1,037
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Attitudinal Ambivalence as a Protective Factor Against Junk Food Advertisements: A Moderated Mediation Model of Behavioral Intention

&

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.
  • Albarracín, D., Johnson, B. T., Fishbein, M., & Muellerleile, P. A. (2001). Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 142–161.
  • Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behavior: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471–499.
  • Armitage, C. J., Povey, R., & Arden, M. A. (2003). Evidence for discontinuity patterns across the stages of change: A role for attitudinal ambivalence. Psychology and Health, 18, 373–386.
  • Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122–147.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The excise of control. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.
  • Bandura, A. (2009). Social cognitive theory of mass communications. In J. Bryant & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 94–124), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Bandura, A., Adams, N. E., & Beyer, J. (1977). Cognitive processes mediating behavioral change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 125–139.
  • Bandura, A., Adams, N. E., Hardy, A. B., & Howells, G. N. (1980). Tests of the generality of self-efficacy theory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 4, 39–66.
  • Baranowski, T., Baranowski, J. C., Thompson, D., & Greaves, K. A. (2005). BMI from 3–6 years of age is predicted by TV viewing and physical activity, not diet. International Journal of Obesity, 29, 557–564.
  • Bassili, J. N. (1996). Meta-judgmental versus operative indexes of psychological attributes: The case of measures of attitude strength. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 637–653.
  • Boyce, T. (2007). The media and obesity. Obesity Reviews, 8, 201–205.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Berntson, G. G. (1994). Relationship between attitudes and evaluative space: A critical review, with emphasis on the separability of positive and negative substrates. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 401–423.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Gardner, W. L., & Berntson, G. G. (1997). Beyond bipolar conceptualizations and measures: The case of attitudes and evaluative space. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 3–25.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Obesity. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity
  • Clark, J. K., Wegener, D. T., & Fabrigar, L. R. (2008). Attitudinal ambivalence and message-based persuasion: Motivated processing of proattitudinal information and avoidance of counterattitudinal information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 565–577.
  • Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Conner, M., Sparks, P., Povey, R., James, R., Shepherd, R., & Armitage, C. J. (2002). Moderator effects of attitudinal ambivalence on attitude-behaviour relationships. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 705–718.
  • Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.
  • Finkelstein, E. A., Trogdon, J. G., Cohen, J. W., & Dietz, W. (2009). Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: Payer-and service-specific estimates. Health Affair, 28, w822–w831.
  • Fishbein, M. (2008). A reasoned action approach to health promotion. Med Dec Making, 28, 834–844.
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Folta, S. C., Goldberg, J. P., Economos, C., Bell, R., & Meltzer, R. (2006). Food advertising targeted at school-aged children: A content analysis. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 38, 244–248.
  • Glasper, A. (2011). Does the media promote healthy nutrition for children? British Journal of Nursing, 20, 940–941.
  • Goris, J. M., Petersen, S., Stamatakis, E., & Veerman, J. L. (2010). Television food advertising and the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity: A multicountry comparison. Public Health Nutrition, 13, 1003–1012.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Jonas, K., Diehl, M., & Bromer, P. (1997). Effects of attitudinal ambivalence on information processing and attitude-intention consistency. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 190–210.
  • Kaiser Family Foundation. (2004). The role of media in childhood obesity. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation.
  • Kaplan, K. J. (1972). On the ambivalence-indifference problem in attitude theory and measurement: A suggested modification of the semantic differential technique. Psychological Bulletin, 77, 361–372.
  • Kim, M. S., & Hunter, J. E. (1993a). Attitude-behavior relations: A meta-analysis of attitudinal relevance and topic. Journal of Communication, 43, 101–142.
  • Kim, M. S., & Hunter, J. E. (1993b). Relationships among attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behavior: A meta-analysis of past research, part 2. Communication Research, 20, 331–364.
  • Koordeman, R., Anschutz, D. J., van Baaren, R. B., & Engels, R. C. (2010). Exposure to soda commercials affects sugar-sweetened soda consumption in young women: An observational experimental study. Appetite, 54, 619–622.
  • Krosnick, J. A., & Petty, R. E. (1995). Attitude strength: An overview. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 1–24). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Linn, S., & Novosat, C. L. (2008). Calories for sale: Food marketing to children in the twenty-first century. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616, 133–155.
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. (2004). Advertising “unhealthy” foods to children: Understanding promotion in the context of children's daily lives. London, England: Ofcom.
  • Maio, G. R., Bell, D. W., & Esses, V. M. (1996). Ambivalence and persuasion: The processing of messages about immigrant groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 513–536.
  • Mayo Clinic. (2013). Health diet. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/MY00431/DSECTION=healthy-diets
  • Moore, M. (1980). Validation of the attitude toward any practice scale through the use of ambivalence as a moderator variable. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 40, 205–208.
  • Nielsen. (2012). Part 3: By media type. State of the media Spring 2012 advertising & audiences. Retrieved from http://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/corporate/us/en/newswire/uploads/2012/05/Nielsen-Adv-Aud-by-MediaType-Spring-2012.pdf
  • Parker, G., Parker, I., & Brotchie, H. (2006). Mood state effects of chocolate. Journal of Affect Discord, 92, 149–159.
  • Petty, R. E., & Krosnick, J. A. (1995). Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Perkins, H. W. (1985). Religious traditions, parents, and peers as determinants of alcohol and drug use among college students. Review of Religious Research, 27, 15–31.
  • Powell, L. M., Szczypka, G., Chaloupka, F. J., & Braunschweig, C. L. (2007). Nutritional content of television food advertisements seen by children and adolescents in the United States. Pediatrics, 120, 576–583.
  • Priester, J. R., & Petty, R. E. (1996). The gradual threshold model of ambivalence: Relating the positive and negative bases of attitudes to subjective ambivalence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 431–49.
  • Sheeran, P., Abraham, C., & Orbell, S. (1999). Psychological correlates of heterosexual condom use: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 90–132.
  • Stockton, S., & Baker, D. (2013). College students’ perceptions of fast food restaurant menu items on health. American Journal of Health Education, 44, 74–80.
  • Thompson, M. M., Zanna, M. P., & Griffin, D. W. (1995). Let's not be indifferent about (attitudinal) ambivalence. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 361–386). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2010 (7th ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Wechsler, H., Dowdall, G. W., Davenport, A., & Dejong, W. (1995). Binge drinking on campus: Results of a national study. Bulletin Series: Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention. Newton, MA: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention.
  • Wilson, S. J., Creswell, K. G., Sayette, M. A., & Fiez, J. A. (2012). Ambivalence about smoking and cue-elicited neural activity in quitting-motivated smokers faced with an opportunity to smoke. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 1541–1549.
  • Zhao, X., & Cappella, J. N. (2008). The influence of ambivalence on adolescents’ reactions to anti-drug messages. Communication Quarterly, 56, 131–148.
  • Zhao, X., & Cai, X. (2008). The role of ambivalence in college nonsmokers’ information seeking and information processing. Communication Research, 35, 298–318.
  • Zhao, X., & Cai, X. (2009). Ambivalence amplifies college smokers’ negative emotional responses to antismoking information. Communication Studies, 60, 288–304.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.