References
- Arem, H., Moore, S. C., Patel, A., Hartge, P., De Gonzalez, A. B., Visvanathan, K., Campbell, P. T., Freedman, M., Weiderpass, E., Adami, H. O., Linet, M. S., Lee, I.-M., & Matthews, C. E.(2015). Leisure time physical activity and mortality: A detailed pooled analysis of the dose-response relationship. JAMA Internal Medicine, 175(6), 959–967. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0533
- Berry, T. R., Yun, L., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., O’Reilly, N., Rhodes, R. E., Spence, J. C., Tremblay, M. S., & Vanderloo, L. M.(2019). Population-level evaluation of participACTION’s 150 play list: A mass-reach campaign with mass participatory events. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 58(6), 297–310.
- Boateng, H., Kosiba, J. P., Adam, D. R., Ofori, K. S., & Okoe, A. F. (2020). Examining brand loyalty from an attachment theory perspective. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Advance online publication. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-03-2019-0161
- Burke, P. J. (2006). Identity change. Social Psychology Quarterly, 69(1), 81–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/019027250606900106
- Choi, H., & Reid, L. N. (2018). Promoting healthy menu choices in fast food restaurant advertising: influence of perceived brand healthiness, brand commitment, and health consciousness. Journal of Health Communication, 23(4), 387–398. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2018.1455769
- Conner, M., & Norman, P. (2015). Predicting health behaviour: Research and practice with social cognition models. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
- Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjӧstrӧm, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, A. E.,Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., Sallis, J. F., & Oja, P.(2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(8), 1381–1395. doi:https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB
- El-Kotob, R., Ponzano, M., Chaput, J.-P., Janssen, I., Kho, M. E., Poitras, V. J., Ross, R., Ross-White, A., Saunders, T. J., & Giangregorio, L. M.(2020). Resistance training and health in adults: an overview of systematic reviews. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 45(10 Suppl. 2), S165–S179. doi:https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0245
- Evans, W. D., Blitstein, J., Vallone, D., Post, S., & Nielsen, W. (2015). Systematic review of health branding: growth of a promising practice. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 5(1), 24–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-014-0272-1
- Evans, W. D., Christoffel, K. K., Necheles, J., Becker, A. B., & Snider, J. (2011). Outcomes of the 5-4-3-2-1 Go! childhood obesity community trial. American Journal of Health Behavior, 35(2), 189–198. doi:https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.35.2.6
- Evans, W. D., Price, S., & Blahut, S. (2005). Evaluating the truth brand. Journal of Health Communication, 10(2), 181–192. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730590915137
- Faulkner, G., Yun, L., Tremblay, M., & Spence, J. (2018). Exploring the impact of the ‘New’ participACTION: overview and introduction of the special issue. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, 38(4), 153–161. doi:https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.38.4.01
- Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
- Giakoumaki, C., & Krepapa, A. (2020). Brand engagement in self‐concept and consumer engagement in social media: the role of the source. Psychology & Marketing, 37(3), 457–465. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21312
- Gilovich, T., & Gallo, I. (2020). Consumers’ pursuit of material and experiential purchases: A review. Consumer Psychology Review, 3(1), 20–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/arcp.1053
- Gorlier, T., & Michel, G. (2020). How special rewards in loyalty programs enrich consumer–brand relationships: the role of self‐expansion. Psychology & Marketing, 37(4), 588–603. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21328
- Grier, S., & Bryant, C. A. (2005). Social marketing in public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 26(1), 319–339. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144610
- Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2018). Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. The Lancet Global Health, 6(10), e1077–e1086. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7
- Huhman, M. E., Potter, L. D., Duke, J. C., Judkins, D. R., Heitzler, C. D., & Wong, F. L. (2007). Evaluation of a national physical activity intervention for children: VERB™ campaign, 2002-2004. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 32(1), 38–43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.030
- Jamal, A., & Al-Marri, M. (2007). Exploring the effect of self-image congruence and brand preference on satisfaction: the role of expertise. Journal of Marketing Management, 23(7–8), 613–629. doi:https://doi.org/10.1362/026725707X2266
- Jang, D., & Mattila, A. S. (2005). An examination of restaurant loyalty programs: what kinds of rewards do customers prefer? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17(5), 402–408. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110510604823
- Kang, H. (2013). The prevention and handling of the missing data. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 64(5), 402–406. doi:https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2013.64.5.402
- Keller, K. L. (2003). Understanding brands, branding and brand equity. Interactive Marketing, 5(1), 7–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.im.4340213
- Kendzierski, D., & Morganstein, M. S. (2009). Test, revision, and cross-validation of the physical activity self-definition model. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31(4), 484–504. doi:https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.4.484
- Kim, J., Morris, J. D., & Swait, J. (2008). Antecedents of true brand loyalty. Journal of Advertising, 37(2), 99–117.
- Kotler, P. H. (1991). Marketing management: Analysis, planning, and control (8th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Kubacki, K., Ronto, R., Lahtinen, V., Pang, B., & Rundle-Thiele, S. (2017). Social marketing interventions aiming to increase physical activity among adults: A systematic review. Health Education, 117(1), 69–89. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/HE-02-2016-0008
- Latimer-Cheung, A. E., Murumets, K., & Faulkner, G. (2014). ParticipACTION: The national voice of physical activity and sport in Canada. In R. Pate & D. Buchner (Eds.), Implementing physical activity strategies (pp. 61–70). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Lithopoulos, A., Dacin, P. A., Berry, T. R., Faulkner, G., O’Reilly, N., Rhodes, R. E., Spence, J. C., Tremblay, M. S., Vanderloo, L. M., & Latimer-Cheung, A. E.(2018). Examining the participACTION brand using the brand equity pyramid. Journal of Social Marketing, 8(4), 378–396. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JSOCM-11-2017-0071
- Lithopoulos, A., & Latimer-Cheung, A. E. (2020). An experimental application of the brand equity pyramid using a healthy movement product brand. Social Marketing Quarterly, 26(2), 129–145. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1524500420923352
- Lithopoulos, A., & Rhodes, R. E. (2020). The effects of branding on physical activity: A systematic review. Journal of Health Communication, 25(4), 303–312. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2020.1749734
- MacKinnon, D. P., Krull, J. L., & Lockwood, C. M. (2000). Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effect. Prevention Science, 1(4), 173–181. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026595011371
- Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N., & Karim, E. (2003). The burden of chronic disease. Science, 302(5652), 1921–1922. doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092488
- Mazodier, M., & Merunka, D. (2012). Achieving brand loyalty through sponsorship: the role of fit and self-congruity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(6), 807–820. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0285-y
- Metcalfe, J., & Mischel, W. (1999). A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review, 106(1), 3–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.1.3
- Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS (4th ed.). Crows Nest, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
- Park, C. W., MacInnis, D. J., Priester, J., Eisingerich, A. B., & Iacobucci, D. (2010). Brand attachment and brand attitude strength: conceptual and empirical differentiation of two critical brand equity drivers. Journal of Marketing, 74(6), 1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.74.6.1
- Price, S. M., Potter, L. D., Das, B., Wang, Y.-C. L., & Huhman, M. (2009). Exploring the influence of the VERB brand using a brand equity framework. Social Marketing Quarterly, 15(4), 66–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15245000903312034
- Priebe, C. S., Latimer-Cheung, A., Berry, T. R., O’Reilly, N., Rhodes, R. E., Spence, J. C., Tremblay, M. S., & Faulkner, G.(2019). Make room for play: an evaluation of a campaign promoting active play. Journal of Health Communication, 24(1), 38–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2019.1572838
- Rabbanee, F. K., Roy, R., & Spence, M. T. (2020). Factors affecting consumer engagement on online social networks: self-congruity, brand attachment, and self-extension tendency. European Journal of Marketing, Advance online publication. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-03-2018-0221
- Rhodes, R. E., Fiala, B., & Conner, M. (2009). A review and meta-analysis of affective judgments and physical activity in adult populations. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 38(3), 180–204. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9147-y
- Rhodes, R. E., Gray, S. M., & Husband, C. (2019). Experimental manipulation of affective judgments about physical activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of adults. Health Psychology Review, 13(1), 18–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2018.1530067
- Rhodes, R. E., Janssen, I., Bredin, S. S. D., Warburton, D. E. R., & Bauman, A. (2017). Physical activity: health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Psychology & Health, 32(8), 942–975. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2017.1325486
- Rhodes, R. E., Kaushal, N., & Quinlan, A. (2016). Is physical activity a part of who I am? A review and meta-analysis of identity, schema and physical activity. Health Psychology Review, 10(2), 204–225. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2016.1143334
- Rootman, I., & Edwards, P. (2004). The best laid schemes of mice and men participACTION’s legacy and the future of physical activity promotion in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 95(Suppl. 2), S37–S44.
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
- Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (3rd ed). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Snippe, M., Peters, G. Y., & Kok, G. (2021). The operationalization of self-identity in reasoned action models: A systematic review of self-identity operationalizations in three decades of research. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 9(1), 48–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2020.1852086
- Statistics Canada. (2019). Annual demographic estimates: Canada, Provinces and Territories. Analysis: Population by age and sex (Report No. 91-215-X).
- Strachan, S. M., Fortier, M. S., Perras, M. G. M., & Lugg, C. (2013). Understanding variations in exercise identity strength through identity theory and self-determination theory. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(3), 273–285. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2013.749005
- Strachan, S. M., Perras, M. G. M., Forneris, T., & Stadig, G. S. (2017). I’m an exerciser: common conceptualisations of and variation in exercise identity meanings. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(3), 321–336. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2015.1096292
- Tanouri, A., Mulcahy, R., & Russell-Bennett, R. (2019). Transformative gamification services for social behavior brand equity: A hierarchical model. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 29(2), 122–141. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-06-2018-0140
- Tremblay, M. S., Warburton, D. E. R., Janssen, I., Paterson, D. H., Latimer, A. E., Rhodes, R. E., Kho, M. E., Hicks, A., LeBlanc, A. G., Zehr, L., Murumets, K., & Duggan, M.(2011). New Canadian physical activity guidelines. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 36(1), 36–46. 47-58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1139/H11-009
- Truelove, S., Vanderloo, L. M., Tucker, P., Di Sebastiano, K. M., & Faulkner, G. (2020). The use of the behaviour change wheel in the development of participACTION’s physical activity app. Preventive Medicine Reports, 20, 101224. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101224
- Walker, A. R. (2007). Multiple chronic diseases and quality of life: patterns emerging from a large sample, Australia. Chronic Illness, 3(3), 202–218. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1742395307081504
- Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2017). Health benefits of physical activity: A systematic review of current systematic reviews. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 32(5), 541–556. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000437
- Wijnands, F., & Gill, T. (2020). ‘You’re not perfect, but you’re still my favourite.’ Brand affective congruence as a new determinant of self-brand congruence. Journal of Marketing Management, Advance online publication. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2020.1767679
- Wilson, P. M., & Muon, S. (2008). Psychometric properties of the exercise identity scale in a university sample. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6(2), 115–131. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2008.9671857
- World Health Organization. (2019). World health statistics 2019: monitoring for the sustainable development goals. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/324835/9789241565707-eng.pdf