Promoting Sexual Health in High School: A Feasibility Study of A Web-based Media Literacy Education Program

References

• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: an introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Albarracín, D., Johnson, B. T., Fishbein, M., & Muellerleile, P. A. (2001). Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 142–161. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.127.1.142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aufderheide, P. (1993). Media literacy. A report of the national leadership conference on media literacy.
   Google Scholar
• Austin, E. W., & Johnson, K. K. (1997a). Effects of general and alcohol–specific media literacy training on children’s decision making about alcohol. Journal of Health Communication, 2, 17–42. doi:10.1080/108107397127897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E., Chen, Y. C., & Austin, B. W. (2015). Processing of sexual media messages improves due to media literacy effects on perceived message desirability. Mass Communication and Society, 18(4), 399–421. doi:10.1080/15205436.2014.1001909
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banyard, V. L., & Cross, C. (2008). Consequences of teen dating violence: Understanding intervening variables in ecological context. Violence Against Women, 14(9), 998–1013. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18703772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banyard, V. L., Plante, E. G., & Moynihan, M. M. (2005). Rape Prevention Through Bystander Education: Bringing a Broader Community Perspective to Sexual Violence Prevention. Durham, New Hampshire: University of New Hampshire.
   Google Scholar
• Borawski, E. A., Tufts, K. A., Trapl, E. S., Hayman, L. L., Yoder, L. D., & Lovegreen, L. D. (2015). Effectiveness of health education teachers and school nurses teaching sexually transmitted infections/human immunodeficiency virus prevention knowledge and skills in high school. Journal of School Health, 85(3), 189–196. doi:10.1111/josh.12234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyer, J. (2018., 2018-02-23) New name, same harm: Rebranding of federal abstinence-only programs. Retrieved from https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2018/02/new-name-same-harm-rebranding-federal-abstinence-only-programs
   Google Scholar
• Brown, J. D., Halpern, C. T., & L’Engle, K. L. (2005). Mass media as a sexual super peer for early maturing girls. J Adolesc Health, 36(5), 420–427. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15837346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byers, E. S., Sears, H. A., & Foster, L. R. (2013). Factors associated with middle school students’ perceptions of the quality of school-based sexual health education. Sex Education, 13(2), 214–227. doi:10.1080/14681811.2012.727083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control. (2016). Results from the School Health Policies and Practices Study. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2017. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Clayton, H. B., Brener, N. D., Barrios, L. C., Jayne, P. E., & Everett Jones, S. (2017). Professional Development on Sexual Health Education Is Associated With Coverage of Sexual Health Topics. Pedagogy in Health Promotion, 4(2), 115–124. doi:10.1177/2373379917718562
   Google Scholar
• Coyne, S. M., Ward, L. M., Kroff, S. L., Davis, E. J., Holmgren, H. G., Jensen, A. C., … Essig, L. W. (2019). Contributions of mainstream sexual media exposure to sexual attitudes, perceived peer norms, and sexual behavior: A meta-analysis. J Adolesc Health. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Crosby, R., Cobb, B. K., Harrington, K., & Davies, S. L. (2001). Parent-adolescent communication and sexual risk behaviors among African American adolescent females. J Pediatr, 139(3), 407–412. doi:10.1067/mpd.2001.117075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, M. E., Madsen, N., Oliphant, J. A., & Sieving, R. E. (2013). Barriers to providing the sexuality education that teachers believe students need. Journal of School Health, 83(5), 335–342. doi:10.1111/josh.12036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foshee, V. A., Bauman, K. E., Ennett, S. T., Suchindran, C., Benefield, T., & Linder, G. F. (2005). Assessing the effects of the dating violence prevention program “Safe Dates” using random coefficient regression modeling. Prev Sci, 6(3), 245–258. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16047088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, A. M., Himmelstein, G., Khalid, H., & Howell, E. A. (2019). Funding for abstinence-only education and adolescent pregnancy prevention: Does state ideology affect outcomes? Am J Public Health, 109(3), 497–504. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30676806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Houlihan, A. E., Stock, M. L., & Pomery, E. A. (2008). A dual-process approach to health risk decision making: The prototype willingness model. Developmental Review, 28(1), 29–61. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Blanton, H., & Russell, D. W. (1998). Reasoned action and social reaction: Willingness and intention as independent predictors of health risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1164–1180. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, K. (2013). The theory of active involvement: Processes underlying interventions that engage adolescents in message planning and/or production. Health Communication, 28(7), 644–656. doi:10.1080/10410236.2012.762824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttmacher Institute. (2019, 12/1/19). Sex and HIV Education. State Laws and Policies. Retrieved from https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/sex-and-hiv-education
   Google Scholar
• Haberland, N., & Rogow, D. (2015). Sexuality education: Emerging trends in evidence and practice. J Adolesc Health, 56(1Suppl), S15–21. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25528976
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haberland, N. A. (2015). The case for addressing gender and power in sexuality and HIV education: A comprehensive review of evaluation studies. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health, 41(1), 31–42. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25856235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, K. S., McDermott Sales, J., Komro, K. A., & Santelli, J. (2016). The State of sex education in the United States. J Adolesc Health, 58(6), 595–597. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27210007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hindmarsh, C. S., Jones, S. C., & Kervin, L. (2015). Effectiveness of alcohol media literacy programmes: A systematic literature review. Health Education Research, 30(3), 449–465. doi:10.1093/her/cyv015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hust, S. J. T., Brown, J. D., & L’Engle, K. L. (2008). Boys will be boys and girls better be prepared: An analysis of the rare sexual health messages in young adolescents’ media. Mass Communication and Society, 11(1), 3–23. doi:10.1080/15205430701668139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jemmott, L. S., & Jemmott, J. B. (1991). Applying the theory of reasoned action to AIDS risk behavior: Condom use among black women. Nursing Research, 40, 228–234. doi:10.1097/00006199-199107000-00008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kann, L., McManus, T., Harris, W. A., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Queen, B., … Ethier, K. A. (2018). Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2017. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Kirby, D., & Laris, B. A. (2009). Effective curriculum-based sex and STD/HIV education programs for adolescents. Child Development Perspectives, 3(1), 21–29. doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00071.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby, D., Laris, B. A., & Rolleri, L. A. (2006). Sex and HIV education programs for youth: Their impact and important characteristics. Scotts Valley, CA: ETR Associates. Retrieved from Scotts Valley, California: http://recapp.etr.org/recapp/documents/programs/SexHIVedProgs.pdf
   Google Scholar
• L’Engle, K. L., Brown, J. D., & Kenneavy, K. (2006). The mass media are an important context for adolescents’ sexual behavior. J Adolesc Health, 38(3), 186–192. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16488814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean, S. A., Wertheim, E. H., Masters, J., & Paxton, S. J. (2017). A pilot evaluation of a social media literacy intervention to reduce risk factors for eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord, 50(7), 847–851. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28370321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon, S., Peterson, N. A., Winter, S. C., Palmer, J. E., Postmus, J. L., & Koenick, R. A. (2015). Predicting bystander behavior to prevent sexual assault on college campuses: The role of self-efficacy and intent. American Journal of Community Psychology, 56(1), 46–56. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-015-9740-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Hara, R. E., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Li, Z., & Sargent, J. D. (2012). Greater exposure to sexual content in popular movies predicts earlier sexual debut and increased sexual risk taking. Psychol Sci, 23(9), 984–993. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22810165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardun, C. J., L’Engle, K. L., & Brown, J. D. (2005). Linking exposure to outcomes: Early adolescents’ consumption of sexual content in six media. Mass Communication & Society, 8(2), 75–91. doi:10.1207/s15327825mcs0802_1
   Google Scholar
• Payne, D. L., Lonsway, K. A., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1999). Rape myth acceptance: Exploration of its structure and its measurement using the illinois rape myth acceptance scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 33, 27–68. doi:10.1006/jrpe.1998.2238
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). Adolescents and pornography: A review of 20 years of research. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(4–5), 509–531. doi:10.1080/00224499.2016.1143441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Springer Series in Social Psychology In Ed. Communication and Persuasion (pp. 1–24). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center (May, 2018). Teens, social media & technology 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Pinkleton, B. E., Austin, E. W., Chen, Y. C., & Cohen, M. (2012). The role of media literacy in shaping adolescents’ understanding of and responses to sexual portrayals in mass media. Journal of Health Communication, 17(4), 460–476. doi:10.1080/10810730.2011.635770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinkleton, B. E., Austin, E. W., Chen, Y. C., & Cohen, M. (2013). Assessing effects of a media literacy-based intervention on U.S. adolescents’ responses to and interpretations of sexual media messages. Journal of Children and Media, 7(4), 463–479. doi:10.1080/17482798.2013.781512
   Google Scholar
• Pinkleton, B. E., Austin, E. W., Cohen, M., Chen, Y. C., & Fitzgerald, E. (2008). Effects of a peer-led media literacy curriculum on adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes toward sexual behavior and media portrayals of sex. Health Commun, 23(5), 462–472. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18850393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Primack, B. A., Douglas, E. L., Land, S. R., Miller, E., & Fine, M. J. (2014). Comparison of media literacy and usual education to prevent tobacco use: A cluster-randomized trial. J Sch Health, 84(2), 106–115. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25099425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prinstein, M. J. (2003). Adolescent oral sex, peer popularity, and perceptions of best friends’ sexual behavior. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 28(4), 243–249. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsg012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodenhizer, K. A. E., & Edwards, K. M. (2017). The impacts of sexual media exposure on adolescent and emerging adults’ dating and sexual violence attitudes and behaviors: A critical review of the literature. Trauma Violence Abuse, 1524838017717745 Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29333966. doi:10.1177/1524838017717745
   Google Scholar
• Rothman, E. F., Adhia, A., Christensen, T. T., Paruk, J., Alder, J., & Daley, N. (2018). A pornography literacy class for youth: results of a feasibility and efficacy pilot study. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 13(1), 1–17. doi:10.1080/15546128.2018.1437100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santelli, J. S., Kantor, L. M., Grilo, S. A., Speizer, I. S., Lindberg, L. D., Heitel, J., … Ott, M. A. (2017). Abstinence-only-until-marriage: An updated review of u.s. policies and programs and their impact. J Adolesc Health, 61(3), 273–280. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28842065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scull, T. M., Kupersmidt, J. B., Malik, C. V., & Keefe, E. M. (2018). Examining the efficacy of an mHealth media literacy education program for sexual health promotion in older adolescents attending community college. Journal of American College Health, 66(3), 165–177. doi:10.1080/07448481.2017.1393822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scull, T. M., Kupersmidt, J. B., Malik, C. V., & Morgan-Lopez, A. A. (2018). Using media literacy education for adolescent sexual health promotion in middle school: Randomized control trial of media aware. Journal of Health Communication, 23(12), 1051. doi:10.1080/10810730.2018.1548669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scull, T. M., Kupersmidt, J. B., & Weatherholt, T. N. (2017). The effectiveness of online, family-based media literacy education for substance abuse prevention in elementary school children: Study of the media detective family program. Journal of Community Psychology, 45(6), 796–809. doi:10.1002/jcop.21893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scull, T. M., Malik, C. V., & Kupersmidt, J. B. (2014). A media literacy education approach to teaching adolescents comprehensive sexual health education. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 6(1), 1–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sedgh, G., Finer, L. B., Bankole, A., Eilers, M. A., & Singh, S. (2015). Adolescent pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates across countries: Levels and recent trends. J Adolesc Health, 56(2), 223–230. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25620306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiv, B., Britton, J. A. E., & Payne, J. W. (2004). Does elaboration increase or decrease the effectiveness of negatively versus positively framed messages? Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1), 199–208. doi:10.1086/383435
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Signorielli, N., & Bievenour, A. (2015). Sex in adolescent programming: A content analysis. Communication Research Reports, 32(4), 304–313. doi:10.1080/08824096.2015.1089856
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman, J. G., Raj, A., & Clements, K. (2004). Dating violence and associated sexual risk and pregnancy among adolescent girls in the United States. Pediatrics, 114(2), e220–e225. doi:10.1542/peds.114.2.e220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soet, J. E., Dudley, W. N., & Dilorio, C. (1999). The effects of ethnicity and perceived power on women’s sexual behavior. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 23, 707–723. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1999.tb00393.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, N., & Ingham, R. (2002). Factors Affecting british teenagers‘ contraceptive use at first intercourse: The importance of partner communication. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 34(4), 191–197. doi:10.2307/3097729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van De Bongardt, D., Reitz, E., Sandfort, T., & Dekovic, M. (2015). A meta-analysis of the relations between three types of peer norms and adolescent sexual behavior. Pers Soc Psychol Rev, 19(3), 203–234. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25217363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varier, D., Dumke, E. K., Abrams, L. M., Conklin, S. B., Barnes, J. S., & Hoover, N. R. (2017). Potential of one-to-one technologies in the classroom: Teachers and students weigh in. Educational Technology Research and Development, 65(4), 967–992. doi:10.1007/s11423-017-9509-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, L. M., Lippman, J., Erickson, S. E.,, & Giaccardi, S. (2016). Sexual media content and effects. In J. F. Nussbaum (Ed.), Oxford research encyclopedia of communication (Vol. 1, pp. 1–39). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, L. M., & Friedman, K. (2006). Using TV as a guide: Associations between television viewing and adolescents’ sexual attitudes and behavior. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16(1), 133–156. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00125.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wight, D. (1999). Limits to empowerment-based sex education. Health Education, 6, 223–243.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng, B., Warschauer, M., Lin, C.-H., & Chang, C. (2016). Learning in one-to-one laptop environments. Review of Educational Research, 86(4), 1052–1084. doi:10.3102/0034654316628645
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar