within the Tarim River Basin in the extreme arid region, NW Tibetan Plateau. Quat Int. 380-381:237–246. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie X, Wang Y, Su C, Liu H, Duan M, Xie Z. 2008. Arsenic mobilization in shallow aquifers of Datong Basin: hydrochemical and mineralogical evidences. J Geochem Explor. 98(3):107–115. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar