441
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Analysis of Stilbenes in Wine by HPLC: Recent Approaches

Pages 1598-1643 | Published online: 19 May 2009

REFERENCES

  • Langcake , P. ; Pryce , R. The production of resveratrol by Vitis vinifera and other members of the Vitaceae as a response to infection or injury . Physiol. Plant Pathol. 1976 , 9 , 77 – 86 .
  • Bertilli , A.A. ; Giobannini, De Caterina , L. ; Bernini , W. ; Migliori , M. ; Fregoni , M. ; Bavaresco , L. ; Berteilli , A. Antiplatelet activity of cis-reveratrol . Drug Exptl. Clin. Res. 1996 , 22 , 61 – 63 .
  • Jandet , P. ; Bessis , R. ; Maume , B. ; Meunier , P. ; Peyron , D. ; Trollat , P. Effect of enological practices on the resveratrol isomer content of wine . J. Agr. Food Chem. 1995 , 43 , 316 – 319 .
  • Ector , B. ; Magee , J. ; Hegwood , C. ; Coign , M. Resveratrol concentration in muscadine berries, juice, pomace, purees, seeds and wines . Amer. J. Enol. Viticult. 1996 , 47 , 57 – 62 .
  • Arichi , H. ; Kimura , Y. ; Okuda , H. ; Baba , K. ; Kozawa , M. ; Arichi , S. Effect stilbene components of the root of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb . Et Zucc. On lipid metabolism. Chem. Pharm. Bul. 1982 , 30 , 1766 – 1770 .
  • NCN. “Diet and health” . Natl. Res. Council. National Academy Press : Washington , D.C.
  • Renaud , S. ; de Lorgeril , M. Wine, alcohol, platelets and the French paradox for coronary Herat disease . Lancet. 1992 , 339 , 1523 – 1526 .
  • Gusman , J. ; Malonne , H. ; Atassi , G. A reappraisal of the potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties of resveratrol . Carcinogenesis. 2001 , 22 , 1111 – 1117 .
  • Hung , L. ; Chen , J. ; Huang , S. ; Lee , R. ; Su , M. Cardioprotective effect of resveratrol, a natural antioxidant derived from grapes . Cardiaovasc. Res. 2000 , 47 , 549 – 555 .
  • Mizutani , K. ; Ikeda , K. ; Yamori , Y. Resveratrol inhibits AGEs-induced proliferation and collagen synthesis activity in vascular smooth muscle cells from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000 , 274 , 61 – 67 .
  • Burns , J. ; Gardner , P.T. ; O'Neil , J. ; Crawford , S. ; Morecroft , I. ; McPhail , D.B. ; Lister , C. ; Mattews , D. ; MacLean , M.R. ; Lean , M.E.J. ; Duthie , G.G. ; Crozier , A. Relationship among antioxidant activity, vasodilation capacity, and phenolic content of red wines . J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000 , 48 , 220 – 230 .
  • Mizutani , K. ; Ikeda , K. ; Kawai , Y. ; Yamori , Y. Resveratrol attenuates ovariectomy-induced hypertension and bone loss in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats . J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo), 2000 , 46 , 78 – 83 .
  • Rush , J.W.E. ; Quadrilatero , J. ; Levy , A.S. ; Ford , R.J. Chronic resveratrol enhances endothelium-dependent relaxation but does not alter eNOS levels in aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats . Exptl. Biol. Med. 2007 , 232 , 814 – 822 .
  • Das , S. ; Das , D.K. Resveratrol: A therapeutic promising for cardiovascular diseases. Rec. Pat. Cardiovascul. Drug Disc. 2007, 6, 133–138.
  • El-Mowafy , A. Resveratrol activates membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase in coronary arterial smooth muscle: A novel signaling mechanism in support of coronary protection . Biochim. Biphys. Res. Commun. 2002 , 291 , 1218 – 1224 .
  • Jang , M. ; Lining , C. ; Udeani , G. ; Slowing , K. ; Thomas , C. ; Beecher , C. ; Fong , H. ; Farnswort , N. ; Kinghorn , A. ; Mehta , R. ; Moon , R. ; Pozzuto , J. Chacer chemopreventative activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes . Science. 1997 , 275 , 218 – 220 .
