Bringing Group-Level Personality to the Electronic Realm: A Comparison of Face-to-Face and Virtual Contexts

REFERENCES

• Avolio , B. J. , Kahai , S. S. and Dodge , G. E. 2000 . E-leadership: Implications of theory, research, and practice . Leadership Quarterly , 11 : 615 – 668 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avolio , B. J. , Kahai , S. , Dumdum , R. and Sivasubramaniam , G. E. 2001 . “ Virtual teams: Implications for e-leadership and team development ” . In How People Evaluate Others in Organizations , 358 pp. 337– .
   Google Scholar
• Aylor , B. A. 2003 . “ Maintaining long-distance relationships ” . In Maintaining relationships through communication: Relational, contextual, and cultural variations , Edited by: Canary , D. J. and Dainton , M. 127 – 139 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Balthazard , P. , Waldman , D. A. , Howell , J. and Atwater , L. E. . Modeling performance in problem-solving teams: The effects of media type, shared leadership, interaction style, and cohesion . Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences . January ,
   Google Scholar
• Barrick , M. R. and Mount , M. K. 1991 . The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis . Personnel Psychology , 44 : 1 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrick , M. R. , Stewart , G. L. , Neubert , M. J. and Mount , M. K. 1998 . Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness . Journal of Applied Psychology , 83 : 377 – 391 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry , B. and Stewart , G. L. 1997 . Composition, process, and performance in self-managed groups: The role of personality . Journal of Applied Psychology , 82 : 62 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campion , M. A. , Medsker , G. and Higgs , C. 1993 . Relations between work group characteristics and effectiveness: Implications for designing effective work groups . Personnel Psychology , 46 : 823 – 847 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan , D. 1998 . Functional relations among constructs in the same content domain at different levels of analysis: A typology of composition models . Journal of Applied Psychology , 83 ( 2 ) : 234 – 246 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colquitt , J. A. , Hollenbeck , J. R. , Ilgen , D. R. , LePine , J. A. and Sheppard , L. 2002 . Computer-assisted communication and team decision-making performance: The moderating effect of openness to experience . Journal of Applied Psychology , 87 : 402 – 410 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , P. T. and McCrae , R. R. 1985 . The NEO-PI personality inventory , Odessa, FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Costa , P. T. and McCrae , R. R. 1992 . Revised NEO-PI personality inventory and new five factor inventory: Professional manual , Odessa, FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Daft , R. L. and Lengel , R. H. 1984 . “ Information richness: A new approach to managerial behavior and organizational design ” . In Research in organizational behavior Edited by: Staw , B. M. and Cummings , L. L. Vol. 6 , 191 – 233 .
   Google Scholar
• Daft , R. L. and Lengel , R. H. 1986 . Organizational information requirements, media richness, and structural determinants . Management Science , 32 : 554 – 571 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis , A. R. and Valacich , J. S. . Rethinking media richness: Towards a theory of media synchronicity . Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences . Vol. 1 , pp. 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• DeSanctis , G. and Poole , M. S. 1994 . Capturing the complexity in advanced technology use: Adaptive structuration theory . Organizational Science , 5 : 121 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devine , D. J. and Philips , J. L. . Do smarter teams do better? A meta-analysis of team level cognitive ability and team performance . Poster session presented at the 15th annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology . New Orleans, LA
   Google Scholar
• Digman , J. M. 1990 . Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model . Annual Review of Psychology , 41 : 417 – 440 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driskell , J. E. , Hogan , R. and Salas , E. 1988 . Personality and group performance . Review of Personality and Social Psychology , 14 : 91 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• Driskell , J. E. , Radtke , P. H. and Salas , E. 2004 . Virtual teams: Effects of technological mediation on team performance . Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice , 7 ( 4 ) : 297 – 323 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driskell , J. E. and Salas , E. 1992 . Collective behavior and team performance . Human Factors , 34 : 277 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edmonson , A. C. 2003 . Speaking up in the operating room: How team leaders promote learning in interdisciplinary action teams . Journal of Management Studies , 40 : 1419 – 1452 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , A. P. J. , Hollenbeck , J. R. , Ilgen , D. R. , Porter , C. O. L. H. , West , B. J. and Moon , H. 2003 . Team learning: Collectively connecting the dots . Journal of Applied Psychology , 88 : 821 – 835 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• English , A. , Griffith , R. L. and Steelman , L. A. 2004 . Team performance: The effect of team conscientiousness and task type . Small Group Research , 35 ( 6 ) : 643 – 665 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson , C. B. and Cohen , S. G. 2003 . Virtual teams that work , San Francisco : Jossey- Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg , L. R. 1999 . “ A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models ” . In Personality psychology in Europe , Edited by: Mervielde , I. , Deary , I. , De Fruyt , F. and Ostendorf , F. Vol. 7 , 7 – 28 . Tilburg, The Netherlands : Tilburg University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goodhue , D. L. and Thompson , R. L. 1995 . Task-technology fit and individual performance . MIS Quarterly , 19 : 213 – 236 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin , B. and Hesketh , B. 2004 . Why openness to experience is not a good predictor of job performance . International Journal of Selection and Assessment , 122 ( 3 ) : 243 – 251 .
   Google Scholar
• Griffith , T. L. and Neale , M. A. 2001 . “ Information processing in traditional, hybrid and virtual teams: From nascent knowledge to transactive memory ” . In Research in organizational behaviour , Edited by: Staw , B. M. and Sutton , R. I. Vol. 23 , New York : Elesevier .
   Google Scholar
• Hackman , R. J. 2002 . Leading teams , Boston : Harvard Business School Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hackman , R. J. and Morris , C. G. 1975 . “ Group tasks, group interaction process, and group performance effectiveness: A review and proposed integration ” . In Advances in experimental psychology , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. Vol. 8 , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hambley , L. A. , O'Neill , T. A. and Kline , T. J. B. 2007 . Virtual team leadership: Perspectives from the field . International Journal of e-Collaboration , 3 : 40 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Hertel , G. , Geister , S. and Konradt , U. 2005 . Managing virtual teams: A review of current empirical research . Human Resource Management Review , 15 : 69 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Hofmann , D. A. 2004 . “ Issues in multilevel research: Theory development, measurement, and analysis ” . In Handbook of research methods in industrial and organizational psychology , Edited by: Rogelberg , S. G. 247 – 274 . Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Hofmann , D. A. and Stetzer , A. 1998 . The role of safety climate and communication in accident interpretation: Implications for learning from negative events . Academy of Management Journal , 41 : 644 – 657 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hough , L. M. and Oswald , F. L. 2000 . Personnel selection: Looking toward the future-remembering the past . Annual Review of Psychology , 51 : 631 – 664 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hough , L. M. and Oswald , F. L. 2005 . They're right, well … mostly right: Research evidence and an agenda to rescue personality testing from 1960s insights . Human Performance , 18 ( 4 ) : 373 – 387 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Human , Synergistics . 2002 . Meeting Effectiveness Situation , Plymouth, MI : Human Synergistics International .
   Google Scholar
• James , L. R. , Demaree , R. G. and Wolf , G. 1984 . Estimating within-group interrater reliability with and without response bias . Journal of Applied Psychology , 69 : 85 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James , L. R. , Demaree , R. G. and Wolf , G. 1993 . rwg: An assessment of within-group interrater agreement . Journal of Applied Psychology , 78 : 306 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvenpaa , S. L. , Shaw , T. R. and Staples , D. S. 2004 . Toward contextualized theories of trust: The role of trust in global virtual teams . Information Systems Research , 15 ( 3 ) : 250 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kichuk , S. L. 1999 . The effect of general cognitive ability, teawork ksa's, and the “big five” personality factors on the performance of engineering design teams: Implications for the selection of teams . Dissertation Abstracts International , 59 : 3077
   Google Scholar
• Kline , T. J. B. 1999a . Remaking teams: The revolutionary research based guide that puts theory into practice , San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Kline , T. J. B. 1999b . The team player inventory: Reliability and validity of a measure of predisposition toward organizational team-working environments . Journal of Specialists in Group Work , 24 : 102 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• Kline , T. J. B. 2001 . Predicting team performance: Testing a model in a field setting . Journal of Specialists in Group Work , 26 : 185 – 197 .
   Google Scholar
• Kirkman , B. L. , Rosen , B. , Tesluk , P. E. and Gibson , C. B. 2004 . The impact of team empowerment on virtual team performance: The moderating role of face-to-face interaction . Academy of Management Journal , 47 ( 2 ) : 175 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kock , N. 2004 . The Psychobiological Model: Towards a new theory of computer-mediate communication based on Darwinian evolution . Organizational Science , 15 ( 3 ) : 327 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozlowski , S. W. J. and Klein , K. J. 2000 . “ A multilevel approach to theory and research in organizations: Contextual, temporal, and emergent properties. In (Eds.) ” . In Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations Edited by: Klein , K. L. and Kozlowski , S. W. J.
   Google Scholar
• Lea , M. and Spears , R. 1992 . Paralanguage and social perception in computer-mediated communication . Journal of Organizational Computing , 2 : 321 – 341 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , K. and Ashton , M. C. 2004 . Psychometric properties of the HEXACO personality inventory . Multivariate Behavioural Research , 39 : 329 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LePine , J. A. 2003 . Team adaptation and postchange performance: Effects of team composition in terms of members' cognitive ability and personality . Journal of Applied Psychology , 88 : 27 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LePine , J. A. , Colquitt , J. A. and Erez , A. 2000 . Adaptability to changing task contexts: Effects of general cognitive ability, conscientiousness, and openness to experience . Personnel Psychology , 53 : 563 – 593 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littlepage , G. E. , Schmidt , G. W. , Whisler , E. W. and Frost , A. G. 1995 . An input-process-output analysis of influence and performance in problem-solving groups . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69 : 877 – 889 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruping , L. M. and Agarwal , R. 2004 . Managing team interpersonal processes through technology: A task-technology fit perspective . Journal of Applied Psychology , 89 : 975 – 990 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matarazzo , G. and Sellen , A. 2000 . The value of video in work at a distance: Addition or distraction? . Behaviour and Information Technology , 19 ( 5 ) : 339 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrae , R. R. and John , O. P. 1992 . An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications . Journal of Personality , 60 : 175 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath , J. E. 1998 . “ A view of group composition through a group-theoretic lens ” . In Research on managing groups and teams (Vol. 1): Composition , Edited by: Neale , M. A. , Mannix , E. A. and Gruenfeld , D. H. 255 – 272 . Stamford, CT : JAI Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• McGrath , J. E. , Arrow , H. , Gruenfeld , D. H. , Hollingshead , A. B. and O'Connor , K. M. 1993 . Groups, tasks, and technology: The effects of experience and change . Small Group Research , 24 ( 3 ) : 406 – 420 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammad , S. and Angell , L. C. 2003 . Personality heterogeneity in teams: Which difference makes a difference for team performance? . Small Group Research , 34 : 651 – 677 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreland , R. L. and Levine , J. M. 1992 . “ Problem identification by groups ” . In Group process and productivity , Edited by: Worshel , S. , Wood , W. and Simpson , J. A. 17 – 47 . New York : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• O'Neill , T. A. , Lewis , R. J. and Hambley , L. A. 2008 . “ Leading virtual teams: Potential problems and simple solutions ” . In The handbook of high performance virtual teams: A toolkit for collaboration , Edited by: Nemiro , J. , Beyerlein , M. , Beyerlein , S. and Bradley , L. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Potter , R. E. and Balthazard , P. A. 2002 . Understanding human interaction and performance in the virtual team . Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application , 4 : 1 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Qureshi , S. and Vogel , D. 2001 . Adaptiveness in virtual teams: Organisational Challenges and Research Directions . Group Decision and Negotiation , 10 ( 1 ) : 27 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Rabby , M. K. and Walther , J. 2003 . “ Computer-mediated communication effects on relationship formation and maintenance ” . In Maintaining relationships through communication , Edited by: Canary , D. J. and Dainton , M. 141 – 162 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Rains , S. A. 2005 . Leveling the organizational playing field—virtually: A meta-analysis of experimental research assessing the impact of group support system use on member influence behaviors . Communication Research , 32 ( 2 ) : 193 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salas , E. , Sims , D. E. and Burke , C. S. 2005 . Is there a “big five” in teamwork? . Small Group Research , 36 : 555 – 599 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salgado , J. F. 1997 . The five factor model of personality and job performance in the European community . Journal of Applied Psychology , 82 : 30 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamir , B. 1990 . Calculations, values, and entitites: The sources of collectivistic work motivation . Human Relations , 43 : 313 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Short , J. , Williams , E. and Christie , B. 1976 . The social psychology of telecommunications , London : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Spreitzer , G. M. 2003 . “ Leadership development in the virtual workplace ” . In The future of leadership development , Edited by: Murphy , S. E. and Riggio , R. E. 71 – 86 . Mahwah, NJ : Laurence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Staples , S. and Webster , J. . A review and classification of research on virtual teams and an identification of research opportunities . Paper presented at the Annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology . Orlando, FL. April ,
   Google Scholar
• Steiner , I. D. 1972 . Group process and productivity , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stokes , J. P. 1983 . Components of group cohesion: Intermember attraction, instrumental value, and risk taking . Small Group Behavior , 14 : 163 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straus , S. G. 1996 . Getting a clue: The effects of communication media and information distribution on participation and performance in computer-mediated and face-to-face groups . Small Group Research , 27 : 115 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straus , S. G. and McGrath , J. E. 1994 . Does the medium matter? The interaction of task type and technology on group performance and member reactions . Journal of Applied Psychology , 79 : 87 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taggar , S. 2000 . Personality, cognitive ability, and behaviour: The antecedents of effective autonomous work teams . Dissertation Abstracts International , 60 (9–A).
   Google Scholar
• Tidwell , L. C. and Walther , J. B. 2002 . Computer-mediated communication effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one another a bit at a time . Human Communication Research , 28 ( 3 ) : 317 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topi , H. , Valacich , J. S. and Rao , M. T. 2002 . The effects of personality and media differences on the performance of dyads addressing a cognitive conflict task . Small Group Research , 33 : 667 – 701 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend , A. M. , Demarie , S. M. and Hendrickson , A. R. 2001 . Desktop video conferencing in virtual workgroups: Anticipation, system evaluation, and performance . Information Systems Journal , 11 : 213 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tziner , A. and Eden , D. 1985 . Effects of crew composition on crew performance: Does the whole equal the sum of its parts? . Journal of Applied Psychology , 70 : 85 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Utz, S. (2000). Social information processing in MUDs: The development of friendships in virtual worlds. Journal of Online Behavior, 1(1). Retrieved October 1, 2007, from the World Wide Web http://www.behavior.net/JOB/v1n1/utz.html
   Google Scholar
• van Viennen , A. E. M. and De Dreu , C. K. W. 2001 . Personality in teams: Its relationship to social cohesion, task cohesion, and team performance . European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology , 10 : 97 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Wagner , J. A. 1995 . Studies of individualism-collectivism: Effects on cooperation in groups . Academy of Management Journal , 38 : 152 – 172 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldman , D. A. , Atwater , L. E. and Davidson , R. A. 2004 . The role of individualism and the five-factor model in the prediction of performance in a leaderless group discussion . Journal of Personality , 72 : 1 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther , J. B. 1992 . Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: A relational perspective . Communication Research , 19 : 52 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther , J. B. 2002 . “ Time effects in computer-mediated groups: Past, present, and future ” . In Distributed work , Edited by: Hinds , P. and Kiesler , S. 235 – 258 . Cambridge, MA : MIT .
   Google Scholar
• Walther , J. B. and Bunz , U. 2005 . The rules of virtual groups: Trust, liking, and performance in computer-mediated communication . Journal of Communication , 82 : 8 – 846 .
   Google Scholar
• Walther , J. B. and Burgoon , J. K. 1992 . Relational communication in computer-mediated interaction . Human Communication Research , 19 : 50 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther , J. B. and D'Addari , o . 2001 . The impacts of emoticons on message interpretation in computer-mediated communication. I . Social Science Computer Review , 19 ( 3 ) : 324 – 347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther , J. B. , Loh , T. and Granka , L. 2005 . Let me count the ways: The interchange of verbal and nonverbal cues in computer-mediated and face-to-face affinity . Journal of Language and Social Psychology , 24 ( 1 ) : 36 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warkentin , M. , Sayeed , L. and Hightower , R. 1997 . Virtual teams versus face-to-face teams: An exploratory study of a web-based conference system . Decision Sciences , 28 : 975 – 996 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , M. J. , Straus , S. G. and McEvily , B. 2006 . All in due time: The development of trust in computer-mediated and face-to-face teams . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 99 : 16 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witt , L. A. , Burke , L. A. , Barrick , M. R. and Mount , M. K. 2002 . The interactive effects of conscientiousness and agreeableness on job performance . Journal of Applied Psychology , 87 : 164 – 169 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeatts , D. E. and Hyten , C. 1998 . High-performing self-managed work teams: A comparison of theory to practice , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar