1,093
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Part I: Re-Conceptualizing Access and Opportunity for Low-Income Youth

The Underserved Third: How Our Educational Structures Populate an Educational Underclass

&
Pages 27-50 | Published online: 19 Apr 2010

REFERENCES

  • Advisory Committee for the National Assessment of Vocational Education . ( 2003 ). Report of the advisory committee for the national assessment of vocational education . Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Education Office of the Undersecretary .
  • Agodini , R. , & Deke , J. ( 2004 ). The relationship between high school vocational education and dropping out [Report submitted to the U.S. Planning and Evaluation Service]. Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research.
  • Altonji , J. ( 1995 ). The effects of high school curriculum on education and labor market outcomes . Journal of Human Resources , 30 , 409 – 438 .
  • American Institutes for Research . ( 1999 ). An educators' guide to school wide reform . Arlington , VA : Educational Research Service .
  • Arum , R. , & Shavit , Y. ( 1995 ). Secondary vocational education and the transition from school-to-work . Sociology of Education , 86 , 187 – 204 .
  • Astin , A. , & Oseguera , L. ( 2004 ). The declining equity of American higher education . Review of Higher Education , 27 , 321 – 341 .
  • Attewell , P. , & Lavin , D. ( 2007 ). Passing the torch: Does higher education for the disadvantaged pay off across the generations? New York , NY : Russell Sage Foundation .
  • Bachman , J. G. , & Schulenburg , J. ( 1993 ). How part-time work intensity relates to drug use, problem behavior, time use, and satisfaction among high school seniors: Are these consequences or merely correlates? Developmental Psychology , 29 , 220 – 235 .
  • Bailey , T. ( 2009 ). Addressing the needs of underprepared students . Community College Research Center (CCRC) Currents . New York , NY : Institute on Education and the Economy (IEE) at Teachers College, Columbia University .
  • Barton , P. E. ( 2008 ). How many college graduates does the U.S. labor force really need? Change Magazine , 40 ( 1 ), 16 – 21 .
  • Benson , C. S. ( 1997 ). The new vocationalism in the United States: Potential problems and outlook . Economics of Education Review , 16 , 202 – 212 .
  • Berkner , L. , Horn , L. , & Clune , M. ( 2000 ). Descriptive summary of 1995–96 beginning postsecondary students: Three years later, with an essay on students who started at less-than-4-year institutions . Washington , DC : National Center for Education Statistics .
  • Bernstein , A. ( 1986 ). The devaluation of transfer: Current explanations and possible causes . In L. S. Zwerling (Ed.), The community college and its critics: New directions for community colleges (pp. 31 – 40 ). San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Bishop , J. ( 1989 ). Occupational training in high school: When does it pay off? Economics of Education Review , 8 , 1 – 15 .
  • Bishop , J. , & Mane , F. ( 2004 ). The impacts of career-technical education on high school labor market success . Economics of Education Review , 23 , 381 – 402 .
  • Boesel , D. , & McFarland , L. ( 1994 ). National assessment of vocational education final report to congress: Vol. 1: Summary and recommendations . Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Education .
  • Bottoms , G. , & Young , M. ( 2008 ). Lost in transition: Building a better path from school to college and careers . Atlanta , GA : Southern Regional Education Board .
  • Bozick , R. , & DeLuca , S. ( 2009 ). Not making the transition to college: School, work, and opportunities in the lives of contemporary high school graduates. Paper under review.
  • Bragg , D. ( 2001 ). Promising outcomes for tech prep participants in eight local consortia: A summary of initial results . St. Paul , MN : University of Minnesota, National Research Center for Career and Technical Education .
  • Bragg , D. , Puckett , P. A. , Reger , W. , & Ortman , T. J. ( 1997 ). Tech-prep/school-to-work partnerships: More trends and challenges (MDS-1078) . Berkeley , CA : University of California, National Center for Research in Vocational Education .
  • Brint , S. ( 2003 ). Few remaining dreams: Community colleges since 1985 . Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Community College at a Crossroads: Emerging Issue , 586 , 16 – 37 .
