Validating Measures of Scanned Information Exposure in the Context of Cancer Prevention and Screening Behaviors

References

• American Urological Association . ( 2000 ). Prostate-specific antigen best practice policy . Oncology , 14 , 267 – 286 . Retrieved May 5, 2005, from. http://www.cancernetwork.com/journals/oncology/o0002e.htm
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arora , N. K. ( 2003 ). Interacting with cancer patients: The significance of physicians' communication behavior . Social Science & Medicine , 57 , 791 – 806 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkin , C. K. ( 1973 ). Instrumental utilities und information seeking . In P. Clarke (Ed.) , New models for communication research (pp. 205 – 242 ). Beverly Hills , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Bader , J. L. , & Theofanos , M. F. ( 2003 ). Searching for cancer information on the internet: Analyzing natural language search queries . Journal of Medicine and Internet Research , 5 , e31 .
   Google Scholar
• Bakker , D. A. , Fitch , M. I. , Gray , R. , Reed , E. , & Bennett , J. ( 2001 ). Patient-health care provider communication during chemotherapy treatment: The perspectives of women with breast cancer . Patient Education and Counseling , 43 ( 1 ), 61 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. ( 1986 ). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory . Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Berger , C. R. ( 2002 ). Strategic and nonstrategic information acquisition . Human Communication Research , 28 , 287 – 297 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein , R. F. , Leone , D. R. , & Galley , D. J. ( 1987 ). The generalizability of subliminal mere exposure effects: Influence of stimuli perceived without awareness on social behavior . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 53 , 1070 – 1079 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brashers , D. E. , Goldsmith , D. J. , & Hsieh , E. ( 2002 ). Information seeking and avoiding in health contexts . Human Communication Research , 28 , 258 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , D. T. , & Fiske , D. ( 1959 ). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix . Psychological Bulletin , 56 , 81 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Case , D. O. ( 2002 ). Looking for information: A survey of research on information seeking, needs, and behavior . San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Casey , M. K. , Allen , M. , Emmers-Sommer , T. , Sahlstein , E. , Degooyer , D. , et al. . ( 2003 ). When a celebrity contracts a disease: The example of Earvin “Magic” Johnson's announcement that he was HIV positive . Journal of Health Communication , 8 , 249 – 265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , C. P. , Williams , K. N. , Carey , K. A. , Fowler , C. S. , Frank , M. , & Gelb , C. A. ( 2004 ). Advertising campaign on a major internet search engine to promote colorectal cancer screening . British Medical Journal , 328 , 1179 – 1180 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cram , P. , Fendrick , M. A. , Inadmoi , J. , Cowen , M. E. , Carpenter , D. , & Vijan , S. ( 2003 ). The impact of a celebrity promotional campaign on the use of colon cancer screening . Archives of Internal Medicine , 163 , 1601 – 1605 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronbach , L. J. , & Meehl , P. E. ( 1955 ). Construct validity in psychological tests . Psychological Bulletin , 52 , 281 – 302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czaja , R. , Manfredi , C. , & Price , J. ( 2003 ). The determinants and consequences of information seeking among cancer patients . Journal of Health Communication , 8 , 529 – 562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donohew , L. , Lorch , E. P. , & Palmgreen , P. ( 1998 ). Applications of a theoretic model of information exposure to health interventions . Human Communication Research , 24 , 454 – 468 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eveland , W. P. , & Dunwoody , S. ( 2002 ). An investigation of elaboration and selective scanning as mediators of learning from the web versus print . Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media , 46 , 34 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysenbach , G. , Powell , J. , Kuss , O. , & Sa , E. R. ( 2002 ). Empirical studies assessing the quality of health information for consumers on the world wide web: A systematic review . Journal of the American Medical Association , 287 , 2691 – 2700 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan , D. P. , & Holway , W. B. ( 1994 ). Media coverage of cocaine and its impact on usage patterns . International Journal of Public Opinion Research , 6 , 139 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbein , M. , & Ajzen , I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior . Reading , MA : Addison Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Fox , S. , & Ranie , L. ( 2002 ). Vital decisions: How internet users decide what information to trust when they or their loved ones are at risk . Washington , DC : Pew Internet and American Life Project .
   Google Scholar
• Freimuth , V. S. , Stein , J. A. , & Kean , T. J. ( 1989 ). Searching for health information: The cancer information service model . Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press .
   Google Scholar
• Griffin , R. J. , Dunwoody , S. , & Neuwirth , K. ( 1999 ). Proposed model of the relationship of risk information seeking and processing to the development of preventive behaviors . Environmental Research , 80 , S230 – S245 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , J. D. ( 1997 ). Cancer-related information seeking . Cresskill , NJ : Hampton Press .
   Google Scholar
• Katz , M. L. , James , A. S. , Pignone , M. P. , Hudson , M. A. , Jackson , E. , & et al. . ( 2004 ). Colorectal cancer screening among African American church members: A qualitative and quantitative study of patient-provider communication . BMC Public Health , 4 , 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyani , S. , & Mathews , J. ( 2001 ). Cutting to the chase: Delivering usable and useful on-line health information web sites through usability engineering . Health Promotion Practice , 2 , 130 – 132 .
   Google Scholar
• Krugman , H. E. , & Hartley , E. L. ( 1970 ). Passive learning from television . The Public Opinion Quarterly , 34 ( 2 ), 184 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leadbeater , M. ( 2005 ). A nurse-led e-mail service for breast cancer information . Nursing Times , 101 , 36 – 38 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCombs , M. E. , & Shaw , D. L. ( 1972 ). The agenda-setting function of mass media . Public Opinion Quarterly , 36 , 176 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). HHS, Public Health Service (PHS) . ( 1998 ). Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults : The Evidence Report. Obesity Research, 6(Suppl. 2), 51S–209S .
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen , T. T. , & McPhee , S. J. ( 2003 ). Patient-provider communication in cancer screening . Journal of General Internal Medicine , 18 , 402 – 403 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niederdeppe , J. ( 2005 ). Assessing the validity of confirmed ad recall measures for public health communication campaigns . Journal of Health Communication , 10 , 635 – 650 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niederdeppe , J. ( 2006 ). Contingent effects of cancer news coverage on sought and scanned information exposure (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 2006, Digital Dissertations) .
   Google Scholar
• Niederdeppe , J. , Hornik , R. , Kelly , B. , Frosch , D. , Romantan , A. , Stevens , R. , Barg , F. , Weiner , J. , & Schwarz , S. ( 2007 ). Examining the dimensions of cancer-related information scanning and seeking behavior . Health Communication , 22 , 153 – 167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce , J. P. , & Gilpin , E. A. ( 2001 ). News media coverage of smoking and health is associated with changes in population rates of smoking cessation but not initiation . Tobacco Control , 10 , 145 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price , V. , & Czilli , E. J. ( 1996 ). Modeling patterns of news recognition and recall . Journal of Communication , 46 ( 2 ), 55 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price , V. , & Zaller , J. ( 1993 ). Who gets the news? alternative measures of news reception and their implications for research . The Public Opinion Quarterly , 57 , 133 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , E. M. ( 2000 ). Reflections on news event diffusion research . Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , 77 , 561 – 576 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romantan , A. , Hornik , R. , Price , V. , Cappella , J. , Weiner , J. , Viswanath , K. ( 2008 ). A comparative analysis of the performance of alternative and complementary measures of incidental exposure . Communication Methods and Measures , 2 , 80 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenstock , I. M. ( 1974 ). Historical origins of health belief model . Health Education Monographs , 2 , 328 – 335 .
   Google Scholar
• Salmon , C. T. (1986). Message discrimination and the information environment. Communication Research , 13, 363–372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satterland , M. J. , McCaul , K. D. , & Sandgren , A. K. ( 2003 ). Information gathering over time by breast cancer patients . Journal of Medical Internet Research , 5 , e15 .
   Google Scholar
• Schutt , R. K. ( 2004 ). Investigating the social world: The process and practice of research , (4th ed.) . Thousand Oaks , CA : Pine Forge Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shadish , W. R. , Cook , T. D. , Campbell , D. T. ( 2002 ). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference . Boston : Houghton Mifflin Company .
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro , S. ( 1999 ). When an ad's influence is beyond our conscious control: Perceptual and conceptual fluency effects caused by incidental ad exposure . Journal of Consumer Research , 26 , 16 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro , S. , MacInnis , D. J. , & Heckler , S. E. ( 1997 ). The effects of incidental ad exposure on the formation of consideration sets . Journal of Consumer Research , 24 , 94 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim , M. , Kelly , B. , & Hornik , R. ( 2006 ). Cancer-related seeking and scanning behavior is associated with cancer knowledge, lifestyle and screening behaviors . Journal of Health Communication , 11 ( Suppl. 2 ), 157 – 172 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slater , M. D. ( 1997 ). Persuasion processes across receiver goals and message genres . Communication Theory , 7 , 125 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , R. A. , Cokkinides , V. , & Eyre , H. J. ( 2004 ). American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer, 2004 . CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians , 54 , 41 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southwell , B. G. , Barmada , C. H. , Hornik , R. C. , & Maklan , D. M. ( 2002 ). Can we measure encoded exposure? Evidence from a national campaign . Journal of Health Communication , 7 , 445 – 453 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stryker , J. E. ( 2003 ). Mainstream and ethnic/minority news coverage of cancer . Cancer Control Research Grant Number 5R21CA098437 . Bethesda , MD : National Cancer Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Stryker , J. E. , Wray , R. , Hornik , R. C. , & Yanovitzky , I. ( 2006 ). Validation of database search terms for content analysis: The case of cancer news coverage . Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , 83 , 413 – 430 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talosig-Garcia , M. , & Davis , S. W. ( 2005 ). Information-seeking behavior of minority breast cancer patients: An exploratory study . Journal of Health Communication , 10 , 53 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewksbury , D. , Weaver , A. J. , & Maddex , B. D. ( 2001 ). Accidentally informed: Incidental news exposure on the world wide web . Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , 78 , 533 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorne , S. , Hislop , T. G. , Kuo , M. , & Armstrong , E. A. ( 2006 ). Hope and probability: Patient perspectives of the meaning of numerical information in cancer communication . Qualitative Health Research , 16 , 318 – 336 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trochim , W. ( 2000 ). The research methods knowledge base . Cincinnati : Atomic Dog Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force . ( 2002, February ). Screening for breast cancer: Recommendations and rationale . Rockville , MD : Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality . Retrieved July 12, 2005 from http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsbrca.htm
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force . ( 2002, July ). Screening for colorectal cancer:Recommendations and rationale . Rockville , MD : Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality . Retrieved May 5, 2005, from http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/colorectal/colorr.htm
   Google Scholar
• Viswanath , K. ( 2005 ). The communications revolution and cancer control . Nature , 5 , 828 – 835 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanovitzky , I. & Stryker , J. ( 2001 ). Mass media, social norms, and health promotion efforts: A longitudinal study of media effects on youth binge drinking . Communication Research , 28 , 208 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zukin , C. , & Snyder , R. ( 1984 ). Passive learning: When the media environment is the message . The Public Opinion Quarterly , 48 ( 3 ), 629 – 638 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar