Framing Autism: A Content Analysis of Five Major News Frames in U.S.-Based Newspapers

References

• Alliance for Audited Media. (2013). Average circulation at the top 25 U.S. Daily Newspapers. Retrieved from http://www.auditedmedia.com/news/blog/top-25-us-newspapers-for-march-2013.aspx
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Barnartt, S., Schriner, K., & Scotch, R. (2001). Advocacy and political action. In G. L. Albrecht, K. D. Seelman, & M. Bury (Eds.), Handbook of disability studies (pp. 430–449). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Bie, B., & Tang, L. (2015). Representation of autism in leading newspapers in China: A content analysis. Health Communication, 30 (9), 884–893. doi:10.1080/10410236.2014.889063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyce, T. (2006). Journalism and expertise. Journalism Studies, 7 (6), 889–906. doi:10.1080/14616700600980652
   Google Scholar
• Bray, J., & Maxwell, S. (1985). Multivariate analysis of variance. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Cappella, J. N., & Jamieson, K. H. (1996). News frames, political cynicism, and media cynicism. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 546, 71–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2016). Data & statistics. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0331-children-autism.html
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, C. (2008). A question of balance: The autism-vaccine controversy in the British and American elite press. Science Communication, 30 (1), 77–107. doi:10.1177/1075547008320262
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, C. (2010). A case of conflicting norms? Mobilizing and accountability information in newspaper coverage of the autism-vaccine controversy. Public Understanding of Science, 20, 609–626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clogston, J. (1989, August). A theoretical framework for studying media portrayal of persons with disabilities. Paper presented at the annual meeting of AEJMC, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Education and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colson, A. S. .(2010) Framing autism causes and prevalence: A content analysis of television evening news coverage—1994 through April 2010. Thesis, Georgia State University. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/communication_theses/65
   Google Scholar
• Cumberbatch, G., & Negrine, R. (1991). Images of disability on television. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dorsey, E. R., De Roulet, J., Thompson, J. P., Reminick, J. I., Thai, A., White-Stellato, Z., … Moses, H. (2010). Funding of US biomedical research, 2003–2008. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(2), 137–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entman, R. M. (2007). Framing bias: Media in the distribution of power. Journal of Communication, 57, 163–173. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00336.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farnall, O., & Smith, K. A. (1999). Reactions to people with disabilities: Personal contact versus viewing of specific media portrayals. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76(4), 659–672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Gamson, W. (1992). Talking politics. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Goddard, H. H. (1912). The height and weight of feeble-minded children in American institutions. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 39(4), 217–235.
   Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. (2009). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Golan, G. (2010). Editorials, op-ed columns frame medical marijuana debate. Newspaper Research Journal, 31(3), 50–61.
   Google Scholar
• Golan, G. (2013). The gates of op-ed diplomacy: Newspaper framing the 2011 Egyptian revolution. International Communication Gazette, 75 (4), 359–373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallahan, K. (1999). Seven models of framing: Implications for public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 11(3), 205–242. doi:10.1207/s1532754xjprr1103_02
   Google Scholar
• Haller, B. (1993). Paternalism and protest: Coverage of deaf persons in the Washington Post and New York Times. Mass Communication Review, 20, 3–4.
   Google Scholar
• Haller, B. (1995). Disability rights on the public agenda: News media coverage of the Americans with Disabilities Act ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
   Google Scholar
• Haller, B. (1999). News coverage of disability issues: A final report for the Center for an Accessible Society. San Diego: Center for an Accessible Society. Retrieved from http://www.accessiblesociety.org/topics/coverage/0799haller.htm
   Google Scholar
• Haller, B. (2000a). How the news frames disability: Print media coverage of the Americans with Disabilities Act. In B. M. Altman, & S. N. Barnartt (Eds.), Expanding the scope of social science research on disability (pp. 55–83). Bingley, United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Haller, B. (2000b). If they limp, they lead? News representations and the hierarchy of disability images. In D. Braithwaite, & T. Thompson (Eds.), Handbook of communication and people with disabilities (pp. 273–288). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Holbert, L. R., Tschida, D. A., Dixon, M., Cherry, K., Steuber, K., & Airne, D. (2005). The West Wing and depictions of the American presidency: Expanding the domains of framing in political communication. Communication Quarterly, 53(4), 505–523.
   Google Scholar
• Holton, A. E., Farrell, L. C., & Fudge, J. L. (2014). A threatening space? Stigmatization and the framing of autism in the news. Communication Studies, 65(2), 189–207.
   Google Scholar
• Holton, A., Weberling, B., Clarke, C. E., & Smith, M. J. (2012). The blame frame: Media attribution of culpability about the MMR–autism vaccination scare. Health Communication, 27(7), 690–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Iyengar, S., & Simon, A. (1993). News coverage of the gulf crisis and public opinion: A study of agenda-setting, priming, and framing. Communication Research, 20(3), 365–383. doi:10.1177/009365093020003002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson, K. H. (1992). Dirty politics: Distraction, deception, & democracy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, M. (2000). Make them go away. Louisville, KY: Avocado Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, S., & Harwood, V. (2009). Representations of autism in Australian print media. Disability & Society, 24(1), 5–18. doi:10.1080/09687590802535345
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang-Yi, C. D., Grinker, R. R., & Mandell, D. S. (2013). Korean culture and autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(3), 503–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S., Carvalho, J., & Davis, A. (2010). Talking about poverty: News framing of who is responsible for causing and fixing the problem. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 87(3), 563–581.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S., Scheufele, D., & Shanahan, J. (2002). Think about it this way: Attribute agenda-setting function of the press and the public’s evaluation of a local issue. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(1), 7–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemert, J. B. (1981). Does mass communication change public opinion after all? A new approach to effects analysis. Chicago, IL: Nelson Hall.
   Google Scholar
• McKeever, B. W. (2013). News framing of autism: Understanding media advocacy and the combating autism act. Science Communication, 35(2), 213–240
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLeod, J. M., Scheufele, D. A., & Moy, P. (1999). Community, communication, and participation: The role of mass media and interpersonal discussion in local political participation. Political Communication, 16 (3), 315–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuman, W., Just, M., & Crigler, A. (1992). Common knowledge: News and the construction of social meaning. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pedhazur, E. J., & Schmelkin, L. P. (2013). Measurement, design, and analysis: An integrated approach. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2008). Health news coverage in the U.S. media. Retrieved from http://www.journalism.org/node/13770
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2011). How people get local news and information in different communities. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2012/09/26/how-people-get-local-news-and-information-in-different-communities/
   Google Scholar
• Reese, S. (2001). Prologue—Framing public life: A bridging model for media research. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Gandy, & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (pp. 7–31). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93–109. doi:10.1093/joc/50.2.93
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news. New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vasterman, P., Yzermans, C. J., & Dirkzwager, A. E. (2005). The role of the media and media hypes in the aftermath of disasters. Epidemiological Reviews, 27, 107–114. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weberling McKeever, B. (2013). News framing of autism: Understanding media advocacy and the combating autism act. Science Communication, 35, 213–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, M. (2011). Community newspaper use promotes social cohesion. Newspaper Research Journal, 32(1), 19–33.
   Google Scholar