“I want purpose in my life”: A qualitative exploration of how homeless youth envision their futures

References

• Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. The American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for? Child Development Perspectives, 1(2), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00016.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (2016). Does emerging adulthood theory apply across social classes? national data on a persistent question. Emerging Adulthood, 4(4), 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696815613000
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aubry, T., Goering, P., Veldhuizen, S., Adair, C. E., Bourque, J., Distasio, J., Latimer, E., Stergiopoulos, V., Somers, J., Streiner, D. L., & Tsemberis, S. (2016). A multiple-city RCT of housing first with assertive community treatment for homeless Canadians with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services (Washington, DC), 67(3), 275–281. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201400587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aubry, T., Nelson, G., & Tsemberis, S. (2015). Housing first for people with severe mental illness who are homeless: A review of the research and findings from the at home—Chez soi demonstration project. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 60(11), 467–474. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371506001102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beal, S. J., & Crockett, L. J. (2010). Adolescents’ occupational and educational aspirations and expectations: Links to high school activities and adult educational attainment. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender, K., Yang, J., Ferguson, K., & Thompson, S. (2015). Experiences and needs of homeless youth with a history of foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 55, 222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.06.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Observatory on Homelessness. (2016). Canadian definition of youth homelessness. www.homelesshub.ca/youthhomelessdefinition
   Google Scholar
• Duchesne, A., Rivier, J., Hunter, P., & Cooper, I. (2019). Highlights of the National Shelter Study 2005 to 2016: Emergency Shelter Use in Canada. Government of Canada. https://www.infrastructure.gc.ca/homelessness-sans-abri/reports-rapports/shelter-study-national-etude-refuge-2005-2016-highlights-eng.html
   Google Scholar
• Gaetz, S. (2014a). A safe and decent place to live: Towards a Housing First framework for youth. Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press. https://www.homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/attachments/HFFWYouth-FullReport_0.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gaetz, S. (2014b). Can housing first work for youth? European Journal of Homelessness, 8(2), 159–175.
   Google Scholar
• Gaetz, S., Bonakdar, A., Ecker, J., MacDonald, C., Ilyniak, S., Kimura, L., Vijayaratnam, A., Banchani, E., & Ward, A. (2023). Evaluating the effectiveness of the housing first for youth (HF4Y) intervention for youth experiencing homelessness in Canada: Protocol for a multi-site, mixed methods randomized controlled trial. JMIR Research Protocols, 12, E46690. https://doi.org/10.2196/46690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaetz, S., O’Grady, B., Kidd, S., & Schwan, K. (2016). Without a home: The national youth homelessness survey. Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press. https://homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/attachments/WithoutAHome-final.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gaetz, S., Walter, H., & Story, C. (2021). This is housing first 4 youth: A program model guide (Part 1). Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press. https://www.homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/HF4Y-Program-Guide-Jul-15.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gaetz, S., Ward, A., & Kimura, L. (2019). Youth homelessness and housing stability: What outcomes should we be looking for? Healthcare Management Forum, 32(2), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0840470418817333
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Government of Canada. (2022). Infrastructure Canada - Everyone counts 2018: highlights - report. Government of Canada. https://www.infrastructure.gc.ca/homelessness-sans-abri/reports-rapports/pit-counts-dp-2018-highlights-eng.html
   Google Scholar
• Henry, M., Sousa, T. D., Roddey, C., Gayen, S., Bednar, T. J., Khadduri, J., Culhane, D. P. (2021). The 2020 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to congress, part 1: Point-in-time estimates of homelessness. https://works.bepress.com/dennis_culhane/251/
   Google Scholar
• Karabanow, J. (2008). Getting off the street: Exploring the processes of young people’s street exits. American Behavioral Scientist, 51(6), 772–788. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764207311987
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karabanow, J., Kidd, S., Frederick, T., & Hughes, J. (2016). Toward housing stability: Exiting homelessness as an emerging adult. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 43(1), 121–148.
   Google Scholar
• Kidd, S. A., & Evans, J. D. (2011). Home is where you draw strength and rest: The meanings of home for houseless young people. Youth & Society, 43(2), 752–773. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X10374018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd, S. A., Frederick, T., Karabanow, J., Hughes, J., Naylor, T., & Barbic, S. (2016). A mixed methods study of recently homeless youth efforts to sustain housing and stability. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 33(3), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-015-0424-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirk, C. M., Lewis, R. K., Lee, F. A., & Stowell, D. (2011). The power of aspirations and expectations: The connection between educational goals and risk behaviors among African American adolescents. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 39(4), 320–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2011.606406
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirst, M., Zerger, S., Harris, D. W., Plenert, E., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2014). The promise of recovery: Narratives of hope among homeless individuals with mental illness participating in a Housing First randomised controlled trial in Toronto, Canada. BMJ Open, 4(3), e004379. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, S., & Shoshana, A. (2020). “What for? I’ll be 18 soon and getting out of here”: Future orientation among immigrant at-risk youth in Israel. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manoni-Millar, S., Distasio, J., Latimer, E., Somers, J., Stergiopoulos, V., Kerman, N., Roy, L., & Aubry, T. (2023). Examining risk factors and protective resources as predictors of recovery among youth with mental illness and lived experience of homelessness. Youth & Society, 55(5), 924–946. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X221140929
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, K., & Barnett, D. (2000). First comes work, then comes marriage: Future orientation among African American young adolescents. Family Relations, 49(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00063.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McWhirter, E. H., & McWhirter, B. T. (2008). Adolescent future expectations of work, education, family, and community development of a new measure. Youth & Society, 40(2), 182–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X08314257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2018). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, B., & Bowen, E. (2020). “I know where the rest of my life is going”: Attitudinal and behavioral dimensions of resilience for homeless emerging adults. Journal of Social Service Research, 46(4), 553–570. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2019.1607647
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton, M., & Chrisler, A. (2019). Measuring up: Youth-level outcomes and measures for system responses to youth homelessness. Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Morton, M., Dworsky, A., Samuels, G. M., & Patel, S. (2018). Voices of youth count comprehensive report: Youth homelessness in America. Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago. https://www.chapinhall.org/wp-content/uploads/Voices-of-Youth-Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nurmi, J.-E. (1991). How do adolescents see their future? A review of the development of future orientation and planning. Developmental Review, 11(1), 1–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(91)90002-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raffaelli, M., & Koller, S. H. (2005). Future expecations of Brazilian street youth. Journal of Adolescence, 28(2), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulimani-Aidan, Y. (2015). Do they get what they expect?: The connection between young adults’ future expectations before leaving care and outcomes after leaving care. Children and Youth Services Review, 55, 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulimani-Aidan, Y. (2017). Future expectations as a source of resilience among young people leaving care. The British Journal of Social Work, 47(4), 1111–1127. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcw077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulimani-Aidan, Y., & Benbenishty, R. (2011). Future expectations of adolescents in residential care in Israel. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(7), 1134–1141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.02.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulimani-Aidan, Y., & Melkman, E. (2022). Future orientation among at-risk youth in Israel. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(4), 1483–1491. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thulien, N. S., Amiri, A., Hwang, S. W., Kozloff, N., Wang, A., Akdikmen, A., Roglich, J., & Nisenbaum, R. (2022). Effect of portable rent subsidies and mentorship on socioeconomic inclusion for young people exiting homelessness. JAMA Network Open, 5(10), e2238670. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.38670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thulien, N. S., Hwang, S. W., Kozloff, N., Nisenbaum, R., Akdikmen, A., Fambegbe, O. (Pukky), Feraday, R., Mathewson, C., Mutamiri, M., Roglich, J., Wang, A., Zagala, M., & Amiri, A. (2023). “When I think about my future, I just see darkness”: How youth exiting homelessness navigate the hazy, liminal space between socioeconomic exclusion and inclusion. Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique, 114(6), 893–905. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-023-00804-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsemberis, S., & Eisenberg, R. F. (2000). Pathways to housing: Supported housing for street-dwelling homeless individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Services (Washington, DC), 51(4), 487–493. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.51.4.487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsemberis, S., Kent, D., & Respress, C. (2012). Housing stability and recovery among chronically homeless persons with co-occuring disorders in Washington, DC. American Journal of Public Health, 102(1), 13–16. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker, C. J., Sharp, E. H., Van Gundy, K. T., & Rebellon, C. J. (2017). Household chaos, relationships with parents and adolescents’ future beliefs. Journal of Family Studies, 23(3), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2015.1090327
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wehmeyer, M. L., & Shogren, K. A. (2017). The development of self-determination during adolescence. In M. L. Wehmeyer, K. A. Shogren, T. D. Little, & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Development of self-determination through the life-course (pp. 89–98). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1042-6_7
   Google Scholar