Thin layer chromatography in the analysis of cannabis and its components and synthetic cannabinoids

References

• Klumpers, L. E.; Thacker, D. L. A Brief Background on Cannabis: From Plant to Medical Indications. J AOAC Int. 2019, 102, 412–420. DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.18-0208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemp vs Marijuana: the Difference Explained (2019 Update) https://cbdorigin.com/hemp-vs-marijuana/ (accessed on May 25, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Role of Chromatography in Cannabis Testing, https://bioinfoinc.com/chromatography-cannabis-testing (accessed on July 5, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Garcia Fernandez, J. C. Role Played by Narcotics Laboratories in the Campaign against Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking: A View from a Developing Country. Bull. Narc. 1984, 36, 3–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Badyal, P. N.; Sharma, C.; Kaur, N.; Shankar, R.; Pandey, A.; Rawal, R. K. Analytical Techniques in Simultaneous Estimation: An Overview. Austin J. Anal. Pharm. Chem. 2015, 2, 1037/1–1037/14.
   Google Scholar
• Citti, C.; Braghiroli, D.; Vandelli, M. A.; Cannazza, G. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis of Cannabinoids: A Critical Review. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2018, 147, 565–579. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yotoriyama, M.; Ishiharajima, E.; Kato, Y.; Nagato, A.; Sekita, S.; Watanabe, K.; Yamamoto, I. Identification and Determination of Cannabinoids in Both Commercially Available and Cannabis Oils Stored Long Term. J. Health Sci. 2005, 51, 483–487. DOI: 10.1248/jhs.51.483.
   Google Scholar
• Kaistha, K. K.; Tadrus, R.Semi-Quantitative thin-layer mass-screening detection of 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in human urine. J. Chromatogr. 1982, 237, 528–533. DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)97646-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Faubert Maunder, M. J.Preservation of cannabis thin-layer chromatograms. J. Chromatogr. 1974, 100, 196–199. DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)86057-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumeyer, J. L.; Schultes, R. E.; Musto, J. D.; Woodland, L. Evaluation of Chemical Tests on Vouchered Specimens of Cannabis. J. Psychoactive Drugs. 1988, 20, 459–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mali, B. D.; Parulekar, P. P. Diazotized Dapsone as a Reagent for the Detection of Cannabinoids on Thin Layer Chromatography Plates. J. Chromatogr. 1988, 457, 383–386. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)82088-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raharjo, T. J.; Verpoorte, R. Methods for the Analysis of Cannabinoids in Biological Materials: A Review. Phytochem. Anal. 2004, 15, 79–94. DOI: 10.1002/pca.753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemphill, J. K.; Turner, J. C.; Mahlberg, P. G. Studies on Growth and Cannabinoid Composition of Callus Derived from Different Strains of Cannabis Sativa. Lloydia. 1978, 41, 453–462.
   Google Scholar
• Forrest, J. E.; Heacock, R. A. A Chromatographic Comparison of the Constituents of Nutmeg and Mace (Myristica Frarans Houtt.) with Those of Marihuana and Hashish (Cannabis Sativa L). J. Chromatogr. 1974, 89, 113–117. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84170-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewari, S. N.; Sharma, J. D. Two-Dimensional Thin Layer Chromatography of Ganja (Cannabis Sativa L.). UNODC-Bull. Narc 1983, 35, 63–67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turner, C. E.; Hadley, K. W. Chemical Analysis of Cannabis Sativa of Distinct Origin. Arch. Invest. Med. (Mex) 1974, 5, 141–150.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Veliky, I. A.; Genest, K. Growth and Metabolites of Cannabis Sativa Cell Suspension Cultures. Lloydia 1972, 35, 450–456.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chakraborty, S.; Afaq, N.; Singh, N.; Majumdar, S. Antimicrobial Activity of Cannabis Sativa, Thuja Orientalis, and Psidium Guajava Leaf Extracts against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Integr. Med.-JIM 2018, 16, 350–357. DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.07.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohlsson, A.; Abou-Chaar, C. I.; Agurell, S.; Nilsson, I. M.; Olofsson, K. Cannabinoid Constituents of Male and Female Cannabis Sativa. UNODC-Bull. Narc 1971, 23, 29–32.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, K. D.; Wright, J. A.; Halpern, A. F.; Hine, C. H. Preliminary Report on the Separation and Quantitative Determination of Cannabis Constituents Present in Plant Material, and When Added to Urine, by Thin Layer and Gas Chromatography. UNODC-Bull. Narc. 1968, Issue 4, 10–14.
