446
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Placement and Format of Risk Information on Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Websites

, , , &

References

  • Aikin, K. J., O’Donoghue, A. C., Swasy, J. L., & Sullivan, H. W. (2011). Randomized trial of risk information formats in direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertisements. Medical Decision Making, 31, E23. doi:10.1177/0272989X11413289
  • Bettman, J. R., & Kakkar, P. (1997). Effects of information presentation format on consumer information acquisition strategies. Journal of Consumer Research, 3, 233–240. doi:10.1086/208672
  • Bettman, J. R., Payne, J. W., & Staelin, R. (1986). Cognitive considerations in designing effective labels for presenting risk information. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 5, 1–28.
  • Boudewyns, V., O’Donoghue, A. C., Kelly, B., West, S. L., Oguntimein, O., Bann, C. M., & McCormack, L. A. (2015). Influence of patient medication information format on comprehension and application of medication information: A randomized, controlled experiment. Patient Education and Counseling, 98, 1592–1599. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2015.07.003
  • Brewer, W. F., & Nakamura, G. V. (1984). The nature and function of schemas. In R. S. Wyer, & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. I, pp. 119–160). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Chaiken, S., & Maheswaran, D. (1994). Heuristic processing can bias systematic processing: Effects of source credibility, argument ambiguity, and task importance on attitude judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 460–472. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.3.460
  • Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (1991). Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. Cognition and Instruction, 8, 293–332. doi:10.1207/s1532690xci0804_2
  • Chew, L. D., Griffin, J. M., Partin, M. R., Noorbaloochi, S., Grill, J. P., Snyder, A., … Vanryn, M. (2008). Validation of screening questions for limited health literacy in a large VA outpatient population. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23, 561–566. doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0520-5
  • Chi, E. H., Gumbrecht, M., & Hong, L. (2007). Visual foraging of highlighted text: An eye-tracking study. In J. Jacko (Ed.), Human computer interaction, Part III (pp. 589–598). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
  • Choi, S. M., & Lee, W.-N. (2007). Understanding the impact of direct-to-consumer (DTC) pharmaceutical advertising on patient-physician interactions: Adding the web to the mix. Journal of Advertising, 36, 137–149. doi:10.2753/JOA0091-3367360311
  • Conzola, V. C., & Wogalter, M. S. (2001). A communication–human information processing (C–HIP) approach to warning effectiveness in the workplace. Journal of Risk Research, 4, 309–322. doi:10.1080/13669870110062712
  • Davis, J. J., Cross, E., & Crowley, J. (2007). Pharmaceutical websites and the communication of risk information. Journal of Health Communication, 12, 29–39. doi:10.1080/10810730601091326
  • DeLorme, D. E., Huh, J., & Reid, L. N. (2010). Evaluation, use, and usefulness of prescription drug information sources among Anglo and Hispanic Americans. Journal of Health Communication, 15, 18–38. doi:10.1080/10810730903460526
  • DiSogra, C., Cobb, C., Chan, E., & Dennis, J. M. (2011). Calibrating non-probability Internet samples with probability samples using early adopter characteristics. In JSM Proceedings, Section on Survey Research Methods (pp. 4501–4515). Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association.
  • GfK Custom Research. (2013). Knowledge Panel design summary. Retrieved from http://www.knowledgenetworks.com/knpanel/docs/knowledgePanel%28R%29-design-summary-description.pdf
  • Google. (2014, November). The importance of being seen: Viewability insights for digital marketers and publishers. Retrieved from http://think.storage.googleapis.com/docs/the-importance-of-being-seen_study.pdf
  • Hicks, K. E., Wogalter, M. S., & Vigilante, W. J. (2005). Placement of benefits and risks in prescription drug manufacturers’ websites and information source expectations. Drug Information Journal, 39, 267–278.
  • Hoy, M. G., & Levenshus, A. B. (2016). A mixed-methods approach to assessing actual risk readership on branded drug websites. Journal of Risk Research. doi:10.1080/13669877.2016.1223160
  • Hoy, M. G., & Park, J. S. (2014). Principles in action: An examination of Food and Drug Administration letters involving violative Internet promotions from 1997 to 2012. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 33 (2), 127–142. doi:10.1509/jppm.12.097
  • Huh, J., & Cude, B. J. (2004). Is the information “fair and balanced” in direct-to-consumer prescription drug websites? Journal of Health Communication, 9, 529–540. doi:10.1080/10810730490882667
  • Kees, J., Bone, P. F., Kozup, J., & Ellen, P. S. (2008). Barely or fairly balancing drug risks? Content and format effects in direct-to-consumer online prescription drug promotions. Psychology and Marketing, 25, 675–691. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1520-6793
  • Khan, K., & Locatis, C. (1998). Searching through cyberspace: The effects of link display and link density on information retrieval from hypertext on the World Wide Web. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 49, 176–182. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4571
  • Liang, B. A., & Mackey, T. K. (2011). Prevalence and global health implications of social media in direct-to-consumer drug advertising. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13, e64. doi:10.2196/jmir.1775
  • Lorch, R., & Lorch, E. (1995). Effects of organizational signals on text-processing strategies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 537–544. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.87.4.537
  • Lorch, R., & Lorch, E. (1996). Effects of organizational signals on free recall of expository text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88, 38–48. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.88.1.38
  • Lorch, R., Lorch, E., & Inman, W. (1993). Effects of signaling topic structure on text recall. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 281–290. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.85.2.281
  • Macias, W., & Lewis, L. S. (2006). How well do direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug web sites meet FDA guidelines and public policy concerns? Health Marketing Quarterly, 22, 45–71. doi:10.1300/J026v22n04_04
  • Mackey, T. K., Cuomo, R. E., & Liang, B. A. (2015). The rise of digital direct-to-consumer advertising? Comparison of direct-to-consumer advertising expenditure trends from publicly available data sources and global policy implications. BMC Health Services Research, 15, 236. doi:10.1186/s12913-015-0885-1
  • Mintzes, B. (2016). The tip of the iceberg of misleading online advertising comment on “Trouble spots in online direct-to-consumer prescription drug promotion: A content analysis of FDA warning letters.” International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 5 (5), 329–331. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.19
  • Morrow, D. G., Leirer, V. O., Andrassy, J. M., Hier, C. M., & Menard, W. E. (1998). The influence of list format and category headers on age differences in understanding medication instructions. Experimental Aging Research, 24, 231–256. doi:10.1080/036107398244238
  • Naik, S. (2007). An evaluation of cues, inducements, and readability of information on drug-specific web sites. Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management, 17, 61–81. doi:10.1300/J058v17n03_05
  • Nielsen, J. (2010, March 22). Scrolling and attention. Retrieved from http://www.useit.com/alertbox/scrolling-attention.html
  • Novak, T. P., Hoffman, D. L., & Yung, Y.-F. (2000). Measuring the customer experience in online environments: A structural modeling approach. Marketing Science, 19, 22–42. doi:10.1287/mksc.19.1.22.15184
  • O’Donoghue, A. C., Sullivan, H. W., Aikin, K. J., Chowdhury, D., Moultrie, R. R., & Rupert, D. J. (2014). Presenting efficacy information in direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertisements. Patient Education and Counseling, 95, 271–280. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2013.12.010
  • Prescription Drug Advertisements, 21 C.F.R. Sect. 202.1. (2012).
  • Raynor, D. K., & Dickinson, D. (2009). Key principles to guide development of consumer medicine information--content analysis of information design texts. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 43, 700–706. doi:10.1345/aph.1L522
  • Redish, J. C., Felker, D. B., & Rose, A. M. (1981). Evaluating the effects of document design principles. Information Design Journal, 2, 236–243. doi:10.1075/idj.2.3-4.06red
  • Rimer, B. K., Briss, P. A., Zeller, P. K., Chan, E. C. Y., & Woolf, S. H. (2004). Informed decision making: What is its role in cancer screening? Cancer, 101, 1214–1228. doi:10.1002/cncr.20512
  • Russo, J. E. (1997). The value of unit price information. Journal of Marketing Research, 14, 193–201. doi:10.2307/3150469
  • Sheehan, K. B. (2007). Direct-to-consumer (DTC) branded drug web sites risk presentation and implications for public policy. Journal of Advertising, 36, 123–135. doi:10.2753/JOA0091-3367360310
  • Sheridan, S. L., Harris, R. P., & Woolf, S. H. (2004). Shared decision making about screening and chemoprevention: A suggested approach from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 26, 56–66. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2003.09.011
  • Silvers, V. L., & Kreiner, D. S. (1997). The effects of pre-existing inappropriate highlighting on reading comprehension. Reading Research and Instruction, 36, 217–223. doi:10.1080/19388079709558240
  • Southwell, B. G., & Rupert, D. J. (2016). Future challenges and opportunities in online prescription drug promotion research comment on “Trouble spots in online direct-to-consumer prescription drug promotion: A content analysis of FDA warning letters.” International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 5 (3), 211–213. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.05
  • Spyridakis, J. H. (1989). Signaling effects: Part II. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 19, 395–415.
  • Sullivan, H. W., Aikin, K. J., Chung-Davies, E., Wade, M., & Yao, L. (2016). Prescription drug promotion from 2001-2014: Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. PLoS ONE, 11, e0155035. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155035
  • Summers, K., & Summers, M. (2004). Making the Web friendlier for lower-literacy users. Intercom, 51, 19–21.
  • Summers, K., & Summers, M. (2005). Reading and navigational strategies of Web users with lower literacy skills. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 42(1). doi:10.1002/meet.1450420179
  • The Plain Language Action and Information Network. (2011, March). Federal plain language guidelines. Retrieved from http://www.plainlanguage.gov/howto/guidelines/FederalPLGuidelines/TOC.cfm
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services & U.S. General Services Administration. (2006). Research-based Web design and usability guidelines. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2014). Public hearing on promotion of FDA-regulated medical products using the Internet and social media tools. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/OfficeofMedicalProductsandTobacco/CDER/ucm184250.htm
  • Vigilante, W. J., & Wogalter, M. S. (2005). Assessing risk and benefit communication in direct-to-consumer medication website advertising. Drug Information Journal, 39, 3–12.
  • Weinreich, H., Obendorf, H., Herder, E., & Mayer, M. (2008). Not quite the average: An empirical study of Web use. ACM Transactions on the Web, 2, 5. doi:10.1145/1326561
  • Wogalter, M. S. (2006). Communication-human information processing (C-HIP) model. In M. S. Wogather (Ed.), Handbook of warnings (pp. 51–61). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Zarcadoolas, C., Blanco, M., Boyer, J. F., & Pleasant, A. (2002). Unweaving the Web: An exploratory study of low-literate adults’ navigation skills on the World Wide Web. Journal of Health Communication, 7, 309–324. doi:10.1080/10810730290088157

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.