Examination of Tobacco-Related Messaging and Tobacco Use over Time among U.S. Military Young Adults

References

• Agaku, I. T., King, B. A., Husten, C. G., Bunnell, R., Ambrose, B. K., Hu, S. S., Holder-Hayes, E., & Day, H. R. (2014). Tobacco product use among adults–United States, 2012-2013. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 63(25), 542–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbeau, E. M., Wolin, K. Y., Naumova, E. N., & Balbach, E. (2005). Tobacco advertising in communities: Associations with race and class. Preventive Medicine, 40(1), 16–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlesworth, A., & Glantz, S. A. (2005). Smoking in the movies increases adolescent smoking: A review. Pediatrics, 116(6), 1516–1528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, L., Glasser, A. M., Abudayyeh, H., Pearson, J. L., & Villanti, A. C. (2019). E-cigarette marketing and communication: How e-cigarette companies market e-cigarettes and the public engages with e-cigarette information. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 21(1), 14–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creamer, M. R., Wang, T. W., Babb, S., Cullen, K. A., Day, H., Willis, G., Jamal, A., & Neff, L. (2019). Tobacco product use and cessation indicators among adults—United States, 2018. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68(45), 1013–1019. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6845a2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai, H., & Hao, J. (2016). Exposure to advertisements and susceptibility to electronic cigarette use among youth. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(6), 620–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Defense. (2013). 2011 Health related behaviors survey of active duty military personnel. Department of Defense TMA, Defense Health Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation (DHCAPE), and the United States Coast Guard. Fairfax.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Defense. (2016). Air Force by gender, race, and ethnicity. Office of Diversity Management and Equal Opportunity. https://diversity.defense.gov/Portals/51/Documents/Presidential%20Memorandum/20161018%20Abbreviated%20US%20Air%20Force%20by%20Gender,%20Race,%20and%20Ethnicity%20v1.0.pdf?ver=2017-01-04-135012-593
   Google Scholar
• Depue, J. B., Southwell, B. G., Betzner, A. E., & Walsh, B. M. (2015). Encoded exposure to tobacco use in social media predicts subsequent smoking behavior. American Journal of Health Promotion, 29(4), 259–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadus, M. C., Smith, T. T., & Squeglia, L. M. (2019). The rise of e-cigarettes, pod mod devices, and JUUL among youth: Factors influencing use, health implications, and downstream effects. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 201, 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gowin, M., Cheney, M. K., & Wann, T. F. (2017). Knowledge and beliefs about e-cigarettes in straight-to-work young adults. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 19(2), 208–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hand, D. J., & Till, R. J. (2001). A simple generalisation of the area under the ROC curve for multiple class classification problems. Machine Learning, 45(2), 171–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hébert, E. T., Case, K. R., Kelder, S. H., Delk, J., Perry, C. L., & Harrell, M. B. (2017). Exposure and engagement with tobacco-and e-cigarette–related social media. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(3), 371–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksen, L., Schleicher, N. C., Feighery, E. C., & Fortmann, S. P. (2010). A longitudinal study of exposure to retail cigarette advertising and smoking initiation. Pediatrics, 126(2), 232–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, J., Kornfield, R., Szczypka, G., & Emery, S. L. (2014). A cross-sectional examination of marketing of electronic cigarettes on Twitter. Tobacco Control, 23(suppl 3), iii26–iii30. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, A. E., Hopper, T., Simpson, S., Nonnemaker, J., Lieberman, A. J., Hansen, H., Guillory, J., & Porter, L. (2015). Using Twitter data to gain insights into e-cigarette marketing and locations of use: An infoveillance study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(11), e251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J., Feng, Q., Fine, J. P., Pencina, M. J., & Van Calster, B. (2018). Nonparametric estimation and inference for polytomous discrimination index. Methods in Medical Research 27(10), 3092–3103.
   Google Scholar
• Little, M. A., Derefinko, K. J., Bursac, Z., Ebbert, J. O., Colvin, L., Talcott, G. W., Hryshko-Mullen, A. S., Richey, P. A., & Klesges, R. C. (2015). Prevalence and correlates of tobacco and nicotine containing product use in a sample of United States Air Force trainees. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18(4), 416–423. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little, M. A., Ebbert, J. O., Krukowski, R. A., Halbert, J., Kalpinski, R., Patten, C. A., Talcott, G. W., & Klesges, R. C. (2020a). Factors associated with cigarette use during Airmen’s first year of service in the United States Air Force. Military Medicine, 185(1–2), e212–e220. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little, M. A., Fahey, M. C., Wang, X. Q., Talcott, G. W., McMurry, T., & Klesges, R. C. (2020b). Trends in tobacco use among young adults presenting for military service in the United States Air Force between 2013 and 2018. Substance Use & Misuse, 56(3), 370–376. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2020.1868517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Zhao, S., Chen, X., Falk, E., & Albarracín, D. (2017). The influence of peer behavior as a function of social and cultural closeness: A meta-analysis of normative influence on adolescent smoking initiation and continuation. Psychological Bulletin, 143(10), 1082–1115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez, S. G., Garza, R. T., & Gonzalez-Blanks, A. G. (2012). Preventing smoking among Hispanic preadolescents: Program orientation, participant individualism-collectivism, and acculturation. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 34(2), 323–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986311435901
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovato, C., Watts, A., & Stead, L. F. (2011). Impact of tobacco advertising and promotion on increasing adolescent smoking behaviours. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003439.pub2
   Google Scholar
• Payne, J. D., Orellana-Barrios, M., Medrano-Juarez, R., Buscemi, D., & Nugent, K. (2016). Electronic cigarettes in the media. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 29(3), 280–283. 10.1080/08998280.2016.11929436
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pokhrel, P., Fagan, P., Herzog, T. A., Chen, Q., Muranaka, N., Kehl, L., & Unger, J. B. (2016). E-cigarette advertising exposure and implicit attitudes among young adult non-smokers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 163, 134–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokhrel, P., Fagan, P., Herzog, T. A., Laestadius, L., Buente, W., Kawamoto, C. T., Lee, H.-R., & Unger, J. B. (2018). Social media e-cigarette exposure and e-cigarette expectancies and use among young adults. Addictive Behaviors, 78, 51–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, C. D., Muench, C., Brede, E., Endrighi, R., Szeto, E. H., Sells, J. R., Lammers, J. P., Okuyemi, K. S., Izmirlian, G., & Waters, A. J. (2018). Pro-tobacco advertisement exposure among African American smokers: An ecological momentary assessment study. Addictive Behaviors, 83, 142–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roderick, J., Little, A., & Rubin, D. B. (2002). Statistical analysis with missing data. Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, E. A., & Malone, R. E. (2009a). “Everywhere the soldier will be”: Wartime tobacco promotion in the US military. American Journal of Public Health, 99(9), 1595–1602. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.152983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, E. A., & Malone, R. E. (2009b). Tobacco promotion to military personnel: “the plums are here to be plucked”. Military Medicine, 174(8), 797–806. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-04-4108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soneji, S., Yang, J., Knutzen, K. E., Moran, M. B., Tan, A. S., Sargent, J., & Choi, K. (2018). Online tobacco marketing and subsequent tobacco use. Pediatrics, 141(2), e20172927. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-2927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talcott, G. W., Ebbert, J. O., Klesges, R. C., Linde, B. D., Seals, R. W., Krukowski, R. A., Grieser, E. A., Oh, J. Y., & Martin-Zona, D. M. (2015). Tobacco research in the military: Reflections on 20 years of research in the United States Air Force. Military Medicine, 180(8), 848–850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). The health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress: A report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/50th-anniversary/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Vaporizers, e-cigarettes, and other nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Retrieved February 12, 2020, from, https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-ingredients-components/vaporizers-e-cigarettes-and-other-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems-ends. [Updated Jan 3] .
   Google Scholar
• Unger, J. B., & Bartsch, L. (2018). Exposure to tobacco websites: Associations with cigarette and e-cigarette use and susceptibility among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 78, 120–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Buuren, S., Brand, J. P., Groothuis-Oudshoorn, C. G., & Rubin, D. B. (2006). Fully conditional specification in multivariate imputation. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 76(12), 1049–1064. https://doi.org/10.1080/10629360600810434
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Calster, B., Vergouwe, Y., Looman, C. W. N., Van Belle, V., Timmerman, D., & Steyerberg, E. W. (2012). Assessing the discriminative ability of risk models for more than two outcome categories. European Journal of Epidemiology, 27(10), 761–770. 10.1007/s10654-012-9733-3 23054032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakefield, M., Flay, B., Nichter, M., & Giovino, G. (2003). Role of the media in influencing trajectories of youth smoking. Addiction, 98, 79–103. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.98.s1.6.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar