The Unique Agency of Parenting-Strivers: An Anti-Deficit, Asset-Based Exploration of Black and Latinx Students with Children

References

• Anderson, N. S., & Nieves, L. (2020). Working to Learn: Disrupting the divide between college and career pathways for young people. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Arcand, C. (2015). How can community colleges better serve low-income single-mothers students? Lessons from the for-profit sector. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 39(12), 1187–1191. doi:10.1080/10668926.2014.985403
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arum, R., & Roksa, J. (2014). Aspiring adults adrift: Tentative transitions of college graduates. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Irvine, C. K. S., & Walker, D. A. (2013). Introduction to research in education. Boston, MA: Cengage.
   Google Scholar
• Aslam, R. W., Hendry, M., Booth, A., Carter, B., Charles, J. M., Craine, N., … Whitaker, R. (2017). Intervention now to eliminate repeat unintended pregnancy in teenagers (INTERUPT): A systematic review of intervention effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and qualitative and realist synthesis of implementation factors and user engagement. BMC Medicine, 15(1), 155. 10.1186/s12916-017-0904-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barcelos, C. A., & Gubrium, A. C. (2014). Reproducing stories: Strategic narratives of teen pregnancy and motherhood. Social Problems, 61(3), 466. 10.1525/sp.2014.12241
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum, S., & Steele, P. (2017). Who goes to graduate school and who succeeds? Urban Institute. Retrieved from https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/86981/who_goes_to_graduate_school_and_who_succeeds_0.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bernal, E. M., Cabrera, A. F., & Terenzini, P. T. (2000). The relationship between race and socioeconomic status (SES): Implications for institutional research and admissions policies. Washington, DC: American Association of Community Colleges.
   Google Scholar
• Blackman, K. (2018). “Teen pregnancy prevention.” Teen Pregnancy Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/teen-pregnancy-prevention.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–260). Westport: Greenwood Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2002). The inheritance of inequality. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(3), 3–30. doi:10.1257/089533002760278686
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowles, S., Gintis, H., & Groves, M. O. (Eds.). (2009). Unequal chances: Family background and economic success. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brody, G. H., Miller, G. E., Yu, T., Beach, S. R., & Chen, E. (2016). Supportive family environments ameliorate the link between racial discrimination and epigenetic aging: A replication across two longitudinal cohorts. Psychological Science, 27(4), 530–541. doi:10.1177/0956797615626703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, P. L. (2005). Keepin’ it real: School success beyond black and white. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cherrington, J., & Breheny, M. (2005). Politicizing dominant discursive constructions about teenage pregnancy: Re-locating the subject as social. Health (London, England: 1997), 9(1), 89–111. doi:10.1177/1363459305048100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christ, L. (2017). Early head start offers full-time school for two-year-olds by training parents to teach. Manhattan: Spectrum News NY1.
   Google Scholar
• Corcoran, J. (1998). Consequences of adolescent pregnancy/parenting. Social Work in Health Care, 27(2), 49–67. 10.1300/J010v27n02_03
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis-Kean, P. E. (2005). The influence of parent education and family income on child achievement: The indirect role of parental expectations and the home environment. Journal of Family Psychology: JFP, 19(2), 294–304. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.19.2.294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Division of Reproductive Health. (2021a, August 21). About teen pregnancy. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/teenpregnancy/about/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Division of Reproductive Health. (2021b, August 2021). Social determinants and eliminating disparities in teen pregnancy. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/teenpregnancy/about/social-determinants-disparities-teen-pregnancy.htm#health
   Google Scholar
• Duke-Benfield, A. E. (2015). Bolstering non-traditional student success: A comprehensive student aid system using financial aid, public benefits, and refundable tax credits. Center for Postsecondary and Economic Success. Retrieved from https://www.clasp.org/sites/default/files/publications/2017/04/bolstering-non-trad-students-formatted-paper-final.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Duncan‐Andrade, J. (2007). Gangstas, wankstas, and ridas: Defining, developing, and supporting effective teachers in urban schools. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 20(6), 617–638. doi:10.1080/09518390701630767
   Google Scholar
• Emler, N., & Reicher, S. (2004). Delinquency: Cause or consequence of social exclusion? In D. Abrams, M. A. Hogg, & J. M. Marques (Eds.), Social psychology of inclusion and exclusion (pp. 229–260). London: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Emirbayer, M., & Mische, A. (1998). What is agency? American Journal of Sociology, 103(4), 962–1023. doi:10.1086/231294
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farb, A. F., & Margolis, A. L. (2016). The teen pregnancy prevention program (2010–2015): Synthesis of impact findings. American Journal of Public Health, 106(S1), S9–S15. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303367
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fernandes-Alcantara, A. (2018). Federal approaches to teen pregnancy prevention. Congressional Research Service: Report R45183. Retrieved from https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R45183.html
   Google Scholar
• Fernandes-Alcantara, A. (2020). Teen pregnancy: Federal prevention programs. Congressional Research Service: Report R45183. Retrieved from https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45183
   Google Scholar
• Fordham, S., & Ogbu, J. U. (1986). Black students’ school success: Coping with the “burden of acting White. The Urban Review, 18(3), 176–206. doi:10.1007/BF01112192
   Google Scholar
• Freire, P. (1968). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Seabury Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gault, B., Reichlin, L., & Román, S. (2014). College affordability for low-income adults: Improving returns on investment for families and society. Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Retrieved from https://iwpr.org/iwpr-issues/student-parent-success-initiative/college-affordability-for-low-income-adults-improving-returns-on-investment-for-families-and-society/
   Google Scholar
• Garwood, S. K., Lara, G., Melissa, J. R., Katie, P., & Brett, D. (2015). More than poverty—teen pregnancy risk and reports of child abuse reports and neglect. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(2), 164–168. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldrick-Rab, S., Minikel-Lacocque, J., & Kinsley, P. (2011). Managing to make it: The college trajectories of traditional-age students with children. The Wisconsin Scholar Longitudinal Study. Retrieved from http://www.finaidstudy.org/documents/appam_parentpaper_wsls.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Goldthorpe, J. H. (1997). Problems of ‘meritocracy’. In A. H. Halsey, P. Lauder, P. Brown, & A. S. Wells (Eds.), Education: Culture, economy and society (pp. 663–682). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Griffee, D. T. (2005). Research Tips: Interview data collection. Journal of Developmental Education, 28(3), 36.
   Google Scholar
• Hernandez, J., & Abu Rabia, H. M. (2017). Contributing factors to older teen mothers’ academic success as very young mothers. International Journal of Higher Education, 6(4), 104–110. doi:10.5430/ijhe.v6n4p104
   Google Scholar
• Hoeve, M., Dubas, J. S., Eichelsheim, V. I., van der Laan, P. H., Smeenk, W., & Gerris, J. R. M. (2009). The relationship between parenting and delinquency: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(6), 749–775. doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9310-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoskins, D. H., & Simons, L. G. (2015). Predicting the risk of pregnancy among African American youth: Testing a social contextual model. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(4), 1163–1174. doi:10.1007/s10826-014-9925-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hout, M., & Janus, A. (2011). Educational mobility in the united states since the 1930s. In G. J. Duncan & R. J. Murnane (Eds.), Whither opportunity: Rising inequality, schools, and children’s life chances (pp. 165–185). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, C., Costeines, J., Kaufman, J., & Ayala, C. (2014). Parenting stress, social support, and depression for ethnic minority adolescent mothers: Impact on child development. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(2), 255–262. doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9807-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jack, A. A. (2019). The privileged poor. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kann, L., McManus, T., Harris, W. A., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Hawkins, J., … Zaza, S. (2016). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C.: 2002), 65(6), 1–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushal, N., Magnuson, K., & Waldfogel, J. (2011). How is family income related to investments in children’s learning?. In G. J. Duncan & R. J. Murnane (Eds.), Whither opportunity: Rising inequality, schools, and children’s life chances (pp. 187–205). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Kenney, A. M. (1987). Teen pregnancy: An issue for schools. The Phi Delta Kappan, 68(10), 728.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kao, G. (2004). Parental influences on the educational outcomes of immigrant youth. International Migration Review, 38(2), 427–449. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00204.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruvelis, M. (2017). Building family-friendly campuses: Strategies to promote college success among student parents. American Council on Education. Retrieved from https://www.higheredtoday.org/2017/06/12/building-family-friendly-campuses-strategies-promote-college-success-among-student-parents/
   Google Scholar
• Kundu, A. (2017). Grit and agency: A framework for helping students in poverty to achieve academic greatness. National Youth-At-Risk Journal, 2(2), 69.
   Google Scholar
• Kundu, A. (2018). Adding a social perspective to “grit”: Investigating how disadvantaged students navigate obstacles and gain agency (Ph.D. diss.). New York University, 10573.
   Google Scholar
• Kundu, A. (2019). Understanding college “burnout” from a social perspective: Reigniting the agency of low-income racial minority strivers towards achievement. The Urban Review, 51(5), 677–698. doi:10.1007/s11256-019-00501-w
   Google Scholar
• Kundu, A. (2020). The power of student agency: Looking beyond grit to close the opportunity gap. New York: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• LaGuardia Community College. (2020, May 25). Early childhood learning center. CUNY. Retrieved from https://www.laguardia.edu/Student-Services/Child-Care/
   Google Scholar
• Langley, C., Barbee, A. P., Antle, B., Christensen, D., Archuleta, A., Sar, B. K., … Borders, K. (2015). Enhancement of reducing the risk for the 21st century: Improvement to a curriculum developed to prevent teen pregnancy and STI transmission. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 10(1), 40–69. doi:10.1080/15546128.2015.1010029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merton, R. K. (1948). The self-fulfilling prophecy. The Antioch Review, 8(2), 193–210. doi:10.2307/4609267
   Google Scholar
• Miller, K., Gault, B., & Thorman, A. (2011). Improving child care access to promote postsecondary success among low-income student parents. Institute for Women’s Policy Research.
   Google Scholar
• Nagaoka, J. (2016). Foundations for success. The Learning Professional, 37(6), 46.
   Google Scholar
• Neale, B., & Clayton, C. L. (2014). Young parenthood and cross-generational relationships: The perspectives of young fathers. In J. Holland, & R. Edwards (Eds.), Understanding families over time: Research and policy (pp. 69–87). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. 10.1057/9781137285089_4
   Google Scholar
• Neale, B., & Davies, L. (2016). Becoming a young breadwinner? The education, employment and training trajectories of young fathers. Social Policy and Society, 15(1), 85–98. doi:10.1017/S1474746415000512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, B., Froehner, M., & Gault, B. (2013). College students with children are common and face many challenges in completing high education. Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Retrieved from https://iwpr.org/iwpr-issues/student-parent-success-initiative/college-students-with-children-are-common-and-face-many-challenges-in-completing-higher-education-summary/
   Google Scholar
• Noll, E., Reichlin, L., & Gault, B. (2017). College students with children: National and regional profiles. Institute for Women’s Policy Research. https://iwpr.org/iwpr-issues/student-parent-success-initiative/college-students-with-children-national-and-regional-profiles/
   Google Scholar
• Noguera, P. A. (2008). The trouble with black boys…. And other reflections on race, equity, and the future of public education. Hoboken, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Perez, M. (2016). The voices of student-parents and their hurdles to success in higher education (Master’s thesis). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship,
   Google Scholar
• Perez, M., & Turner, F. (2020). Mothering graduate students of color reflect on lessons lived and learned in the academy. Women, Gender, and Families of Color, 8(2), 235–240.
   Google Scholar
• Ransaw, T. S., Gause, C. P., & Majors, R. (2018). The handbook of research on black males: Quantitative, qualitative, and multidisciplinary. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Robbers, M. L. P. (2009). Facilitating fatherhood: A longitudinal examination of father involvement among young minority fathers. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 26(2), 121–134. doi:10.1007/s10560-008-0157-6
   Google Scholar
• Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2011). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Schacter, J., & Jo, B. (2005). Learning when school is not in session: A reading summer day- camp intervention to improve the achievement of exiting first-grade students who are economically disadvantage. Journal of Research in Reading, 28(2), 158–169.
   Google Scholar
• Schumacher, R. (2013). Prepping colleges for parents: Strategies for supporting students parent success in postsecondary education. Working Paper. Institute for Women’s Policy Research.
   Google Scholar
• Shedd, C. (2015). Unequal city: Race, schools, and perceptions of injustice. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Shuger, L. (2012). Teen pregnancy and high school dropout: What communities can do to address these issues. National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy and America’s Promise Alliance.
   Google Scholar
• Simone, J. A. (2012, January 1). Addressing the marginalized student: The secondary principal’s role in eliminating deficit thinking (Ed.D. dissertation). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, ProQuest LLC.
   Google Scholar
• Sipsma, H., Biello, K. B., Cole-Lewis, H., & Kershaw, T. (2010). Like father, like son: The intergenerational cycle of adolescent fatherhood. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 517–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon-Fears, C. (2016). Teenage pregnancy prevention: Statistics and programs. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/RS20301.pdf
   Google Scholar
• St. Rose, A., & Hill, C. (2013). Women in community colleges: Access to success. American Association of University Women. Retrieved from https://ww3.aauw.org/resource/women-in-community-colleges/
   Google Scholar
• Stanton-Salazar, R. D., & Spina, S. (2000). The network orientations of highly resilient urban minority youth: A network-analytic account of minority socialization and its educational implications. The Urban Review, 32(3), 227–261. doi:10.1023/A:1005122211864
   Google Scholar
• Stanton-Salazar, R. D. (2011). A social capital framework for the study of institutional agents and their role in the empowerment of low-status students and youth. Youth & Society, 43(3), 1066–1109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuber, J. M. (2011). Inside the college gates: How class and culture matter in higher education. Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Underwood, M., Satterthwait, L. D., & Bartlett, H. P. (2010). Reflexivity and minimization of the impact of age-cohort differences between researcher and research participants. Qualitative Health Research, 20(11), 1585–1595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, L. L., & Vogel, L. R. (2017). Educational resiliency in teen mothers. Cogent Education, 4(1), 1276009. doi:10.1080/2331186X.2016.1276009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyman, P. A., Cowen, E. L., Work, W. C., & Kerley, J. H. (1993). The role of children’s future expectations in self-system functioning and adjustment to life stress: A prospective study of urban at-risk children. Development and Psychopathology, 5(4), 649–661. doi:10.1017/S0954579400006210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yosso, T. J. (2005). Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community culutral wealth. Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(1), 69–91. doi:10.1017/S0954579400006210
   Google Scholar