A scoping review on the relationship between mental wellbeing and medical professionalism

References

• Lesser CS, Lucey CR, Egener B, et al. A behavioral and systems view of professionalism. JAMA. 2010;304(24):2732–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach DC. Professionalism: the formation of physicians. Am J Bioeth. 2004;4(2):11–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucey C, Souba W. Perspective: the problem with the problem of professionalism. Acad Med. 2010;85(6):1018–1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physicians’ charter. Lancet. 2002;359(9305):520–522. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07684-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruess SR, Johnston S, Cruess RL. “Profession”: a working definition for medical educators. Teach Learn Med. 2004;16(1):74–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sattar K, Yusoff MSB, Arifin WN, et al. Scoping review of frequently highlighted attributes of Medical Professionalism in an Undergraduate Medical Education Context. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4). DOI:10.12669/pjms.37.4.4004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sattar K, Akram A, Ahmad T, et al. Professionalism development of undergraduate medical students: effect of time and transition. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(9):e23580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilton SR, Slotnick HB. Proto-professionalism: how professionalisation occurs across the continuum of medical education. Med Educ. 2005;39(1):58–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill AC, Nelson EA, Mian AI, et al. Responding to moderate breaches in professionalism: an intervention for medical students. Med Teach. 2015;37(2):136–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charon R. Narrative medicine: a model for empathy, reflection, profession, and trust. JAMA. 2001;286(15):1897–1902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halpern J. What is clinical empathy? J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(8):670–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decety J. Empathy in medicine: what it is, and how much we really need it. Am j med. 2020;133(5):561–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojat M, Louis DZ, Markham FW, et al. Physicians’ empathy and clinical outcomes for diabetic patients. Acad Med. 2011;86(3):359–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann M, Edelhäuser F, Tauschel D, et al. Empathy decline and its reasons: a systematic review of studies with medical students and residents. Acad Med. 2011;86(8):996–1009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao EL, Blinderman CD, Cross I. Reconsidering empathy: an interpersonal approach and participatory arts in the medical humanities. J Med Humanit. 2021;42:627–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO: World Health Organisation. Constitution of the World Health Organization. 2006 [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Keyes CL, Grzywacz JG. Health as a complete state: the added value in work performance and healthcare costs. J Occup Environ Med. 2005;47(5):523–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Shanafelt TD. Medical student distress: causes, consequences, and proposed solutions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80(12):1613–1622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffat KJ, McConnachie A, Ross S, et al. First year medical student stress and coping in a problem-based learning medical curriculum. Med Educ. 2004;38(5):482–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthrie E, Black D, Bagalkote H, et al. Psychological stress and burnout in medical students: a five-year prospective longitudinal study. J R Soc Med. 1998;91(5):237–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aktekin M, Karaman T, Senol YY, et al. Anxiety, depression and stressful life events among medical students: a prospective study in Antalya, Turkey. Med Educ. 2001;35(1):12–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohd Sidik S, Rampal L, Kaneson N. Prevalence of emotional disorders among medical students in a Malaysian university. Asia Pac Fam Med. 2003;2(4):213–217.
   Google Scholar
• Bond AR, Mason HF, Lemaster CM, et al. Embodied health: the effects of a mind-body course for medical students. Med Educ Online. 2013;18:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams J. Straining to describe and tackle stress in medical students. Med Educ. 2004;38(5):463–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaspersz R, Frings-Dresen MHW, Sluiter JK. Prevalence of common mental disorders among Dutch medical students and related use and need of mental health care: a cross-sectional study. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2012;24(2):169–172.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Evaluation of Humanistic Qualities in the Internist. Ann internal med. 1983;99(5):720–724. DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojat M, Mangione S, Nasca TJ, et al. An empirical study of decline in empathy in medical school. Med Educ. 2004;38(9):934–941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojat M, Vergare MJ, Maxwell K, et al. The devil is in the third year: a longitudinal study of erosion of empathy in medical school. Acad Med. 2009;84(9):1182–1191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woloschuk W, Harasym PH, Temple W. Attitude change during medical school: a cohort study. Med Educ. 2004;38(5):522–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan KH, Sheehan DV, White K, et al. A pilot study of medical student ‘abuse’: student perceptions of mistreatment and misconduct in medical school. JAMA. 1990;263(4):533–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyrbye LN, Harper W, Moutier C, et al. A multi-institutional study exploring the impact of positive mental health on medical students’ professionalism in an era of high burnout. Acad Med. 2012;87(8):1024–1031. DOI:10.1097/ACM.0b013e31825cfa35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant MJ, Booth A. A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Info Libr J. 2009;26(2):91–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalil H, Peters M, Godfrey CM, et al. An evidence-based approach to scoping reviews. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2016;13(2):118–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodo. 2005;8(1):19–32.
   Google Scholar
• Levac D, Colquhoun H, O’Brien KK. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implement Sci. 2010;5(1):1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLOS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elo S, Kyngas H. The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs. 2008;62(1):107–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong L. Data analysis in qualitative research: a brief guide to using nvivo. Malays Fam Phys. 2008;3(1):14–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kötter T, Kiehn L, Obst KU, et al. The development of empathy and associated factors during medical education: a longitudinal study. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2021;8:23821205211030176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidhukumar K, Hamza M. prevalence and correlates of burnout among undergraduate medical students - a cross-sectional survey. Indian J Psychol Med. 2020;42(2):122–127.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang Q, Wang L, Shi M, et al. Empathy, burnout, life satisfaction, correlations and associated socio-demographic factors among Chinese undergraduate medical students: an exploratory cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2019;19(1):341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahjudi JW, Findyartini A, Kaligis F. The relationship between empathy and stress: a cross-sectional study among undergraduate medical students. Korean J Med Educ. 2019;31(3):215–226.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suh WW, Cho SH, Yoo JY, et al. Relationship between psychological correlates and empathy in medical students: a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Investig. 2019;16(10):766–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmatpour P, Chehrzad M, Ghanbari A, et al. Academic burnout as an educational complication and promotion barrier among undergraduate students: a cross-sectional study. J Educ Health Promot. 2019;8:201.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• von Harscher H, Desmarais N, Dollinger R, et al. The impact of empathy on burnout in medical students: new findings. Psychol Health Med. 2018;23(3):295–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahimi S, Atazadeh F. Medical students’ occupational burnout and its relationship with professionalism. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2018;6(4):162–167.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richardson D, Jaber SM, Chan S, et al. Self-compassion and empathy: impact on burnout and secondary traumatic stress in medical training. Open J Epidemiol. 2016;06:161–166.
   Google Scholar
• Park KH, Kim DH, Kim SK, et al. The relationships between empathy, stress and social support among medical students. Int J Med Educ. 2015;6:103–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paro HB, Silveira PS, Perotta B, et al. Empathy among medical students: is there a relation with quality of life and burnout? PLoS ONE. 2014;9(4):e94133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasan SM, Al-Sharqawi NI, Dashti FA, et al. Level of empathy among medical students in Kuwait University, Kuwait. Med Princ Pract. 2013;22:385–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazeau CM, Schroeder R, Rovi S, et al. Relationships between medical student burnout, empathy, and professionalism climate. Acad Med. 2010;85(10 Suppl):S33–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyrbye LN, Massie FS Jr., Eacker A, et al. Relationship between burnout and professional conduct and attitudes among US medical students. JAMA. 2010;304(11):1173–1180. DOI:10.1001/jama.2010.1318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas MR, Dyrbye LN, Huntington JL, et al. How do distress and well-being relate to medical student empathy? A multicenter study. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(2):177–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazeau CM, Schroeder R, Rovi S, et al. Relationships between medical student burnout, empathy, and professionalism climate. Acad Med. 2011;86(10 Suppl):S42–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis MH, Davis MP, Davis M, et al. A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalogue of Selected Documents in Psychology. 1980;10:25.
   Google Scholar
• Maslach C, Leiter M. The truth about burnout. San Francisco, CA; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold L. Assessing professional behavior: yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Acad Med. 2002;77(6):502–515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physician charter. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(3):243–246. DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner-Hofbauer V, Schrank B, Holzinger A. What is a good doctor? Wien Med Wochenschr. 2018;168(15–16):398–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuguero O, Melnick ER, Marsal JR, et al. Cross-sectional study of the association between healthcare professionals’ empathy and burnout and the number of annual primary care visits per patient under their care in Spain. BMJ Open. 2018;8(7):e020949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuguero O, Marsal JR, Buti M, et al. Descriptive study of association between quality of care and empathy and burnout in primary care. BMC Med Ethics. 2017;18(1):54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duarte J, Pinto-Gouveia J. Empathy and feelings of guilt experienced by nurses: a cross-sectional study of their role in burnout and compassion fatigue symptoms. Appl Nurs Res. 2017;35:42–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silver J, Caleshu C, Casson-Parkin S, et al. Mindfulness among genetic counselors is associated with increased empathy and work engagement and decreased burnout and compassion fatigue. J Genet Couns. 2018;27(5):1175–1186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penšek L, Selič P. Empathy and burnout in Slovenian family medicine doctors: the first presentation of Jefferson scale of empathy results. Zdr Varst. 2018;57(3):155–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee PT, Loh J, Sng G, et al. Empathy and burnout: a study on residents from a Singapore institution. Singapore Med J. 2018;59(1):50–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson H, Whittington R, Perry L, et al. Examining the relationship between burnout and empathy in healthcare professionals: a systematic review. Burn Res. 2017;6:18–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yuguero O, Ramon Marsal J, Esquerda M, et al. Association between low empathy and high burnout among primary care physicians and nurses in Lleida, Spain. Eur J Gen Pract. 2017;23(1):4–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin EJ, Evans P, Goldwater R, et al. A preliminary study of emotional intelligence, empathy and exam performance in first year medical students. Pers Individ Dif. 2005;39(8):1395–1405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojat M, Gonnella JS, Nasca TJ, et al. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: further psychometric data and differences by gender and specialty at item level. Acad Med. 2002;77(10 Suppl):S58–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojat M, Erdmann JB, Gonnella JS. Personality assessments and outcomes in medical education and the practice of medicine: AMEE Guide No. 79. Med Teach. 2013;35(7):e1267–1301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojat M, Gonnella JS, Mangione S, et al. Empathy in medical students as related to academic performance, clinical competence and gender. Med Educ. 2002;36(6):522–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song Y, Shi M. Associations between empathy and big five personality traits among Chinese undergraduate medical students. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(2):e0171665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyrbye LN, West CP, Hunderfund AL, et al. Relationship between burnout, professional behaviors, and cost-conscious attitudes among US physicians. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35(5):1465–1476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanafelt TD, West C, Zhao X, et al. Relationship between increased personal well-being and enhanced empathy among internal medicine residents. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(7):559–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passalacqua SA, Segrin C. The effect of resident physician stress, burnout, and empathy on patient-centered communication during the long-call shift. Health Commun. 2012;27(5):449–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar