Demographic, Geographic, and Temporal Patterns of Ambulance Runs for Suspected Opiate Overdose in Rhode Island, 1997–2002

References

• Bammer G., Ostini R., Sengoz A. Using ambulance service records to examine nonfatal heroin overdoses. Australian Journal Public of Health 1995; 19(3)316–317
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brinsfield K. H., Serino R. (2000) Emergency medical service data analysis to identify heroin overdose incidence [10898]. The proceedings of the 128th annual meeting of the American Public Health Association. Boston, MA, Nov., 12–162000. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heroin overdose deaths—Multnomah County, Oregon, 1993–1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2000; 49(28)633–635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Unintentional opiate overdose deaths—King County, Washington, 1993–1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2000; 49(28)633–635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chicago Recovery Alliance. 2003, Opiate OD prevention/intervention work in Chicago. Available at http://www.anypositivechange.org/OD1202.pdf Accessed December 2.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson P. J., McLean R. L., Kral A. H., Gleghorn A. A., Edlin B. R., Moss A. R. Fatal heroin-related overdose in San Francisco, 1997–2000: a case for targeted intervention. Journal of Urban Health 2003; 80(2)261–273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darke S., Ross J., Hall W. Overdose among heroin users in Sydney, Australia. II. Responses to overdose. Addiction 1996; 91(3)413–417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degenhardt L., Adelstein B.-A. Ambulance calls to suspected ODs: New South Wales patterns July 1997 to June 1999. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 2001; 25(5)447–450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietze P. M., Cvetkovski S., Rumbold G., Miller P. Ambulance attendance at heroin overdose in Melbourne: the establishment of a database of ambulance service records. Drug and Alcohol Review 2000; 19: 27–33
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietze P., Fry C., Sunjic S., Bammer G., Zador D., Jolley D., Rumbold G. Using ambulance attendances to recruit people who have experienced non-fatal heroin OD. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2002; 67(1)99–103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dettmer K., Saunders B., Strang J. Take home naloxone and the prevention of death from opiate overdose: two pilot schemes. BMJ 2001; 322(7291)895–896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn J., Ferri C. P., Laranjeira R. Does multisite sampling improve patient heterogeneity in drug misuse research? Drug and Alcohol Depend 2001; 63(1)79–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiuty, P. G. (2003). Naloxone prescriptions to IDUs in New Mexico [71616]. Proceedings of the 131st annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, San Francisco, CA, Nov. 15–19, 2003. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC
   Google Scholar
• Gallerani M., Manfredini R., Dal Monte D., Calo G., Brunaldi V., Simonato M. Circadian differences in the individual sensitivity to opiate overdose. Critical Care Medicine 2001; 29(1)96–101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gossop M., Griffiths P., Powis B., Williamson S., Strang J. Frequency of non-fatal overdose: survey of heroin users recruited in non-clinical settings. BMJ 1996; 313: 402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman J. R., Schriger D. L., Luo J. S. The empiric use of naloxone in patients with altered mental status: a reappraisal. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1991; 20(3)246–252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hser Y. I., Hoffman V., Grella C. E., Anglin M. D. A 33-year follow-up of narcotics addicts. Archives of General Psychiatry 2001; 58(5)503–508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalter H. D., Ruttenber A. J., Zack M. M. Temporal clustering of heroin overdoses in Washington, DC. Journal of Forensic Sciences 1989; 34(1)156–163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long J. S., Freese J. Regression model for Categorical Dependent Variables Using STATA, , et al. STATA Press, College Station, TX 2001
   Google Scholar
• McGregor C., Darke S., Ali R., Christie P. Experience of non-fatal overdose among heroin users in Adelaide: circumstances and risk perception. Addiction 1998; 93(5)701–711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office of National Drug Control Policy. What America's Users Spend on Illegal Drugs, 1988–1995, , et al. Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC 1997
   Google Scholar
• Office of National Drug Control Policy. 2003, State of Rhode Island: Profile of Drug Indicators. Office of National Drug Control Policy, Drug Policy Information Clearinghouse
   Google Scholar
• Phillips D. P., Christenfeld N., Ryan N. M. An increase in the number of deaths in the United States in the first week of the month: an association with substance abuse and other causes of death. New England and Journal of Medicine 1999; 341(2)93–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rich J. D., Schwartzapfel B., Mattheus-Kairys M., McKenzie M. (2004) Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Urban Health. Boston, MA, October, 20–222004. International Society for Urban Health, New York, Prevalence and characteristics of overdose among persons recently released from prison [05129P]
   Google Scholar
• Seal K. H., Kral A. H., Gee L., Moore L. D., Bluthenthal R. N., Lorvick J., Edlin B. R. Predictors and prevention of nonfatal OD among street-recruited injection heroin users in the San Francisco Bay area, 1998–1999. American Journal of Public Health 2001; 91(11)1842–1846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seal K. H., Downing M., Kral A. H., Singleton-Banks S., Hammond J. P., Lorv J., Ciccarone D., Edlin B. R. Attitudes about prescribing take-home naloxone to injection drug users fro the management of heroin overdose: a survey of street-recruited injectors in the San Francisco Bay Area. Journal of Urban Health 2003; 80(2)291–301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seal K. H., Thawley R., Hammond J. P., Downing M., Bamberger J., Ciccarone D., Kral A. H. Proceedings of the 131st annual meeting of the American Public Health Association. San Francisco, CA. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC 2003, Providing naloxone and resuscitation training to heroin injectors can save lives [65486]
   Google Scholar
• Seidler D., Schmeiser-Rieder A., Schlarp O., Laggner A N. Heroin and opiate emergencies in Vienna: analysis at the municipal ambulance service. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2000; 53(7)734–741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2002, State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations prehospital care protocols and standing orders. Rhode Island Department of Health, Division of Emergency Medical Services. Effective December 1.
   Google Scholar
• Stein M. D., Bonanno J., O'Sullivan P. S., Wachtel T. J. Changes in the pattern of drug overdoses. Journal of General Internal Medicine 1993; 8(4)179–184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strang J., Best D., Man L., Noble A., Gossop M. Peer-initiated overdose resuscitation: fellow drug users could be mobilized to implement resuscitation. International Journal on Drug Policy 2000; 11(6)437–445
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strang J., Powis B., Best D., Vingoe L., Griffiths P., Taylor C., Welch S., Gossop M. Preventing opiate overdose fatalities with take-home naloxone: pre-launch study of possible impact and acceptability. Addiction 1999; 94(2)199–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. Drug Abuse Warning Network: Development of a New Design—Methodology Report. Methodology Series M-4, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 02–3754. 2002
   Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. 2002; 76–77, Mortality from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2001: Providence, RI. DAWN Series D-23, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 03-3781. Rockville, MD
   Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. 2002, Emergency Department Trends From the Drug Abuse Warning Network, Preliminary Estimates January—June 2002. DAWN Series: D-22, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 03–3779, Rockville, MD, 23
   Google Scholar
• Tandy K. P. Presented at Drug Enforcement Administration New England Governors Summit. Boston, MA, 2003, Available at http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/speeches/s100803p.html. Accessed December 1., Speech.
   Google Scholar
• Tobin K. E., Gaasch W. R., Clarke. C., Mackenzie E., Latkin C. A. Attitudes of emergency medical service providers towards naloxone distribution programs. J Urban Health 2005; 82(2)296–302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. 2003, DP-1. Profile of general demographic characteristics: 2000; data set: Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF-1) 100-Percent Data; geographic area: Rhode Island. Available at http://factfinder.census.gov. Accessed December 3.
   Google Scholar
• Walter S. D., Elwood J. M. A test for seasonality events with a variable population at risk. British Journal of Preventative and Social Medicine 1975; 29(1)18–21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeger S. L., Liang K. Y. Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics 1986; 42(1)121–130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar