2,339
Views
30
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

The Stigmatizing Effect of Visual Media Portrayals of Obese Persons on Public Attitudes: Does Race or Gender Matter?

, &
Pages 805-826 | Published online: 11 Apr 2013

References

  • Andreoni , J. , & Petrie , R. ( 2008 ). Beauty, gender, and stereotypes: Evidence from laboratory experiments . Journal of Economic Psychology , 29 , 73 – 93 . doi: 10.1016/j.joep.2007.07.008
  • Andreyeva , T. , Puhl , R. M. , & Brownell , K. D. ( 2008 ). Changes in perceived weight discrimination among Americans: 1995–1996 through 2004–2006 . Obesity , 16 , 1129 – 1134 .
  • Arguete , M. S. , Yates , A. , & Edman , J. ( 2006 ). Gender differences in attitudes about fat . North American Journal of Psychology , 8 ( 1 ), 183 – 192 .
  • Ashmore , J. A. , Friedman , K. E. , Reichmann , S. K. , & Musante , G. J. ( 2008 ). Weight-based stigmatization, psychological distress, & binge eating behavior among obese treatment-seeking adults . Eating Behaviors , 9 , 203 – 209 .
  • Bacon , J. G. , Scheltema , K. E. , & Robinson , B. E. ( 2001 ). Fat Phobia Scale revisited: The short form . International Journal of Obesity , 25 , 252 – 257 .
  • Boero , N. ( 2007 ). All the news that's fat to print: The American “obesity epidemic” and the media . Qualitative Sociology , 30 ( 1 ), 41 – 60 .
  • Bonfiglioli , M. F. , Smith , B. J. , King , L. A. , Chapman , S. F. , & Holding , S. J. ( 2007 ). Choice and voice: Obesity debates in television news . Medical Journal of Australia , 187 , 442 – 445 .
  • Brownell , K. D. , Puhl , R. M. , Schwartz , M. B. , & Rudd , L. (Eds.). ( 2005 ). Weight bias: Nature, consequences, and remedies . New York , NY : Guilford Press .
  • Carels , R. A. , Young , K. M. , Wott , C. B. , Harper , J. , Gumble , A. , & Hobbs , M. W. ( 2009 ). Internalized weight stigma and its ideological correlates among weight loss treatment seeking adults . Eating and Weight Disorders , 14 ( 2–3 ), 92 – 97 .
  • Centers for Disease Control, & Prevention . ( 2008 , June 20 ). Defining overweight and obesity. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/defining.htm
  • Crandall , C. S. , & Reser , A. H. ( 2005 ). Attributions and weight-based prejudice . In K. D. Brownell , R. M. Puhl , M. B. Schwartz , & L. Rudd (Eds.), Weight bias: Nature, consequences, and remedies ( 83 – 96 ). New York , NY : Guilford Press .
  • Durso , L. E. , & Latner , J. D. ( 2008 ). Understanding self-directed stigma: Development of the weight bias internalization scale . Obesity , 16 , S80 – S86 .
  • Fouts , G. , & Burggraf , K. ( 1999 ). Television situation comedies: Female body images and verbal reinforcements . Sex Roles , 40 , 473 – 481 .
  • Fouts , G. , & Burggraf , K. ( 2000 ). Television situation comedies: Female weight, male negative comments, and audience reactions . Sex Roles , 42 , 925 – 932 .
  • Fouts , G. , & Vaughan , K. ( 2002 ). Television situation comedies: Male weight, negative references, and audience reactions . Sex Roles , 46 , 439 – 442 .
  • Gibson , R. , & Zillman , D. ( 2000 ). Reading between the photographs: The influence of incidental pictorial information on issue perception . Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , 77 , 355 – 366 .
  • Goffman , E. ( 1974 ). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Gorber , S. C. , Tremblay , M. , Moher , D. , & Gorber , B. ( 2007 ). A comparison of direct vs. self-report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: A systematic review . Obesity Reviews , 9 , 307 – 326 .
  • Gray , W. N. , Simon , S. L. , Janicke , D. M. , & Dumont-Driscoll , M. ( 2011 ). Moderators of weight-based stigmatization among youth who are overweight and non-overweight: The role of gender, race, and body dissatisfaction . Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics , 32 , 110 – 116 .
  • Greenberg , B. S. , Eastin , M. , Hofshire , L. , Lachlan , K. , & Brownell , K. D. (2003). Portrayals of overweight and obese persons in commercial television. American Journal of Public Health , 93, 1342–1348.
  • Harrison , K. ( 2000 ). Televisions viewing, fat stereotyping, body shape standards, and eating disorder symptomatology in grade school children . Communication Research , 27 , 617 – 640 .
  • Hebl , M. R. , King , E. B. , & Perkins , A. ( 2009 ). Ethnic differences in the stigma of obesity: Identification and engagement with a thin ideal . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 45 , 1165 – 1172 .
  • Herbozo , S. , Tantleff-Dunn , S. , Gokee-Larose , J. , & Thompson , J. K. ( 2004 ). Beauty and thinness messages in children's media: A content analysis . Eating Disorders , 12 ( 1 ), 21 – 34 .
  • Heuer , C. , McClure , K. , & Puhl , R. M. ( 2011 ). Obesity stigma in online news: A visual content analysis . Journal of Health Communication , 16 , 976 – 987 . doi: 10.1080/10810730.2011.561915
  • Himes , S. M. , & Thompson , J. K. ( 2007 ). Fat stigmatization in television shows and movies: A content analysis . Obesity , 15 , 712 – 718 .
  • Johnson , S. K. , Podratz , K. E. , Dipboye , R. L. , & Gibbons , E. ( 2010 ). Physical attractiveness biases in ratings of employment suitability: Tracking down the “Beauty is Beastly” effect . The Journal of Social Psychology , 150 , 301 – 318 . doi: 10.1080/00224540903365414
  • Kim , S.-H. , & Willis , L. A. ( 2007 ). Talking about obesity: News framing of who is responsible for causing and fixing the problem . Journal of Health Communication , 12 , 359 – 376 .
  • Klein , H. , & Shiffman , K. S. ( 2005 ). Thin is “in” and stout is “out”: What animated cartoons tell viewers about body weight . Eating and Weight Disorders , 10 , 107 – 116 .
  • Klein , H. , & Shiffman , K. S. ( 2006 ). Messages about physical attractiveness in animated cartoons . Body Image , 3 , 353 – 363 .
  • Latner , J. D. , Rosewall , J. K. , & Simmonds , M. B. ( 2007 ). Childhood obesity stigma: Association with television, videogame, and magazine exposure . Body Image , 4 , 147 – 155 .
  • Lawrence , R. G. ( 2004 ). Framing obesity: The evolution of news discourse on a public health issue . The International Journal of Press/Politics , 9 ( 3 ), 56 – 75 .
  • Lin , L. , & Reid , K. ( 2009 ). The relationship between media exposure and antifat attitudes: The role of dysfunctional appearance beliefs . Body Image , 6 ( 1 ), 52 – 55 .
  • Major , L. H. ( 2009 ). Break it to me harshly: The effects of intersecting news frames in lung cancer and obesity coverage . Journal of Health Communication , 14 , 174 – 188 .
  • McClure , K. , Puhl , R. M. , & Heuer , C. A. ( 2011 ). Obesity in the news: Do photographic images of obese persons influence anti-fat attitudes? Journal of Health Communication , 16 , 359 – 371 . doi: 10.1080/10810730.2010.535108
  • Messaris , P. , & Abraham , L. ( 2001 ). The role of images in framing news stories . In S. Reese , O. Gandy , & A. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life ( 215 – 226 ). Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Nelson , T. E. , Oxley , Z. M. , & Clawson , R. A. ( 1997 ). Toward a psychology of framing effects . Political Behavior , 19 , 221 – 246 .
  • Ogden , C. L. , Carroll , M. D. , Curtin , L. R. , McDowell , M. A. , Tabak , C. J. , & Flegal , K. M. ( 2006 ). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004 . JAMA , 295 , 1549 – 1555 .
  • Perez-Lopez , M. S. , Lewis , R. J. , & Cash , T. F. ( 2001 ). The relationship of antifat attitudes to other prejudicial and gender-related attitudes . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 31 , 683 – 669 .
  • Popan , J. R. , Kenworthy , J. B. , Barden , M. A. , & Griffiths , J. ( 2010 ). Intergroup bias in weight controllability attributions . Group Processes & Intergroup Relations , 13 , 319 – 328 .
  • Puhl , R. M. , Andreyeva , T. , & Brownell , K. D. ( 2008 ). Perceptions of weight discrimination: Prevalence and comparison to race and gender discrimination in America . International Journal of Obesity , 32 , 992 – 1000 .
  • Puhl , R. M. , & Brownell , K. D. ( 2001 ). Bias, discrimination, and obesity . Obesity Research , 9 , 788 – 905 .
  • Puhl , R. M. , & Brownell , K. D. ( 2003 ). Ways of coping with obesity stigma: Conceptual review and analysis . Eating Behaviors , 4 , 53 – 78 .
  • Puhl , R. M. , Heuer , C. , & Sarda , V. (2011). Framing messages about weight discrimination: Impact on public suport for legislation. International Journal of Obesity , 35, 863–872.
  • Puhl , R. M. , & Heuer , C. A. ( 2009 ). The stigma of obesity: A review and update . Obesity , 17 , 941 – 964 .
  • Puhl , R. M. , & Heuer , C. A. ( 2010 ). Obesity stigma: Important considerations for public health . American Journal of Public Health , 100 , 1019 – 1028 .
  • Puhl , R. M. , & Heuer , C. A. ( 2011 ). Public opinion about laws to prohibit weight discrimination in the United States . Obesity , 19 ( 1 ), 74 – 82 .
  • Puhl , R. M. , Moss-Racusin , C. A. , & Schwartz , M. B. ( 2007 ). Internalization of weight bias: Implications for binge eating and emotional well-being . Obesity , 15 ( 1 ), 19 – 23 .
  • Puhl , R. M. , Peterson , J. L. , & Luedicke , J. ( 2012 ). Motivating or stigmatizing? Public perceptions of language about weight used by health providers . International Journal of Obesity . doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.110
  • Puhl , R. M. , Wharton , C. , & Heuer , C. A. ( 2009 ). Weight bias among dietetics students: Implications for treatment practices . Journal of the American Dietetic Association , 109 , 438 – 444 .
  • Rich , E. , & Evans , J. ( 2005 ). “Fat ethics”—The obesity discourse and body politics . Social Theory and Health , 3 , 341 – 358 .
  • Robinson , T. , Callister , M. , & Jankoski , T. ( 2008 ). Portrayal of body weight on children's television sitcoms: A content analysis . Body Image , 5 , 141 – 151 .
  • Roehling , M. V. , Roehling , P. V. , & Pichler , S. ( 2007 ). The relationship between body weight and perceived weight-related employment discrimination: The role of sex and race . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 71 , 300 – 318 .
  • Schwartz , M. B. , Vartanian , L. R. , Nosek , B. A. , & Brownell , K. D. ( 2006 ). The influence of one's own body weigt on implicit and explicit anti-fat bias . Obesity , 14 , 440 – 447 .
  • U.S. Census Bureau . ( 2011a ). General demographic characteristics. 2009 Population Estimates Retrieved from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?-ds_name=PEP_2009_EST&-qr_name=PEP_2009_EST_DP1&-geo_id=01000US
  • U.S. Census Bureau . ( 2011b ). Money income of households—Percent distribution by income level, race, and Hispanic origin in constant (2008) dollars: 1980–2008. Income, Expenditures, Poverty, and Wealth, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2011/tables/11s0689.pdf
  • Vartanian , L. R. , & Novak , S. A. ( 2010 ). Internalized societal attitudes moderate the impact of weight stigma on avoidance of exercise . Obesity , 19 , 757 – 762 . doi: doi:10.1038/oby.2010.234
  • Vartanian , L. R. , & Shaprow , J. G. ( 2008 ). Effects of weight stigma on exercise motivation and behavior: A preliminary investigation among college-aged females . Journal of Health Psychology , 13 ( 1 ), 131 – 138 .
  • Wang , S. S. , Brownell , K. D. , & Schwartz , M. B. ( 2004 ). The influence of the stigma of obesity on overweight individuals . International Journal of Obesity , 28 ( 1 ), 1333 – 1337 .
  • Weiner , B. , Perry , R. P. , & Magnusson , J. ( 1988 ). An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 55 , 738 – 748 .
  • Zillman , D. , Gibson , R. , & Sargent , S. L. ( 1999 ). Effects of photographs in news-magazine reports on issue perception . Media Psychology , 1 , 207 – 228 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.