  • Bertelli , A.A. ; Ferrara , F. ; Diana , G. ; Fulgenzi , A. ; Corsi , M. ; Ponti , W. ; Ferrero , M.E. ; Bertelli , A. Resveratrol, a natural stilbene in grapes and wine, enhances intraphagocytosis in human promonocytes: a co-factor in antiinflammatory and anticancer chemopreventive activity . Int. J. Tissue React. 1999 , 21 , 93 – 104 .
  • Lu , R. ; Serrero , G. Resveratrol, a natural product derived from grape, exhibitis antiestrogenic activity and inhibitis the growth of human breast cancer cells . J. Celular Physiol. 1999 , 179 , 297 – 304 .
  • Tessitore , L. ; David , A. ; Sarotto , I. ; Caderni , G. Resveratrol depresses the growth of colorectal aberrant crypt foci by affecting bax and p21(CIP) expresion . Arcinogenesis. 2000 , 21 , 1619 – 1622 .
  • Schneider , Y. ; Vincent , F. ; Duranton , B. ; Badolo , L. ; Gosse , F. ; Bergmann , C. ; Seiler , N. ; Raul , F. Cancer Lett . 2000 , 158 , 85 – 91 .
  • Nielsen , M. ; Ruch , R.J. ; Vang , O. Resveratrol reverses tumor-promoter-inhibition of gap-junctional intercellular communication . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000 , 275 , 804 – 809 .
  • Tsan , M.F. ; White , J.E. ; Maheshwari , J.G. ; Bremner , T.A. ; Sacco , J. Resveratrol induces Fas signaling-independent apoptosis in THP-1 human monocytic leukaemia cells . Br. J. Haematol. 2000 , 109 , 405 – 412 .
  • Szende , B. ; Tyihak , E. ; Kiraly-Veghely , Z. Dose-dependent effect of resveratrol on proliferation and apoptosis in endothelial and tumor cell cultures . Exptl. Mol. Med. 2000 , 32 , 88 – 92 .
  • Brakenhielm , E. ; Cao , R. ; Cao , Y. Suppression of angiogenesis, tumor growth and wound healing by resveratrol a natural compound in red wine and grapes . FASEB J. 2001 , 15 , 1798 – 1800 .
  • Kimura , Y. ; Okuda , H. Resveratrol isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum roots prevents tumor growth and metastasis to lung and tumor-induced neovascularization in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice . J. Nutr. 2001 , 131 , 1844 – 1849 .
  • Anthony , W. ; Opipari , J. ; Tan , L. ; Boitano , A.E. ; Sorenson , D.R. ; Aurora , A. ; Liu , J.R. Resveratrol-induced autophagocytosis in ovarian cancer cells . Cancer Res. 2004 , 64 , 696 – 703 .
  • Tseng , S.-H. ; Lin , S.-M. ; Chen , J.-C. ; Su , Y.-H. ; Huang , H.-Y. ; Chen , C.-K. ; Lin , P.-Y. Chen , Y. Resveratrol suppresses the angiogenesis and tumor growth of gliomas in rats . Clin. Cancer Res. 2004 , 10 , 2190 – 2202 .
  • Jones , S.B. ; DePrimo , S.E. ; Whitfield , M.L. ; Brooks , J.D. Resveratrol-induced gene expression profiles in human prostate cancer cells . Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prevent. 2005 , 14 , 596 – 604 .
  • Frankel , E.N. ; Waterhouse , A.L. ; Kinsella , J.E. Inhibition of human LDL oxidation by resveratrol. Lancet. 1993, 341, 1103–1104.
  • Fremont , L. ; Belguendou , L. ; Delpal , S. Antioxidant activity of resveratrol and alcohol-free wine polyphenols related to LDL oxidation and polyunsaturated fatty acids . Life Sci. 1999 , 64 , 2511 – 2521 .
  • Daglia , M. ; Papetti , A. ; Grisoli , P. ; Aceti , C. ; Dacarro , C. ; Gazzani , G. Antibacterial activity of red and white wine against oral streptococci . J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007 , 55 , 5038 – 5042 .
  • Docherty , J.J. ; Fu , M.M. ; Hah , J.M. ; Sweet , T.J. ; Faith , S.A. ; Both , T. Effect of resveratrol on herpes simplex virus vaginal infection in the mouse . Antiviral Res. 2005 , 67 , 155 – 162 .
  • Caruso , F. ; Tanski , J. ; Villegas-Estrada , A. ; Rossi , M. Structural basis for antioxidant activity of trans-resveratrol: Ab initio calculations and crystal and molecular structure . J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004 , 52 , 7279 – 7285 .
  • Goldberg , D.M. ; Ng , E. ; Karumanchiri , A. ; Yan , J. ; Diamandis , E.P. ; Soles , G.J. Assay of resveratrol glucoside and isomers in wine by direct injection high-performance liquid chromatography . J. Chromatogr. A. 1995 , 708 , 89 – 98 .
  • Brent , C. ; Waterhouse , A.L. Resveratrol: Isomeric molar absorptivities and stability . J. Agric. Food Chem. 1996 , 44 , 1253 – 1257 .
  • Supelco Guid to Solid Phase Extraction . Bulletin 1998 , 910 , 1 – 12 .
  • Lamuela-Raventos , R.M. ; Romero-Perez , A.I. ; Waterhouse , A.L. Carmen de la Torre-Boronat, M . Direct HPLC analysis of cis- and trans-resveratrol and piceid isomers in Spanish red Vitis vinifera wines. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995 , 43 , 281 – 283 .
  • Romero-Perez , A.I. ; Lamuela-Raventos , R.M. ; Buxaderas , S. ; Carmen de la Torre-Boronat , M. Resveratrol and piceid as varietal Markers of white wines . J. Agric. Food Chem. 1996 , 44 , 1975 – 1978 .
  • Moreno-Labanda , J.F. ; Mallavia , R. ; Perez-Fons , L. ; Lizama , V. ; Saura , D. ; Micol , V. Determination of piceid and resveratrol in Spanish wines deriving from Monastrell (Vitis vinifera) grape variety . J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004 , 52 , 5396 – 5403 .
  • Waterhouse , A.L. ; Ma Lamuela-Raventos , R. The occurrence of piceid, a stilbene glucoside, in grape berries . Phytochemistry. 1994 , 37 , 571 – 573 .
  • Lopez , M. ; Martinez , F. ; Del Valle , C. ; Orte , C. ; Miro . Analysis of phenolic constituents of Biological interest in red wines by high-performance liquid chromatography . J. Chromatogr. A. 2001 , 922 , 359 – 363 .
  • Riberio de Lima , M.T. ; Waffo-Teguo , P. ; Teissedre , P.L. ; Pujolas , A. ; Vercauteren , J. ; Cabanis , J.C. ; Merillon , J.M. Determination of stilbenes (trans-astringin, cis- and trans-piceid, and cis- and trans-resveratrol) in Portuguese wines . J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999 , 47 , 2666 – 2670 .
  • Kolouchova-Hanzlikova , I. ; Melzoch , K. ; Filip , V. ; Smidrkal , J. Rapid method for resveratrol determination by HPLC with electrochemical and UV detections in wines . Food Chem. 2004 , 87 , 151 – 158 .
  • Abril , M. ; Negueruela , A.I. ; Perez , C. ; Juan , T. ; Estopanan , G. Preliminary study of resveratrol content in Aragon red and rose wines . Food Chem. 2005 , 92 , 729 – 736 .
  • Carando , S. ; Teissedre , P.-L. ; Pascual-Martinez , L. ; Cabanis , J.-C. Levels of flavan-3-ols in French wines. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 4161–4166.
  • Dourtoglou , V.G. ; Makris , D.P. ; Bois-Dounas , F. ; Zonas , C. Trans-resveratrol concentration in wines produced in Greece . J. Food Comp. Anal. 1999 , 12 , 227 – 233 .
  • Gerogiannaki-Christopoulou , M. ; Athanasopoulos , P. ; Kyriakidis , N. ; Gerogiannaki , I.A. ; Spanos , M. Trans-resveratrol in wines from the major Greek red and white grape varieties . Food Control. 2006 , 17 , 700 – 706 .
  • Souto , A.A. ; Carneiro , M.C. ; Seferin , M. ; Senna , M.J.H. ; Conz , A. ; Gobbi , K. Determination of trans-resveratrol concentrations in Brazilian red wines by HPLC . J. Food Comp. Anal. 2001 , 14 , 441 – 445 .
  • Nikfardjam , M.S.P. ; Mark , L. ; Avar , P. ; Figler , M. ; Ohmacht , R. Polyphenols, anthocyanins, and trans-resveratrol in red wines from the Hungarian Villany region . Food Chem. 2006 , 98 , 453 – 462 .
  • Avar , P. ; Nikfardjam , M.S.P. ; Kunsagi-Mate , S. ; Montsko , G. ; Szabo , Z. ; Boddi , K. ; Ohmacht , R. ; Mark , L. Investigation of phenolic components of Hungarian wines . Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2007 , 8 , 1028 – 1038 .
  • Mark , L. ; Nikfardjam , M.S.P. ; Avar , P. ; Ohmacht , R. A validated HPLC method for the quantitative analysis of trans-resveratrol and trans-piceid in Hungarian wines . J. Chromatogr. Sci. 2005 , 43 , 445 – 449 .
  • Kovacs , Z. ; Dinya , Z. ; Antus , S. LC-SSI-MS techniques as efficient tools for characterization of nonvolatile phenolic compounds of a special Hungarian wine . J. Chromatogr. Sci. 2004 , 42 , 125 – 129 .
  • Gurbuz , O. ; Gocmen , D. ; Dagdelen , F. ; Gursoy , M. ; Aydin , S. ; Sahin , I. ; Buyukuysal , L. ; Usta , M. Determination of flavan-3-ols and trans-resveratrol in grapes and wine using HPLC with fluorescence detection . Food Chem. 2007 , 100 , 518 – 525 .
  • Vitrac , X. ; Monti , J-P. ; Vercauteren , J. ; Deffieux , G. ; Merillon , J-M. Direct liquid chromatography analysis of resveratrol derivatives and flavanonols in wines with absorbance and fluorescence detection . Anal. Chim. Acta. 2002 , 458 , 103 – 110 .
  • Vian , M.A. ; Tomao , V. ; Gallet , S. ; Coulomb , P.O. ; Lacombe , J.M. Simple and papid method for cis- and trans-resveratrol and piceid isomers determination in wine by high-performance liquid chromatography using Chromolith column . J. Chromatogr. A. 2005 , 1085 , 224 – 229 .
  • Buiarelli , F. ; Coccioli , F. ; Jasionowska , R. ; Merolle , M. ; Terraciano , A. Analysis of some stilbenes in Italian wines by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry . Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrum. 2007 , 21 , 2955 – 2964 .
  • Buiarelli , F. ; Coccioli , F. ; Jasionowska , R. ; Merolle , M. ; Terraciano , A. Chromatographic analysis of trans-resveratrol in Italian wines: Comparisons between Fl, UV, and MS detection . Chromatographia. 2006 , 64 , 475 – 481 .
  • Vitrac , X. ; Bornet , A. ; Vanderlinde , R. ; Valls , J. ; Richard , T. ; Delaunay , J-C. ; Merillon , J-M. ; Teissedre , P.-J. Determination of stilbenes (δ-viniferin, trans-astringin, trans-piceid, cis- and trans-resveratrol, ε-viniferin) in Brazilian wines . J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005 , 53 , 5664 – 5669 .
  • Zhou , J. ; Cui , H. ; Wan , G. ; Hu , H. ; Pang , Y. ; Duan , C. Direct analysis of trans-resveratrol in red wine by high performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescent detection. Food Chem. 2004, 88, 613–620.
  • Vlase , L. ; Kiss , B. ; Leucuta , S.E. ; Gocan , S. A rapid method for trans- and cis -resveratrol determination in wines by HPLC-MS . In press .
  • Careri , M. ; Corradini , C. ; Elviri , L. ; Nicoletti , I. ; Zagnoni , I. Direct HPLS analysis of quercetin and trans-resveratrol in red wine, grape, and winemaking byproducts . J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003 , 51 , 5226 – 5231 .
  • McMurtrey , K.D. ; Minn , J. ; Pobaz , K. ; Schultz , T.P. Analysis of wines for resveratrol using direct injection high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection . J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994 , 42 , 2077 – 2080 .
  • Vinas , P. ; Lopez-Erroz , C. ; Marin-Hernandez , J.J. ; Hernandez-Cordoba , M. Determination of phenols in wines by liquid chromatography with photodiode array and fluorescence detection . J. Chromatogr. A. 2000 , 871 , 85 – 93 .
  • Trela , B.C. ; Waterhouse , A.L. Resveratrol: Isomeric molar absorptivities and stability . J. Agric. Food Chem. 1996 , 44 , 1253 – 1257 .
  • Goldberg , D.M. ; Ng , E. ; Karumanchiri , A. ; Yan , J. ; Diamandis , E.P. ; Soleas , G.J. Assay of resveratrol glucosides and isomers in wine by direct injection high-performance liquid chromatography . J. Chromatogr. 1995 , 708 , 89 – 98 .
  • Goldberg , D.M. ; Tsang , E. ; Levesque , M. ; Soleas , G.J. Method-dependent bias in the quantitation of cis- and trans-resveratrol glucosides by high performance liquid chromatography . J. Liq. Chromatogr. & Rel. Technol. 1999 , 22 , 1843 – 1855 .
  • Pezet , R. ; Pont , V. ; Cuenat , P. Method to determine resveratrol and pterostilbene in grape berries and wines using high-performance liquid chromatography and highly sensitive fluorimetric detection . J. Chromatogr. A. 1994 , 663 , 191 – 197 .
  • Flamini , R. ; Vedova , A.D. Fast determination of the total free resveratrol content in wine by direct-exposure-probe, positive-ion chemical ionization and collision-induce-dissociation mass spectrometry . Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2008 , 18 , 1925 – 1931 .
  • Soleas , G.J. ; Diamandis , E.P. ; Karumanchiri , A. ; Goldenberg , D.M. A multiresidue derivatization gas chromatographic assay fifteen phenolic constituents with mass selective detection . Anal. Chem. 1997 , 69 , 4405 – 4409 .
  • Di Tommaso , D. ; Calabrese , R. ; Rotilio , D. Identification and quantitation of hydroxytyrosol in Italian wines . J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 1998 , 21 , 549 – 553 .
  • Soleas , G.J. ; Dam , J. ; Carey , M. ; Goldberg , D.M. Toward the fingerprinting of wines: Cultivar-related patterns of polyphenolic constituents in Ontario wines . J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997 , 45 , 3871 – 3880 .
  • Brandolini , V. ; Maietti , A. ; Tedeschi , P. ; Durini , E. ; Vertuani , S. ; Manfredini , S. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002 , 50 , 7407 – 7411 .
  • Rodriguez-Delgado , M.A. ; Gonzalez , G. ; Perez-Trujillo , J.P. ; Garcia-Montelongo , F.J. Trans-resveratrol in wines from the Canary Islands (Spain) . Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem. 2002 , 76 , 371 – 375 .
  • Kallithraka , S. ; Arvanitoyannis , I. ; El-Zajouli , A. ; Kefalas , P. The application of an improved method for trans-resveratrol to determine the origin of Greek red wines. Food Chem. 2001, 75, 355–363.
  • Roldan , A. ; Palacios , V. ; Caro , I. ; Perez , L. Resveratrol content of Palomino fino grapes: Influence of vintage and fungal infection . J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003 , 51 , 1464 – 1468 .
  • Gamoh , K. ; Nakashima , K. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric determination of trans-resveratrol in wines using a tandem solid-phase extraction method . Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrum. 1999 , 13 , 1112 – 1115 .
  • Dominguez , C. ; Guillen , D.A. ; Brroso , C.G. Automated solid phase extraction for sample preparation followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection for the analysis of resveratrol derivatives in wine . J. Chromatogr. A. 2001 , 918 , 303 – 310 .
  • Zhu , Y. ; Coury , L.A. ; Long , H. ; Duda , C.T. ; Kissinger , C.B. ; Kissinger , P.T. Liquid chromatography with multi-channel electrochemical detection for the determination of resveratrol in wine, grape juice, and grape seed capsules with automated solid phase extraction . J. Liq. Chromatogr. & Rel. Technol. 2000 , 23 , 1555 – 1564 .
  • Ratola , N. ; Faria , J.L. ; Alves , A. Analysis and quantification of trans-resveratrol in wines from Alentejo region (Portugal) . Food Technol. Biotechnol. 2004 , 42 , 125 – 130 .
  • Monagas , M. ; Suarez , R. ; Gomez-Cordoves , C. ; Bartolome , B. Simultaneous determination of nonanthocyanin phenolic compounds in red wines by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS . Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 2005 , 56 ( 2 ), 139 – 147 .
  • Rodriguez-Delgado , M.A. ; Malovana , S. ; Perez , J.P. ; Borges , T. ; Garcia Montelongo , F.J. Separation of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography with absorbance and fluorimetric detection . J. Chromatogr. A. 2001 , 912 , 249 – 257 .
  • Sun , J. ; Liang , F. ; Bin , Y. ; Li , P. ; Duan , C. Screening non-colored phenolics in red wines using liquid chromatography/ultraviolet and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry libraries . Molecules, 2007 , 12 , 679 – 693 .
  • Garcia-Viguera , C. ; Bridle , P. Analysis of non-coloured phenolic compounds in red wines . A comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis. Food Chem. 1995 , 54 , 349 – 352 .
  • Vitrac , X. ; Castagnino , C. ; Waffo-Teguo , P. ; Delaunay , J-C. ; Vercauteren , J. ; Monti , J-P. ; Deffieux , G. ; Merillon , J-M. Polyphenols newly extracted in red wine from southwestern France by centrifugal partition chromatography . J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001 , 49 , 5934 – 5938 .
  • Pezet , R. ; Perret , C. ; Jean-Denis , J.B. ; Tabacchi , R. ; Gindro , K. ; Viret , O. δ-Viniferin, a resveratrol dehydrodimer: One of the major stilbenes syntesized by stressed grapevine leaves . J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003 , 51 , 5488 – 5492 .
  • Careri , M. ; Corradini , C. ; Elviri , L. ; Nicoletti , I. ; Zagnoni , I. Liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of cis-resveratrol and trans-resveratrol: development, validation, and application of the method to red wine, grape, and winemaking byproducts . J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004 , 52 , 6868 – 6874 .
  • Stervbo , U. ; Vang , O. ; Bonnesen , C. A review of the content of the putative chemopreventive phytoalexin resveratrol in red wine. Food Chem. 2007, 101, 449–457.
  • Romero-Perez , A.I. ; Lamuela-Raventos , R.M. ; Waterhouse , A.L. ; de la Torre-Boronat , M.C. Levels of cis- and trans-resveratrol and their glucosides in white and rose Vitis vinifera wines from Spain . J. Agric. Food Chem. 1996 , 44 , 2124 – 2128 .
  • Bovanova , L. ; Brandsteterova , E. Direct analysis of food samples by high-performance liquid chromatography . J. Chromatogr. A. 2000 , 880 , 149 – 168 .
  • Antolovich , M. ; Prenzier , P. ; Robards , K. ; Ryan , D. Sample preparation in the determination of phenolic compounds in fruits . Analyst. 2000 , 125 , 989 – 1009 .
  • Rudolf , J.L. ; Resurreccion , A.V.A. ; Saalia , F.K. ; Phillips , R.D. Development of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for analyzing trans-resveratrol in peanut kernels . Food Chem. 2005 , 89 , 623 – 638 .
  • Goldberg , D.M. ; Tsang , E. ; Karumanchiri , A. ; Diamandis , E.P. ; Soleas , G. ; Ng , E. Method to assay the concentrations of phenolic constituents of biological interest in wines . Anal. Chem. 1996 , 68 , 1688 – 1694 .
  • Lee , J. ; Rennaker , C. Antioxidant capacity and stilbene contents of wines produced in the Sanke River of Idaho USA . Food Chem. 2007 , 105 , 195 – 203 .
  • Pastran-Bonilla , E. ; Akoh , C.C. ; Sellappan , S. ; Krewer , G. Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of muscadine grapes . J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003 , 51 , 5497 – 5503 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.