Encoded Exposure and Social Norms in Entertainment-Education

References

• Abraham, T. (2012). Polio eradication: A complex end game. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.), 344, e2398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bae, H. (2008). Entertainment-education and recruitment of cornea donors: The role of emotion and issue involvement. Journal of Health Communication, 13, 20–36. doi:10.1080/10810730701806953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Berendes, S., & Rimal, R. (2011). Addressing the slow uptake of HIV testing in Malawi: The role of stigma, self-efficacy, and knowledge in the Malawi BRIDGE project. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 22(3), 215–228. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2010.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, R. C., & Denison, E. (2012). Effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent female genital mutilation/cutting: A systematic review. Studies in Family Planning, 43(2), 135–146. doi:10.1111/sifp.2012.43.issue-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkowitz, A. D. (2004). The social norms approach: Theory, research, and annotated bibliography. Retrieved from http://www.alanberkowitz.com/articles/social_norms.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bicchieri, C. (2006). The grammar of society: The nature and dynamics of social norms. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bicchieri, C., & Xiao, E. (2009). Do the right thing: But only if others do so. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 22, 191–208. doi:10.1002/bdm.v22:2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouman, M. (2002). Turtles and peacocks: Collaboration in entertainment-education television. Communication Theory, 12(2), 225–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creel, A. H., Rimal, R. N., Mkandawire, G., Bose, K., & Brown, J. W. (2011). Effects of a mass media intervention on HIV-related stigma: “Radio Diaries” program in Malawi. Health Education Research, 26(3), 456–465. doi:10.1093/her/cyr012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Depue, J. B., Southwell, B. G., Betzner, A. E., & Walsh, B. M. (2015). Encoded exposure to tobacco use in social media predicts subsequent smoking behavior. American Journal of Health Promotion, 29(4), 259–261. doi:10.4278/ajhp.130214-ARB-69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Do, M. P., & Kincaid, D. L. (2006). Impact of an entertainment-education television drama on health knowledge and behavior in Bangladesh: An application of propensity score matching. Journal of Health Communication, 11, 301–325. doi:10.1080/10810730600614045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farr, A. C., Witte, K., Jarato, K., & Menard, T. (2005). The effectiveness of media use in health education: Evaluation of an HIV/AIDS radio campaign in Ethiopia. Journal of Health Communication, 10, 225–235. doi:10.1080/10810730590934244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fehr, E., Kirchler, E., Weichbold, A., & Gachter, S. (1998). When social norms overpower competition: Gift exchange in experimental labor markets. Journal of Labor Economics, 16(2), 324–351. doi:10.1086/209891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fishbein, M., & Yzer, M. C. (2003). Using theory to design effective health behavior interventions. Communication Theory, 13(2), 164–183. doi:10.1111/comt.2003.13.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, L. B., Chatterjee, J. S., Chaudhuri, S. T., Lapansky, C., Bhanot, A., & Murphy, S. T. (2012). Conversation and compliance: Role of interpersonal discussion and social norms in public communication campaigns. Journal of Health Communication, 17(9), 1050–1067. doi:10.1080/10810730.2012.665426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glik, D., Nowak, G., Valente, T., Sapsis, K., & Martin, C. (2002). Youth performing arts entertainment-education for HIV/AIDS prevention and health promotion: Practice and research. Journal of Health Communication, 7, 39–57. doi:10.1080/10810730252801183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein, N. J., Cialdini, R. B., & Griskevicius, V. (2008). A room with a viewpoint: Using social norms to motivate environmental conservation in hotels. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(3), 472–482. doi:10.1086/586910
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunther, A. C., & Storey, J. D. (2003). The influence of presumed influence. Journal of Communication, 53(2), 199–215. doi:10.1111/jcom.2003.53.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain, P., & Slater, M. D. (2013). Provider portrayals and patient-provider communication in drama and reality medical entertainment television shows. Journal of Health Communication, 18, 703–722. doi:10.1080/10810730.2012.757388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jibaja-Weiss, M. L., & Volk, R. J. (2007). Utilizing computerized entertainment education in the development of decision aids for lower literate and naïve computer users. Journal of Health Communication, 12, 681–697. doi:10.1080/10810730701624356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalid, M. Z., & Ahmed, A. (2014). Entertainment-education media strategies for social change: Opportunities and emerging trends. Review of Journalism and Mass Communication, 2(1), 69–89.
   Google Scholar
• Kincaid, D. L., Delate, R., Storey, D., & Figueroa, M. (2013). Closing the gaps in practice and theory: Evaluation of the Scrutinize campaign in South Africa. In R. E. Rice & C. K. Atkin (Eds.), Public communication campaigns (4th ed., pp. 305–319). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Kincaid, D. L., & Do, M. P. (2006). Multivariate causal attribution and cost-effectiveness of a national mass media campaign in The Philippines. Journal of Health Communication, 11(S2), 69–90. doi:10.1080/10810730600974522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kincaid, D. L., Figueroa, M. E., Storey, J. D., & Underwood, C. (1999, March). Ideation and contraceptive behavior: The relationship observed in five countries. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Krupka, E. L., & Weber, R. A. (2009). Identifying social norms using coordination games: Why does dictator-game sharing vary? (Working paper). Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Mellon University, Heinz College. Retrieved from http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1096&context=sds
   Google Scholar
• Lapinski, M. K., & Rimal, R. N. (2005). An explication of social norms. Communication Theory, 15(2), 127–147. doi:10.1111/comt.2005.15.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackie, G., Moneti, F., Denny, E., & Shakya, H. (2012). What are social norms? How are they measured? Retrieved from http://polisci2.ucsd.edu/hshakya/Holly_B_Shakya_PhD/Publications_files/SocialNormsandMeasurement–WP–UCSD-UNICEF%281%29.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mohammed, S. (2001). Personal communication networks and the effects of an entertainment-education radio soap opera in Tanzania. Journal of Health Communication, 6, 137–154. doi:10.1080/10810730117219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran, M. B., Murphy, S. T., Frank, L. B., & Baezconde-Garbanati, L. (2013). The ability of narrative communication to address health-related social norms. International Review of Social Research, 3(2), 131–149. doi:10.1515/irsr-2013-0014
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moyer-Gusé, E. (2008). Toward a theory of entertainment persuasion: Explaining the persuasive effects of entertainment-education messages. Communication Theory, 18, 407–425. doi:10.1111/comt.2008.18.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyer-Gusé, E., & Nabi, R. L. (2010). Explaining the effects of narrative in an entertainment television program: Overcoming resistance to persuasion. Human Communication Research, 36, 26–52. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2009.01367.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papa, M. J., Singhal, A., Law, S., Pant, S., Sood, S., Rogers, E. M., & Shefner-Rogers, C. L. (2000). Entertainment-education and social change: An analysis of parasocial interaction, social learning, collective efficacy, and paradoxical communication. Journal of Communication, 50(4), 31–55. doi:10.1111/jcom.2000.50.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrish-Sprowl, J., Carveth, R., & Senk, M. (1994). The effect of compliance-gaining strategy choice and communicator style on sales success. Journal of Business Communication, 31(4), 291–310. doi:10.1177/002194369403100404
   Google Scholar
• PCI Media Impact. (2016). Ouro Negro (Black Gold). Retrieved from http://mediaimpact.org/production/blackgoldmediaimpact.org/production/blackgold
   Google Scholar
• Poindexter, D. O. (2004). A history of entertainment-education, 1958–2000. In A. Singhal, M. J. Cody, E. M. Rogers, & M. Sabido (Eds.), Entertainment-education and social change (pp. 21–37). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Reno, R. R., Cialdini, R. B., & Kallgren, C. A. (1993). The transsituational influence of social norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(1), 104–112. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.1.104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimal, R. (2008). Modeling the relationship between descriptive norms and behaviors: A test and extension of the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB). Health Communication, 23, 103–116. doi:10.1080/10410230801967791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimal, R., & Creel, A. (2008). Applying social marketing principles to understand the effects of the Radio Diaries program in reducing HIV/AIDS stigma in Malawi. Health Marketing Quarterly, 25(1/2), 119–146. doi:10.1080/07359680802126186
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rimal, R. N., & Real, K. (2003). Understanding the influence of perceived norms on behavior. Communication Theory, 13(2), 184–203. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2003.tb00288.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimal, R., & Real, K. (2005). How behaviors are affected by perceived norms: A test of the theory of normative social behavior. Communication Research, 32, 389–414. doi:10.1177/0093650205275385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Sallis, J. R., & Owens, N. (2002). Ecological models of health behavior. In K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer, & F. M. Lewis (Eds.), Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (3rd ed., pp. 462–484). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Shefner-Rogers, C. L., & Sood, S. (2004). Involving husbands in safe motherhood: Effects of the SUAMI SIAGA campaign in Indonesia. Journal of Health Communication, 9, 233–258. doi:10.1080/10810730490447075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singhal, A., Obregon, R., & Rogers, E. M. (1995). Reconstructing the story of Simplemente Maria, the most popular telenovela in Latin America of all time. International Communication Gazette, 54, 1–15. doi:10.1177/001654929505400101
   Google Scholar
• Singhal, A., Rao, N., & Pant, S. (2006). Entertainment-education and possibilities for second-order social change. Journal of Creative Communications, 1(3), 267–283. doi:10.1177/097325860600100304
   Google Scholar
• Singhal, A., & Rattine-Flaherty, E. (2006). Pencils and photos as tools of communicative research and praxis. International Communication Gazette, 68(4), 313–330. doi:10.1177/1748048506065764
   Google Scholar
• Singhal, A., & Rogers, E. (2002). A theoretical agenda for entertainment-education. Communication Theory, 12(2), 117–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singhal, A., & Rogers, E. (2004). The status of entertainment-education worldwide. In A. Singhal, M. J. Cody, E. M. Rogers, & M. Sabido (Eds.), Entertainment-education and social change (pp. 3–20). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Slater, M. D. (2004). Operationalizing and analyzing exposure: The foundation of media effects research. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(1), 168–183. doi:10.1177/107769900408100112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater, M. D., & Rouner, D. (2002). Entertainment-education and the elaboration likelihood: Understanding the process of narrative persuasion. Communication Theory, 12(2), 173–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sood, S. (2002). Audience involvement and entertainment-education. Communication Theory, 12(2), 153–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sood, S., Menard, T., & Witte, K. (2004). The theory behind entertainment-education. In A. Singhal, M. J. Cody, E. M. Rogers, & M. Sabido (Eds.), Entertainment-education and social change (pp. 117–149). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Sood, S., Riley, A. H., Mazumdar, P. D., Choudary, N., Malhotra, A., & Sahba, N. (2015). From awareness-generation to changing norms: Implications for entertainment-education. Cases in Public Health Communication & Marketing, 8, 3–26.
   Google Scholar
• Sood, S., Sengupta, M., Mishra, P. J., & Jacoby, C. (2004). “Come gather around together”: An examination of radio listening groups in Nepal. Gazette, 66(1), 63–86. doi:10.1177/0016549204039942
   Google Scholar
• Soul City Institute for Health & Development Communication. (2014). Homepage. Retrieved from http://www.soulcity.org.za/
   Google Scholar
• Southwell, B. G. (2014). Encoded exposure and aided versus unaided awareness. In T. L. Thompson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of health communication (pp. 401–403). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Southwell, B. G., Barmada, C. H., Hornik, R. C., & Maklan, D. M. (2002). Can we measure encoded exposure? Validation evidence from a national campaign. Journal of Health Communication, 7, 445–453. doi:10.1080/10810730290001800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storey, D., Boulay, M., Karki, Y., Heckert, K., & Karmacharya, D. (1999). Impact of the integrated radio communication project in Nepal, 1994–1997. Journal of Health Communication. 4, 271–294. doi:10.1080/108107399126823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storey, D., & Figueroa, M. E. (2012). Toward a global theory of health behavior and social change. In R. Obregon & S. Waisbord (Eds.), The handbook of global health communication (pp. 70–94). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Storey, D., & Sood, S. (2013). Increasing equity, affirming the power of narrative and expanding dialogue: The evolution of entertainment-education over two decades. Critical Arts, 27(1), 9–35. doi:10.1080/02560046.2013.767015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storey, J. D., & Kaggwa, E. B. (2009). The influence of changes in fertility related norms on contraceptive use in Egypt, 1995–2005. Population Review, 48(1), 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Svenkerud, P. J., Rahoi, R. L., & Singhal, A. (1996). Incorporating ambiguity and archetypes in entertainment-education programming: Lessons learned from Oshin. International Communication Gazette, 55, 147–168. doi:10.1177/001654929605500301
   Google Scholar
• Tostan. (2014). Promoting health and positive practices. Retrieved from http://www.tostan.org/area-of-impact/health
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF India. (n.d.). Kyunki … crosses the 400th episode mark. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/india/media_6778.htm
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Children’s Fund. (2010). Facts for life (4th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.factsforlifeglobal.org/
   Google Scholar
• Usdin, S., Singhal, A., Shongwe, T., Goldstein, S., & Shabalala, A. (2004). No short cuts in entertainment-education: Designing Soul City step-by-step. In A. Singhal, M. J. Cody, E. M. Rogers, & M. Sabido (Eds.), Entertainment-education and social change (pp. 153–175). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Valente, T. (2002). Evaluating health promotion programs. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• van Weert, J. C. M., Hermanns, S. S. T., Linn, A. J., & Schouten, B. C. (2011). Dance4life: Evaluating a global HIV and AIDS prevention program for young people using the pre-im framework for process evaluation. International Public Health Journal, 3(1), 99–110.
   Google Scholar
• Vaughan, P. W., Rogers, E. M., Singhal, A., & Swalehe, R. M. (2000). Entertainment-education and HIV/AIDS prevention: A field experiment in Tanzania. Journal of Health Communication, 5(Suppl. 1), 81–100. doi:10.1080/10810730050019573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakefiled, M., Loken, B., & Hornik, R. C. (2010). Use of mass media campaigns to change health behavior. The Lancet, 376, 1261–1271. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60809-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., & Singhal, A. (2016). East Los High: Transmedia edutainment to promote the sexual and reproductive health of young Latino/a Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 106(6), 1002–1010. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M., & Singhal, A. (1992). Ke Wang, a Chinese television soap opera with a message. International Communication Gazette, 49, 177–192. doi:10.1177/001654929204900302
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilkin, H. A., Valente, T. W., Murphy, S., Cody, M. J., Huang, G., & Beck, V. (2007). Does entertainment-education work with Latinos in the United States? Identification and the effects of a telenovela breast cancer storyline. Journal of Health Communication, 12, 455–469. doi:10.1080/10810730701438690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2010). Violence prevention: The evidence. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/4th_milestones_meeting/evidence_briefings_all.pdf
   Google Scholar