  • Brint , S. , & Karabel , J. ( 1989 ). The diverted dream: Community colleges and the promise of educational opportunity in America, 1900–1985 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Cabrera , A. , & LaNasa , S. ( 2002 ). Understanding the college choice process of disadvantaged students . San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Carl , D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006, Pub. L. No. 109-270 (2006).
  • Castellano , M. , & Overman , L. T. ( 2009, June ). Community college access and affordability for occupational and non-traditional students . Louisville , KY : National Research Center for Career and Technical Education, University of Louisville . Retrieved from http://136.165.122.102/UserFiles/File/pubs/NRCCTE_Comm_College_research_book.pdf
  • Castellano , M. , Stringfield , S. , & Stone III , J. R. ( 2003 ). Secondary career and technical education and comprehensive school reform: Implications for research and practice . Review of Educational Research , 73 , 231 – 272 .
  • Cellini , S. ( 2006 ). Smoothing the transition to college? The effect of tech-prep programs on educational attainment . Economics of Education Review , 25 , 394 – 411 .
  • Chung , A. , & Deil-Amen , R. ( 2008, November ). For-profit colleges and the students who choose them: Identifying paradoxes, pathways, and possibilities . Paper presented at the Association for the Study of Higher Education Annual Meeting, Jacksonville, FL .
  • Clark , B. ( 1960a ). The open door college . New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
  • Clark , B. ( 1960b ). The cooling out function in higher education . American Journal of Sociology , 65 , 569 – 576 .
  • Cohen , A. , & Brawer , F. ( 1996 ). The American community college , (3rd ed.) . San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Cohen , A. , & Ignash , J. ( 1994 ). An overview of the total credit curriculum . In A. M. Cohen (Ed.), Relating curriculum and transfer: New directions for community colleges ( Vol. 86 , pp. 13 – 29 ). San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Cohen , M. , & Besharov , D. J. ( 2004 ). The important role of career and technical education: Implications for federal policy [ Welfare Reform Academy Report ]. Washington , DC : American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research .
  • Deil-Amen , R. , & Rosenbaum , J. E. ( 2002 ). The unintended consequences of stigma-free remediation . Sociology of Education , 75 , 249 – 268 .
  • Deil-Amen , R. , & Rosenbaum , J. E. ( 2004 ). Charter building at low status colleges . Sociology of Education , 77 , 245 – 265 .
  • Deil-Amen , R. , & Tevis , T. ( 2007, August ). Misalignment of hope and habitus: The relevance of entrance exams in Black and Latino students' college plans . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal, Canada .
  • Deil-Amen , R. , & Turley , R. ( 2007 ). A review of the transition to college literature in sociology . Teachers College Record , 109 ( 10 ). Retrieved from http://www.tcrecord.org/content.asp?contentid=12583
  • DeLuca , S. , Plank , S. B. , & Estacion , A. ( 2006 ). Does career and technical education affect college enrollment? St. Paul , MN : National Research Center for Career and Technical Education, University of Minnesota.
  • Dewey , J. ( 1926 ). Democracy and education: An introduction to the philosophy of education . New York , NY : Macmillan . ( Original work published 1916 )
  • Dohm , A. , & Shniper , L. ( 2007 ). Occupational employment projections to 2016 . Monthly Labor Review , 130 ( 11 ), 86 – 125 .
  • Dougherty , K. J. ( 1994 ). The contradictory college: The conflicting origins, impacts, and futures of the community college . Albany , NY : State University of New York Press .
  • Dougherty , K. J. , & Bakia , M. ( 2000 ). The new economic development role of the community college ( CCRC Research Brief, No. 6 ) Albany , NY : Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University .
  • Education Trust . ( 1999 ). Ticket to nowhere. The gap between leaving high school and entering college and high performance jobs . Retrieved from http://www.edtrust.org/dc/press-room/archive/press-releases/1999
  • Entwisle , D. R. , Alexander , K. , & Olson , L. S. ( 2000 ). Early work histories of urban youth . American Sociological Review , 65 , 279 – 297 .
  • Frome , P. ( 2001 ). High schools that work: Findings from the 1996 and 1998 assessments . Research Triangle Park , NC : Research Triangle Institute Report .
  • Gamoran , A. , & Mare , R. D. ( 1989 ). Secondary school tracking and education inequality: Compensation, reinforcement, or neutrality? American Journal of Sociology , 94 , 1146 – 1183 .
  • Gandara , P. , & Contreras , F. ( 2009 ). The Latino education crisis: The consequences of failed social policies . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Goldberger , S. ( 2007 ). Doing the math: What it means to double the number of low-income college graduates . In N. Hoffman , J. Vargas , A. Venezia , & M. S. Miller (Eds.), Minding the gap: Why integrating high school with college makes sense and how to do it (pp. 27 – 41 ). Cambridge , MA : Harvard Education Press .
  • Gray , K. , & Herr , E. (2000). Other ways to win: Creating alternatives for high school graduates . Thousand Oaks , CA : Corwin Press.
  • Greene , J. , & Foster , G. ( 2003 ). Public high school graduation and college readiness rates in the United States (Manhattan Institute, Center for Civic Information Education Working Paper, No. 3) . New York , NY : Manhattan Institute .
  • Griffith , J. , & Wade , J. ( 2001 ). The relation of high school career- and work-oriented education to postsecondary employment and college performance: A six-year longitudinal study of public high school graduates . Journal of Vocational Education Research , 26 , 328 – 365 .
  • Grubb , W. N. ( 1996 ). Working in the middle: Strengthening education and training for the mid-skilled labor force . San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Grubb , W. N. ( 2001 ). From isolation to integration: Postsecondary vocational education and emerging systems of workforce development . In D. Bragg (Ed.), New directions for community colleges (pp. 27 – 38 ). Edison , NJ : Wiley .
  • Grubb , W. N. ( 2002 ). Learning and earning in the middle, Part I: National Studies of Pre-baccalaureate Education . Economics of Education Review , 21 , 299 – 321 .
  • Hecker , D. E. ( 2005 ). Occupational employment projections to 2014 . Monthly Labor Review , 128 ( 11 ), 70 – 101 .
  • Hirschman , C. , & Voloshin , I. ( 2007 ). The structure of teenage employment: Social background and the jobs held by high school seniors . Research in Social Stratification and Mobility , 25 , 189 – 203 .
  • Horn , L. , & Berger , R. ( 2005 ). College persistence on the rise? Changes in 5-year degree completion and postsecondary persistence rates between 1994 and 2000 . Washington , DC : National Center for Education Statistics .
  • Kane , T. J. , & Rouse , C. E. ( 1995 ). Labor market returns to two- and four-year college . American Economic Review , 85 , 600 – 614 .
  • Kang , S. , & Bishop , J. H. ( 1989 ). Vocational and academic education in high school: Complements or substitutes . Economics of Education Review , 8 , 133 – 148 .
  • Karoly , L. A. ( 1992 ). Changes in the distribution of individual earnings in the United States, 1967–1986 . Review of Economics and Statistics , 74 , 107 – 15 .
  • Kaufmann , P. , Bradby , D. , & Teitelbaum , P. ( 2000 ). High Schools That Work and whole school reform: Raising academic achievement of vocational completers through the reform of school practice . Berkeley , CA : National Center for Research in Vocational Education .
  • Kemple , J. J. ( 2001 ). Career academies: Impacts on students' initial transitions to postsecondary education and employment . New York , NY : MDRC .
  • Kemple , J. J. ( 2008 ). Career academies: Long term impacts of labor market outcomes, educational attainment and transitions to adulthood . New York , NY : MDRC .
  • Kemple , J. J. , & Rock , J. L. ( 1996 ). Career academies early implementation lessons from a 10-site evaluation . New York , NY : MDRC .
  • Kerckhoff , A. C. ( 1993 ). Diverging pathways: Social structure and career deflections . Cambridge , MA : Cambridge University Press .
  • Kerckhoff , A. C. ( 1995 ). Institutional arrangements and stratification processes in industrial societies . Annual Review of Sociology , 21 , 323 – 347 .
  • Kerckhoff , A. C. ( 2001 ). Education and social stratification processes in comparative perspective . Sociology of Education, Extra Issue , 3 – 18 .
  • Kulik , J. A. ( 1998 ). Curricular tracks and high school vocational education . In A. Gamoran (Ed.), The quality of vocational education: Background papers from the 1994 National Assessment of Vocational Education (pp. 65 – 131 ). Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Education .
  • Laird , J. , Chen , X. X. , & Levesque , K. ( 2006 ). The postsecondary educational experiences of high school career and technical education concentrators: Selected results from the nels:88/2000 postsecondary education transcript study (PETS) 2000 ( NCES 2006-309rev ). Washington , DC : National Center for Education Statistics . Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch
  • Levesque , K. , Lauen , D. , Teitelbaum , P. , Alt , M. , & Librera , S. ( 2000 ). Vocational education in the United States: Toward the year 2000 (NCES 2000-029) . Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Education .
  • Levesque , K. , Laird , J. , Hensley , E. , Choy , S. P. , Cataldi , E. F. , & Hudson , L. ( 2008 ). Career and technical education in the United States: 1990 to 2005 ( NCES 2008-035 ). Washington , DC : National Center for Education Statistics .
  • Levy , F. S. , & Murnane , R. J. ( 1992 ). U.S. earnings levels and earnings inequality: A review of recent trends and proposed explanations . Journal of Economic Literature , 30 , 1333 – 1381 .
  • Lewis , M. V. , Kosine , N. R. , & Overman , L. (2008). What will be the impact of programs of study? A preliminary assessment based on similar previous initiatives, state plans for implementation, and career development theory . Louisville , KY : National Research Center for Career and Technical Education, University of Louisville. Retrieved from http://136.165.122.102/UserFiles/File/pubs/POS_Study_Morgan.pdf
  • Light , A. ( 2002 ). High school employment, high school curriculum and post-school wages . Economics of Education Review , 18 , 291 – 309 .
  • Long , B. , & Kurlaender , M. ( 2009 ). Do community colleges provide a viable pathway to a baccalaureate degree? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis , 31 ( 1 ), 30 – 53 .
  • Lucas , S. R. ( 1999 ). Tracking inequality . New York , NY : Teachers College Press .
  • Lucas , S. R. ( 2008 ). Constructing equal pathways in and effectively maintained inequality society . In J. Oakes & M. Saunders (Eds.), Beyond tracking: Multiple pathways to college, career, and civic participation (pp. 233 – 250 ). Cambridge , MA : Harvard Education Press .
  • Lynch , R. L. ( 2000 ). High school career and technical education for the first decade of the 21st century . Journal of Vocational Education Research , 25 , 155 – 198 .
  • MacAllum , K. , Yoder , K. , Scott , K. , & Bozick , R. ( 2002 ). Moving forward: College and career transitions of LAMP graduates . Washington , DC : Academy for Educational Development .
  • Mane , F. ( 1999 ). Trends in the payoff to academic and occupation-specific skills: The short and medium run returns to academic and vocational high school courses for non-college-bound students . Economics of Education Review , 18 , 417 – 437 .
  • Marcotte , D. E. , Bailey , T. , Borkoski , B. , & Kienzl , G. S. ( 2005 ). The returns to education at community colleges: Evidence from the national education longitudinal survey . Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis , 27 , 157 – 175 .
  • Maxwell , N. ( 2001 ). Step to college: Moving from the high school career academy through the four-year university . Evaluation Review , 25 , 619 – 654 .
  • Maxwell , N. , & Rubin , V. ( 2002 ). High school career academies and postsecondary outcomes . Economics of Education Review , 21 , 137 – 152 .
  • Mihalic , S. W. , & Elliott , D. ( 1997 ). Short- and long-term consequences of adolescent work . Youth and Society , 28 , 464 – 498 .
  • Mortimer , J. T. ( 2003 ). Working and growing up in America . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Staff , J. , & Mortimer , J. T. ( 2007 ). Educational and work strategies from adolescence to early adulthood: Consequences for educational attainment . Social Forces , 85 , 1169 – 1194 .
  • National Center for Education Statistics . ( 1999 ). 1998 Revision of the Secondary School Taxonomy ( Working paper no. 1999-06 ). Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Education .
  • National Center for Education Statistics . ( 2001 ). Features of occupational programs at the secondary and postsecondary education levels ( NCES 2001-018 ). Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Education .
  • National Center for Education Statistics . ( 2003 ). Remedial education at degree-granting postsecondary institutions in fall 2000 . Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Education .
  • National Center for Higher Education Management Systems . ( 2007 ). Adding it up: State challenges for increasing college access and success . Boston , MA : National Center for Higher Education Management Systems and Jobs for the Future, Making Opportunity Affordable . Retrieved from http://www.cpec.ca.gov/CompleteReports/ExternalDocuments/Adding_It_Up.pdf
  • National Research Council, and Institute of Medicine . ( 2004 ). Engaging schools: Fostering high school students' motivation to learn . Washington , DC : National Academy Press .
  • Newman , K. S. ( 1999 ). No shame in my game: The working poor in the inner city . New York , NY : Alfred A. Knopf and Russell Sage .
  • Oakes , J. ( 1985 ). Keeping track . New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
  • Oakes , J. , & Saunders , M. ( 2008 ). Beyond tracking: Multiple pathways to college, career, and civic participation . Cambridge , MA : Harvard Education Press .
  • Orfield , G. , Marin , P. , & Horn , C. L. (Eds.). ( 2005 ). Higher education and the color line: College access, racial equity, and social change . Cambridge , MA : Harvard Education Press .
  • Orr , M. T. , Hughes , K. , & Karp , M. ( 2002, April ). A quality transition: Career academy seniors' improved preparedness and alumni's career and educational success . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA .
  • Parsad , B. , & Lewis , L. (2003). Remedial education at degree-granting postsecondary institutions in fall 2000 . Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2004010
  • Perna , L. W. ( 2006 ). Studying college choice: A proposed conceptual model . In J. C. Smart (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research, XXI : 91 – 157 . New York , NY : Springer .
  • Person , A. E. , & Rosenbaum , J. E. ( 2006 ). Chain enrollment and college enclaves: Benefits and drawbacks of Latino college students' enrollment decisions . New Directions for Community Colleges , 133 , 51 – 60 .
  • Plank , S. , DeLuca , S. , & Estacion , A. ( 2008 ). High school dropout and the role of career and technical education: A survival analysis of surviving high school . Sociology of Education , 81 , 345 – 370 .
  • Pittman , R. B. ( 1991 ). Social factors, enrollment in vocational/technical courses, and high school dropout rates . Journal of Educational Research , 84 , 288 – 295 .
  • Prager , C. ( 1988 ). The other transfer degree . In C. Prager (Ed.), Enhancing articulation and transfer. New directions for community colleges, 61 (pp. 77 – 88 ). San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Rose , M. ( 2008 ). Blending “hand work” and “brain work”: Can multiple pathways deepen learning? In J. Oakes & M. Saunders (Eds.), Beyond tracking: Multiple pathways to college, career, and civic participation (pp. 21 – 35 ). Cambridge , MA : Harvard Education Press .
  • Rosenbaum , J. E. ( 1976 ). Making inequality: The hidden curriculum of high school tracking . New York , NY : Wiley .
  • Rosenbaum , J. E. ( 2001 ). Beyond college for all: Career paths of the forgotten half . New York , NY : Russell Sage .
  • Rosenbaum , J. E. , Deil-Amen , R. , & Person , A. E. ( 2006 ). After admission: From college access to college success . New York , NY : Russell Sage .
  • Rosenbaum , J. E. , DeLuca , S. , Miller , S. R. , & Roy , K. ( 1999 ). Pathways into work: Short and long term effects of personal and institutional ties . Sociology of Education , 72 , 179 – 196 .
  • Rothstein , R. ( 2002 ). Out of balance: Our understanding of how schools affect society and how society affects schools (Essay, 30th Anniversary Conference, Traditions of Scholarship in Education) . Chicago , IL : The Spencer Foundation .
  • Royster , D. ( 2003 ). Race and the invisible hand: How White networks exclude Black men from blue collar jobs . Los Angeles , CA : University of California Press .
  • Rumberger , R. W. ( 1981 ). The rising incidence of over education in the U.S. labor market . Journal of Human Resources , 1 , 293 – 314 .
  • Schneider , B. , Swanson , C. , & Riegle-Crumb , C. ( 1998 ). Opportunities for learning: Course sequences and positional advantages . Social Psychology of Education , 2 , 25 – 53 .
  • Staff , J. , & Mortimer , J. ( 2007 ). Educational and work strategies from adolescence to early adulthood: Consequences for educational attainment . Social Forces , 85 , 1169 – 1194 .
  • Stern , D. , Dayton , C. , & Raby , M. ( 2000 ). Career academies: Building blocks for reconstructing American high schools . Berkeley , CA : University of California at Berkeley .
  • Stern , D. , Finkelstein , N. , Urquiola , M. , & Cagampang , H. ( 1997 ). What difference does it make if school and work are connected? Evidence on co-operative education in the United States . Economics of Education Review , 16 , 213 – 229 .
  • Stern , D. , Raby , M. , & Dayton , C. ( 1992 ). Career academies: Partnerships for reconstructing American high schools . San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Stern , D. , Stone , J. III. , Hopkins , C. , McMillion , M. , & Crain , R. ( 1994 ). School-based enterprise: Productive learning in American high schools . San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Stoll , M. A. ( 2008 ). Can multiple pathways link vulnerable groups to changing labor markets? In J. Oakes & M. Saunders (Eds.), Beyond tracking: Multiple pathways to college, career, and civic participation (pp. 113 – 130 ). Cambridge , MA : Harvard Education Press .
  • Stone , J. R. III. ( 2000 ). Editor's notes . Journal of Vocational Education Research , 25 , 85 – 91 .
  • Townsend , B. K. ( 2001 ) Blurring the lines: Transforming terminal education to transfer education . In D. Bragg (Ed.), New Directions for Community Colleges, 115 , 63 – 72 .
  • Townsend , B. K. , & Wilson , K. B. ( 2006 ). The transfer mission: Tried and true, but troubled? In K. Dougherty & B. Townsend (Eds.), New directions for community colleges, 136 , 33 – 41 .
  • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics . ( 2001 ). Office, administrative support largest occupation . Washington , DC : Author . Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2001/Nov/wk4/art01.htm
  • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2006). Occupational employment and wages, 2006. Figure 1 Largest occupations in the United States, May . Washington , DC : Author.
  • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics . ( 2007 ). A profile of the working poor, 2005, Report 1001 Table 3.2 . Washington , DC : Author . Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpswp2005.pdf
  • U.S. Department of Education . ( 2004 ). National Assessment of Vocational Education. Final report to Congress . Washington , DC : Author . Retrieved from http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/sectech/nave/navefinal.pdf
  • U.S. Department of Education . ( 2006 ). A test of leadership: Charting the future of U.S. higher education . Washington , DC . Retrieved from http://www.ed.gov/about/bdscomm/list/hiedfuture/reports/final-report.pdf
  • Valentine , J. C. , Hirschy , A. S. , Bremer , C. , Novillo , W. , Castellano , M. , & Banister , A. ( 2009 ). Systematic reviews of research: Postsecondary transitions—Identifying effective models and practices . Louisville , KY : National Research Center for Career and Technical Education, University of Louisville . Retrieved from http://136.165.122.102/UserFiles/File/pubs/Valentine_Postsecondary_Transitions.pdf
  • Vanfossen , B. , Jones , J. , & Spade , J. ( 1987 ). Curriculum tracking and status maintenance . Sociology of Education , 60 , 104 – 122 .
  • Vargas , J. ( 2004 ) College knowledge: Addressing information barriers to college . Boston , MA : Education Research Institute .
  • Venezia , A. , Kirst , M. W. , & Antonio , A. L. ( 2003 ). Betraying the college dream: How disconnected K–12 and postsecondary education systems undermine student aspirations . Palo Alto , CA : Bridge Project, Stanford University .
  • Zwerling , S. ( 1976 ). Second best: The crisis of the community college . New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.