   Google Scholar
• Grlic, L. Some New Possibilities of separation of Cannabinoids by Means of Thin Layer Chromatography on Silica Gel Plastic Sheets. Acta Pharm. Jug. 1970, 20, 35–39.
   Google Scholar
• Grlic, L. A Highly Sensitive Chromatographic detection of cannabis Constituents by Means of Silica Gel Sheets Treated with Silver Nitrate. J. Eur. Toxicol. 1971, 23, 43–45.
   Google Scholar
• de Faubert Maunder, M. J. A Comparative Evaluation of the Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Content of Cannabis Plants. J. Assoc. Public Anal. (JAPA) 1970, 8, 42–47.
   Google Scholar
• Segelman, A. B. Cannabis Sativa L. (Marijuana) III. The RIM Test: A Reliable and Useful Procedure for the Detection and Identification of Marijuana Utilizing Combined Microscopy and Thin Layer Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1973, 82, 151–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segelman, A. B.; Segelman, F. P. Cannabis Sativa L. (Marijuana) VII. The Relative Specificity of the RIM Test. J. Chromatogr. 1976, 123, 79–100. DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)81105-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamurty, H. G.; Kaushal, R. Analysis of Indian Marihuana. Indian J. Pharm. 1974, 36, 152–154.
   Google Scholar
• Poddar, M. K.; Ghosh, J. J.; Datta, J. Micromethod for the Estimation of Cannabis Components. Sci. Cult. 1975, 41, 492–495.
   Google Scholar
• Dahiya, M. S.; Jain, G. C. Analysis and Identification of Cannabis Sativa L. Constituents from Smoke by Thin Layer Chromatography. Indian J. Criminol. 1977, 5, 96–101.
   Google Scholar
• Tewari, S. N.; Sharma, J. D. Separation and Identification of Cannabinoids from Cannabis Indica L. by Thin Layer Chromatography. Pharmazie 1979, 34, 54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debruyne, D.; Albessard, F.; Bigot, M. C.; Moulin, M. Comparison of Three Advanced Chromatographic Techniques for Cannabis Identification. Bull. Narc. 1994, 46, 109–121.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vollner, L.; Bieniek, D.; Korte, F. Review of Analytical Methods for Identification and Quantification of Cannabis Products. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1986, 6, 348–358. DOI: 10.1016/0273-2300(86)90003-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanus, L. Our Experience with Identification and Separation of Compounds from Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa L.) by Thin Layer Chromatography. Acta Univ. Palacki. Olomuc. Fac. Med. 1987, 116, 15–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galand, N.; Ernouf, D.; Montigny, F.; Dollet, J.; Pothier, J. Separation and Identification of Cannabis Components by Different Planar Chromatography Technique (TLC, AMD, OPLC). J. Chromtogr. Sci. 2004, 42, 130–134. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/42.3.130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazekamp, A.; Peltenburg, A.; Verpoorte, R.; Giroud, C. Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Data of Cannabinoids from Cannabis Sativa L. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 2005, 28, 2361–2382. DOI: 10.1080/10826070500187558.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laboratory and Scientific Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Vienna, Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Cannabis and Cannabis Products, Revised and Updated. 2009, United Nations, New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Mohammad, A.; Sharma, S.; Bhawani, S. A.; Singh, R. B. Identification and Separation of Cannabis Sativa, Embleia Ribes, Myristica Fragans and Piper Longum from Organic Extract on Silica Gel Surface with Anionic Micellar Solvent Syatem: Application in Ayurvedic Medicine. Tonutraj. 2010, 3, 112–118. DOI: 10.2174/1876396001003030112.
   Google Scholar
• Monograph Cannabis Flos Version 7.1, November 28, 2014, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Ebrahimi-Najafabadi, H.; Kazemeini, S. S.; Pasdaran, A.; Hamedi, A. A Novel Similarity Search Approach for High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) Fingerprinting of Medicinal Plants. Phytochem. Anal. 2019, 1–10. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2823.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HPTLC Association Website, https:www.hptlc-association.org (accessed on July 31, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Tewari, S. N.; Sharma, J. D.Detection of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the organs of a suspected case of cannabis poisoning. Toxicol. Lett. 1980, 5, 279–281. DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(80)90073-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oroszlan, P.; Verzar-Petri, G.; Mincsovics, E.; Szekely, T. Separation, Quantitation and Isolation of Cannabinoids from Cannabis Satvia L. by Overpressured Layer Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1987, 388, 217–224. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94481-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischedick, J. T.; Glas, R.; Hazekamp, A.; Verpoorte, R. A. Qualitative and Quantitative HPTLC Densitometry Method for the Analysis of Cannabinoids in Cannabis Sativa L. Phytochem. Anal. 2009, 20, 421–426. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabady, B.; Hidvegi, E.; Nyiredy, S. Determination of Neutral Cannabinoids in Hemp Samples by Overpressured-Layer Chromatography. Chromatographia 2002, 56, S165–S168. DOI: 10.1007/BF02494131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daffau, B. E.; Alcaman, K. Analysis of Three Main Cannbabinoids in Seized Marijuana by Densitometric High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. J. Planar Chromatogr.-Mod. TLC 2019, 32, 343–346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teh, S.-S.; Morlock, G. E. Analysis of Bioactive Components of Oilseed Cakes by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography-(Bio)Assay Combined with Mass Spectrometry. Chromatography. 2015, 2, 125–140.
   Google Scholar
• De Faubert Maunder, M. J. The Forensic Significance of the Age and Origin of Cannabis. Med. Sci. Law. 1976, 16, 78–90. DOI: 10.1177/002580247601600203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noirfalise, A.; Lambert, J. Proof of the Consumption of Cannabis. UNODC-Bull. Narc 1978, Issue 3, 65–67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao, N. G. S.; Poklis, A.; Khalil, S. K. W.; Schermeister, L. J. Examination of North Dakota Plants by a Thin Layer Chromatographic Method Used to Identify Cannabis. Quart. J. Crude Drug Res. 1978, 16, 22–28. DOI: 10.3109/13880207809083249.
   Google Scholar
• Lavanya, K.; Baggi, T. R. An Improved Thin Layer Chromatographic Method for the Detection and Identification of Cannabinoids in Cannabis. Forensic Sci. Int. 1990, 47, 165–171. DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(90)90210-P.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillsunde, P.; Korte, T.Comprehensive Drug Screening in Urine Using solid-phase extraction and combined TLC and GC/MS identification. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1991, 15, 71–81. DOI: 10.1093/jat/15.2.71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauber, D. J. Marijuana Analysis with Recording of Botanical Features Present and without the Environmental Pollutants of the Duquenois-Levine Test. J. Forensic Sci. 1992, 37, 13356J–131661. DOI: 10.1520/JFS13356J.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jermain, J. D.; Evans, H. K. Analyzing Salvia Divinorum and Its Active Ingredient Salvinorin a Utilizing Thin Layer Chromatography and Gas Chromaography/Mass Spectrometry. J. Forensic Sci. 2009, 54, 612–616. DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.00999.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teotia, A. K.; Kumar, S. Screening, Identification and Quantitation of Cannabis. Asian J. Res. Chem. 2009, 2, 401–403.
   Google Scholar
• Kuila, D. K.; Lahiri, S. C. Search for Suitable Mobile Phase in TLC Analysis of Different Drugs of Forensic Interest and Their Gas Liquid Chromatographic Experiment. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 2007, 84, 69–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• dos Santos, N. A.; Souza, L. M.; Domingos, E.; Franca, H. S.; Lacerda, V., Jr., Beatriz, A.; Vaz, B. G.; Rodrigues, R. R. T.; Carvalho, V. V.; Merlo, B. B.; et al. Evaluating the Selectivity of Colorimetric Test (Fast Blue BB Salt) for the Cannabinoids Identification in Marijuana Street Samples by UV-Vis, TLC, ESI(+)FT-ICR MS and ESI(+). MS/MS. Forensic Chem. 2016, 1, 13–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2016.07.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balbino, M. A.; de Oliveira, L. S.; Eleoterio, I. C.; Oiye, E. N.; Ribeiro, M. F. M.; McCord, B. R.; Ipolito, A. J.; de Oliveira, M. F. The Application of Voltammetric Analysis of Δ9-THC for the Reduction of False Positive Results in the Analysis of Suspected Marijuana Plant Matter. J. Forensic Sci. 2016, 61, 1067–1073. DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Zeeuw, R. A.; Vree, T. B.; Breimer, D. D.; van Ginneken, C. A. Cannabivarichromene, a New Cannabinoid with a Propyl Side Chain in Cannabis. Experientia 1973, 29, 260–261. DOI: 10.1007/bf01926461.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kushima, H.; Shoyama, Y.; Nishioka, I. Cannabis. XII. Variations of Cannabinoid Contents in Several Strains of Cannabis Sativa L. with Leaf-Age, Season and Sex. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1980, 28, 594–598. DOI: 10.1248/cpb.28.594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schurr, A.; Rigor, B. M. Cannabis Extract, but Not Δ1-Tetrahydrocannainol, Inhibits Human Brain and Liver Monoamine Oxidase. Gen. Pharmac. 1984, 15, 171–174. DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(84)90104-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eikel, D.; Prosser, S. J.; Henion, J. D. Using Compact Mass Spectromtry for Detection and Quantitation of Cannabis-Related Compounds. Specrtoscopy 2015, 13, 20–27.
   Google Scholar
• Kanter, S. L.; Hollister, L. E.; Musumeci, M.Marijuana metabolites in urine of man. X. Identification of marijuana use by detection of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acid using thin-layer chromatography . J. Chromatogr. 1982, 234, 201–208. DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)81793-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kogan, M. J.; Newman, E.; Willson, N. J. Detection of Marijuana Metabolite 11-nor-Tetrahydrocannabinol-9-Carboxylic Acid in Human Urine by Bonded Phase Adsorption and Thin Layer Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1984, 306, 441–443. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)80913-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbey, K.; Mule, S. J.; Alrazi, J.; Lehrer, M. One Hundred EMIT Positive Cannabinoid Urine Samples Confirmed by BPA/TLC, RIA, and GC/MS. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1986, 10, 79–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eskridge, K. D.; Guthrie, S. K. Clinical Issues Associated with Urine Testing of Substances of Abuse. Pharmacotherapy 1997, 17, 497–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, P.; Bharath, M. M.; Murthy, P. Qualitative High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) Analysis of Cannabinoids in Urine Samples of Cannabis Abusers. Indian J. Med. Res. 2010, 132, 201–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taufik, M.; Marpaung, H.; Kaban, J.; Wirjosentono, B. Analysis of User’s Hair Cannabinoid of Narcotic Type of Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa L.) Using GCMS Technic. Ajbls. 2016, 4, 1–10. DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20160401.11.
   Google Scholar
• Uchiyama, N.; Kikura-Hanajiri, R.; Kawahara, N.; Goda, Y. Identification of a Cannabimimetric Indole as a Designer Drug in a Herbal Product. Forensic. Toxicol. 2009, 27, 61–66. DOI: 10.1007/s11419-009-0069-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchiyama, N.; Kawamura, M.; Kikura-Hanajiri, R.; Goda, Y. Identification and Quantitation of Two Cannabimimetric Phenylacetyl Indoles JWH-251 and JWH-250, and Four Cannabimimetric Naphthoylindoles JWH-081, JWH-015, JWH-200, and JWH-073 as Designer Drugs in Illegal Products. Forensic. Toxicol. 2011, 29, 25–37. DOI: 10.1007/s11419-010-0100-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan, B. K.; Reinhold, L. E.; Xu, A.; Diamond, F. X. Identification of Synthetic Cannabinoids in Herbal Incense Blends in the United States. J. Forensic Sci. 2012, 57, 1168–1180. DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02207.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bebarta, V. S.; Ramirez, S.; Varney, S. M. Spice: A New “Legal” Herbal Mixture Abused by Young Active Duty Military Personnel. Subst. Abus. 2012, 33, 191–194. DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2011.637610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneisel, S.; Bisel, P.; Brecht, V.; Broecker, S.; Müller, M.; Auwärter, V. Identification of the Cannabimimetic AM-1220 and Its Azepane Isomer (N-Methylazepan-3-yl)-3-(!-Napthhoyl)Indole in a Research Chemical and Several Herbal Mixtures. Forensic Toxicol. 2012, 30, 126–134. DOI: 10.1007/s11419-012-0137-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneisel, S.; Westphal, F.; Bisel, P.; Brecht, V.; Broecker, S.; Auwärter, V. Identification and Structural Characterization of the Synthetic Cannabinoid 3-(1-Adamantoyl)-1-Pentylindole as an Additive in “Herbal Incense. J. Mass Spectrom. 2012, 47, 195–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alsoud, A. R. A.; Al-Tannak, N.; Bojabarah, H.; Orabi, K. Y. AB-FUBINACA, a Synthetic Cannabinoid in “Funky Green Stuff. Int. J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci. 2015, 7, 111–115.
   Google Scholar
• The AOAC Cannabis Analytical Science Program (CASP) <https://cannabisindustryjournal.com/feature_article/spotlight-on-aoac-new-leadership-new-initiatives-in-cannabis-food/> (accessed on May 24, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Audino, S. Can Analytical Testing Quality Be Assured in the Cannabis Industry? Cannabis Sci. Technol. 2018, 1, 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Atkins, P. L. Sample Processing and Preparation Considerations for Solid Cannabis Products. J. AOAC Int. 2019, 102, 427–433. DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.18-0203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoyama, Y.; Kuboe, K.; Nishioka, I.; Yamauchi, T. Cannabidiol Monomethyl Ether. A New Neutral Cannabinoid. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1972, 20, 2072. DOI: 10.1248/cpb.20.2072.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen, J. M.; Nielsen, E.; Schou, J.; Steentoft, A.; Worm, K. A Specific Method for the Demonstration of Cannabis Intake by TLC of Urine. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh) 1971, 29, 111–112. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1971.tb00590.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quraishi, R.; Jain, R.; Chatterjee, B.; Verma, A. Laboratory Profiles of Treatment-Seeking Subjects with Concurrent Dependence on Cannabis and Other Substances: A Comparative Study. Int. J. High Risk Behav. Addict. 2013, 2, 107–111. DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.10993.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simpson, D.; Braithwaite, R. A.; Jarvie, D. R.; Stewart, M. J.; Walker, S.; Watson, I. W.; Widdop, B. Screening of Drugs of Abuse (II): Cannabinoids, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Buprenorphine, Methadone, Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, and Other Drugs. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 1997, 34, 460–510. DOI: 10.1177/000456329703400502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth, J. K.; Bohlmann, J. Terpenes in Cannabis Sativa - From plant genome to humans. Plant Sci. 2019, 284, 67–72. DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojtunik-Kulesza, K. A.; Targowska-Duda, K.; Klimek, K.; Ginalska, G.; Jozwiak, K.; Waksmundzka-Hajnos, M.; Ciesla, L. Volatile Terpenoids as Potential Drug Leads in Alzheimer’s Disease. Open Chem. 2017, 15, 332–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Z.; Kempinski, C.; Chappell, J. Extraction and Analysis of Terpenes/Terpenoids. Curr. Protoc. Plant Biol. 2016, 1, 345–368. DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20024.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Atkins, P. Beyond Potency: The Importance of Terpenes. Cannabis Sci. Technol. 2019, 2, 22–27.
   Google Scholar