Relative Risks of Deer–Vehicle Collisions Along Road Types in Southeast Michigan

References

• Agresti , A. 1996 . An introduction to categorical data analysis , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , J. B. and Davidovits , P. 1975 . Isotope separation in a “seeded beam.” . Science , 187 : 642 – 644 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bashore , T. L. , Tzilkowski , W. M. and Bellis , E. D. 1985 . Analysis of deer-vehicle collision sites in Pennsylvania . Journal of Wildlife Management , 49 : 769 – 774 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissonette , J. A. , Kassar , C. A. and Cook , L. J. 2008 . Assessment of costs associated with deer-vehicle collisions: Human death and injury, vehicle damage, and deer loss . Human–Wildlife Conflicts , 2 ( 1 ) : 17 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Bissonette , J. A. and Kassar , C. A. 2008 . Locations of deer-vehicle collisions are unrelated to traffic volume or posted speed limit . Human–Wildlife Conflicts , 2 ( 1 ) : 122 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Boyd , R. S. and Cooperrider , A. Y. 1986 . “ Ungulates ” . In Inventory and monitoring of wildlife habitat , Edited by: Cooperrider , A. Y. , Black , R. S. and Stuart , H. R. 519 – 564 . Denver, CO: Dept. Int., Bur. Land Management Service Center .
   Google Scholar
• Conover , M. R. , Pitt , W. C. , Kessler , K. K. , DuBow , T. J. and Sanborn , W. A. 1995 . Review of human injuries, illnesses, and economic losses caused by wildlife in the United States . Wildlife Society Bulletin , 23 : 407 – 414 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conover , M. R. 1997 . Monetary and intangible valuation of deer in the United States . Wildlife Society Bulletin , 25 : 298 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornfield , J. 1956 . A statistical problem arising from retrospective studies. Proceedings of the Third Berkely Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability . 4 : 135 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Duvendeck , J. P. 1964 . The value and prediction of acorn crops for deer , USA : Dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan .
   Google Scholar
• Etter , D. R. , Hollis , K. M. , Van Deelen , T. R. , Ludwig , D. R. , Chelsvig , J. E. , Anchor , C. L. and Warner , R. E. 2002 . Survival and movements of white-tailed deer in suburban Chicago, Illinois . Journal of Wildlife Management , 66 : 500 – 510 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felix , A. B. 2003 . Development of landscape-scale models to describe habitat potential of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Michigan , USA : Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan .
   Google Scholar
• Felix , A. B. , Campa , H. III , Millenbah , K. F. , Winterstein , S. R. and Moritz , W. E. 2004 . Development of landscape-scale habitat potential models for forest wildlife planning and management . Wildlife Society Bulletin , 32 : 795 – 806 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finder , R. A. , Roseberry , J. L. and Woolf , A. 1999 . Site and landscape conditions at white-tailed deer/vehicle collision locations in Illinois . Landscape and Urban Planning , 44 : 77 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladfelter , H. L. 1984 . “ Midwest agricultural region ” . In White-tailed deer ecology and management , Edited by: Halls , L. K. , McCabe , R. E. and Jahn , L. R. 427 – 440 . Harrisburg, PA : Stackpole Books .
   Google Scholar
• Groot Bruinderink , G.W. T. A. and Hazebroek , E. 1996 . Ungulate traffic collisions in Europe . Conservation Biology , 10 : 1059 – 1067 .
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , C. S. 1983 . Costs of deer-vehicle accidents in Michigan . Wildlife Society Bulletin , 11 : 161 – 164 .
   Google Scholar
• Harlow , R. F. , Whelan , J. B. , Crawford , H. S. and Skeen , S. E. 1975 . Deer foods during years of oak mast abundance and scarcity . Journal of Wildlife Management , 39 : 330 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbard , M. W. , Danielson , B. J. and Schmitz , R. A. 2000 . Factors influencing the location of deer-vehicle accidents in Iowa . Journal of Wildlife Management , 64 : 707 – 713 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain , A. , Armstrong , J. B. , Brown , D. B. and Hogland , J. 2007 . Human–Wildlife Conflicts , 1 ( 1 ) : 89 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Kohn , B. E. and Mooty , J. J. 1971 . Summer habitat of white-tailed deer in north-central Minnesota . Journal of Wildlife Management , 35 : 476 – 487 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura , M. 1965 . Some recent advances in the theory of population genetics . Journal of Human Genetics , 10 : 43 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Lischka , S. A. , Riley , S. J. and Rudolph , B. A. 2008 . Factors affecting acceptance capacity for white-tailed deer among residents of southern Michigan . Journal of Wildlife Management , 72 ( 2 ) : 502 – 509 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcoux , A. 2005 . Deer-vehicle collisions: An understanding of accident characteristics and drivers’ attitudes, awareness, and involvement , USA : Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan .
   Google Scholar
• Marcoux , A. and Riley , S. J. 2009 . “ Driver knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about deer-vehicle collisions in southern Michigan ” . In Human–Wildlife Conflicts Vol. 3 , in press
   Google Scholar
• Marcoux , A. , Hickling , G. , Riley , S. J and Winterstein , S. R. 2005 . Situational and driver characteristics associated with deer-vehicle collisions in southeastern Michigan . Wildlife Damage Conference , 11 : 363 – 374 .
   Google Scholar
• McShea , W. J. , Stewart , C. M. , Kearns , L. J. , Liccioli , S. and Kocka , D. 2008 . Factors affecting autumn deer-vehicle collisions in a rural Virginia county . Human–Wildlife Conflicts , 2 ( 1 ) : 110 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Ng , J. W. , Nielsen , C. and St. Clair , C. C. 2008 . Landscape and traffic factors influencing deer-vehicle collisions in an urban environment . Human–Wildlife Conflicts , 2 ( 1 ) : 34 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Nixon , C. M. , McClain , M. W. and Russell , K. R. 1970 . Deer food habits and range characteristics in Ohio . Journal of Wildlife Management , 34 : 870 – 886 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pusateri , J. S. 2003 . White-tailed deer population characteristics and landscape use patterns in southwestern Lower Michigan , USA : Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan .
   Google Scholar
• Reilley , R. E. and Green , H. E. 1974 . Deer mortality on a Michigan Interstate Highway . Journal of Wildlife Management , 38 : 16 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudharsan , K. 2005 . Environmental factors affecting the frequency and rate of deer-vehicle crashes (DVCs) in southern Michigan , USA : M.S. thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan .
   Google Scholar
• Sudharsan , K. , Riley , S. J. , Rudolph , B. A. and Maurer , B. A. 2005 . Deer-vehicle crash patterns across ecoregions in Michigan . Proceedings of Wildlife Damage Management Conference , 11 : 246 – 255 .
   Google Scholar
• Sudharsan , K. , Riley , S. J. and Winterstein , S. 2006 . Relationship of fall hunting season to the frequency of deer-vehicle collisions in Michigan . Journal of Wildlife Management , 70 : 1161 – 1164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaske , J. J. 2008 . Survey research and analysis: Applications in parks, recreation and human dimensions , State College, PA: Venture Publishing .
   Google Scholar