1,182
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The evolved developmental niche in childhood: Relation to adult psychopathology and morality

, &

References

  • Allen, J. G., & Fonagy, P. (2002). The development of mentalizing and its role in psychopathology and psychotherapy (Technical Report 02–0048). Topeka, KS: The Menninger Clinic.
  • Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., … Giles, W. H. (2006). The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. European Archives of Psychiatry Clinical Neuroscience, 256(3), 174–186. doi:10.1007/s00406–005-0624–4
  • Arnsten, A. F. T. (2009). Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 410–422. doi:10.1038/nrn2648
  • Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226–244. doi:10.1037//0022–3514.61.2.226
  • Batson, C. D. (2011). Altruism in humans. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol 1. Attachment. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Carter, C. S. (2003). Developmental consequences of oxytocin. Physiology & Behavior, 79, 383–397.
  • Cattell, R. B. (1966). Psychological theory and scientific method. In R. B. Cattell (Ed.), Handbook of multivariate experimental psychology (pp. 1–18). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
  • Centers for Disease Control, & Prevention. (2014). Breastfeeding report card—USA 2014. Atlanta, GA: Author. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/reportcard.htm
  • Chapman, D. P., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Edwards, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2004). Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. Journal of Affect Disorders, 82(2), 217–225. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2003.12.013
  • Chiron, J. I., Nabbout, R., Lounes, R., Syrota, A., & Dulac, O. (1997). The right brain hemisphere is dominant in human infants. Brain, 120, 1057–1065.
  • Ciechanowski, P., Katon, W. J., Russo, J. E., & Dwight-Johnson, M. M. (2002). Association of attachment style to lifetime medically unexplained symptoms in patients with hepatitis C. Psychosomatics, 43, 206–212. doi:10.1176/appi.psy.43.3.206
  • Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & O’Donnell Teti, L. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2–3), 73–102. doi:10.1111/j.1540–5834.1994.tb01278.x
  • Crittenden, P. M. (1992). Quality of attachment in the preschool years. Developmental Psychopathology, 4, 209–241. doi:10.1017/s0954579400000110
  • Cromer, K. R., & Sachs-Ericsson, N. (2006). The association between childhood abuse, PTSD, and the occurrence of adult health problems: Moderation via current life stress. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(6), 967–971. doi:10.1002/jts.20168
  • Davis, E. P., & Sandman, C. A. (2010). The timing of prenatal exposure to maternal cortisol and psychsocial stress is associated with human infant cognitive development. Child Development, 81(1), 131–148. doi:10.1111/j.1467–8624.2009.01385.x
  • Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113–126. doi:10.1037//0022–3514.44.1.113
  • Depue, R. A., & Morrone-Strupinsky, J. V. (2005). A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding: Implications for conceptualizing a human trait of affiliation. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 28, 313–350. doi:10.1017/s0140525 × 05000063
  • Dong, M., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Williamson, D. F., Thompson, T. J., … Giles, W. H. (2004). The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse and Neglect, 28, 771–784. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.008
  • Dube, S. R., Fairweather, D., Pearson, W. S., Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., & Croft, J. B. (2009). Cumulative childhood stress and autoimmune diseases in adults. Psychosomatic Medicine, 71 (2), 243–250. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181907888
  • Emde, R. N., Biringen, Z., Clyman, R., & Oppenheim, D. (1991). The moral self of infancy: Affective core and procedural knowledge. Developmental Review, 11, 251–270.
  • Feldman, R. (2007). Parent–infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing: Physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(3/4), 329–354. doi:10.1016/0273–2297(91)90013-e
  • Feldman, R., Gordon, I., Schneiderman, I., Weisman, O., & Zagoory-Sharon, O. (2010). Natural variations in maternal and paternal care are associated with systematic changes in oxytocin following parent–infant contact. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35, 1135–1141. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.01.013
  • Feldman, R., Gordon, I., & Zagoory-Sharon, O. (2010). The cross-generation transmission of oxytocin in humans. Hormones and Behavior, 58(4), 669–676. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.005
  • Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2005). The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Kaiser Permanente.
  • Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., … Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of deaths in adults: The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 24, 245–258. doi:10.1016/s0749–3797(98)00017–8
  • Ferber, R. (2006). Solve your child’s sleep problems. New York, NY: Touchstone.
  • Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E., & Target, M. (2004). Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self. New York, NY: Other Press.
  • Fonagy, P., Steele, H., Moran, G., Steele, M., & Higgitt, A. (1991). The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 13, 200–217. doi:10.1002/1097–0355(199123)12:3 < 201::aid-imhj2280120307 > 3.0.co;2–7
  • Garmezy, N. (1983). Stressors of childhood. In N. Garmezy & M. Rutter (Eds.), Stress, coping, and development in children (pp. 43–84). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Gershoff, E. T., Lansford, J. E., Sexton, H. R., Davis-Kean, P. E., & Sameroff, A. J. (2012). Longitudinal links between spanking and children’s externalizing behaviors in a national sample of White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian American families. Child Development, 83, 838–843. doi:10.1111/j.1467–8624.2011.01732.x
  • Goeleven, E., De Raedt, R., Baert, S., & Koster, E. H. (2006). Deficient inhibition of emotional information in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 93(1–3), 149–157.
  • Gottlieb, G. (1997). Synthesizing nature and nurture: Prenatal roots of instinctive behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Gottlieb, G. (2002). On the epigenetic evolution of species-specific perception: The developmental manifold concept. Cognitive Development, 17, 1287–1300.
  • Green, J. G., McLaughlin, K. A., Berglund, P. A., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., and Kessler, R. C. (2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication 1: Associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 113–123. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186
  • Greenberg, G., & Partridge, T. (2010). Biology, evolution and psychological development. In W. F. Overton (Ed.), Cognition, biology, and methods across the lifespan (Handbook of lifespan development (Vol. 1, pp. 115–148). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Greenspan, S. I., & Shanker, S. I. (2004). The first idea. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.
  • Hayes, A. F., & Scharkow, M. (2013). The relative trustworthiness of inferential tests of the indirect effect in statistical mediation analysis: Does method really matter? Psychological Science, 24, 1918–1927. doi:10.1177/0956797613480187
  • Hewlett, B. S., & Lamb, M. E. (2005). Hunter-gatherer childhoods: Evolutionary, developmental and cultural perspectives. New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine.
  • Hillis, S. D., Anda, R. F., Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Marchbanks, P. A., Macaluso, M., & Marks, J. S. (2010). The protective effect of family strengths in childhood against adolescent pregnancy and its long-term psychosocial consequences. Permanente Journal, 14(3), 18–27. doi:10.7812/tpp/10–028
  • Hofer, M. A. (1995). Hidden regulators: Implications for a new understanding of attachment, separation and loss. In S. Goldberg, R. Muir, & J. Kerr (Eds.), Attachment theory: Social developmental, and clinical perspectives (pp. 203–230). Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
  • Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Jablonka, E., & Lamb, M. J. (2005). Evolution in four dimensions: Genetic, epigenetic, behavioral, and symbolic variation in the history of life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Kauffman, S. A. (1993). The origins of order: Self-organization and selection in evolution. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Klohnen, E. C., & John, O. P. (1998). Working models of attachment: A theory-based prototype approach. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 115–140). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Kochanska, G. (2002). Mutually responsive orientation between mothers and their young children: A context for the early development of conscience. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 191–195. doi:10.1111/1467–8721.00198
  • Konner, M. (2005). Hunter-gatherer infancy and childhood: The !Kung and others. In B. Hewlett & M. Lamb (Eds.), Hunter-gatherer childhoods: Evolutionary, developmental and cultural perspectives (pp. 19–64). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
  • Konner, M. (2010). The evolution of childhood. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
  • Konrath, S. H., Chopik, W. J., Hsing, C. K., & O’Brien, E. (2014). Changes in adult attachment styles in American college students over time: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18, 326–348. doi:10.1177/1088868314530516
  • Konrath, S. H., O’Brien, E. H., & Hsing, C. (2011). Changes in dispositional empathy over time in college students: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15, 180–198. doi:10.1177/1088868310377395
  • Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 434–445. doi:10.1038/nrn2639
  • MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis. New York, NY: Erlbaum.
  • MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S. (2007). Mediation analysis. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 593–614. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542
  • MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.83
  • Main, M. (1981). Avoidance in the service of attachment: A working paper. In K. Immelman, G. Barlow, M. Main, & L. Petrinovitch (Eds.), Behavioral development: The Bielefeld interdisciplinary project (pp. 651–93). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Main, M. (1995). Recent studies in attachment: Overview, with selected implications for clinical work. In S. Goldberg, R. Muir, & J. Kerr (Eds.), Attachment theory: Social, developmental and clinical perspectives (pp. 407–474). Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
  • Mandal, M. K., & Bhattacharya, B. B. (1985). Recognition of facial affect in depression. Perception and Motor Skills, 61(1), 13–14. doi:10.2466/pms.1985.61.1.13
  • Maunder, R. G., & Hunter, J. J. (2001). Attachment and psychosomatic medicine: Developmental contributions to stress and disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63, 556–567. doi:10.1097/00006842–200107000-00006
  • Maunder, R. G., & Hunter, J. J. (2008). Attachment relationships as determinants of physical health. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry, 36, 11–32. doi:10.1521/jaap.2008.36.1.11
  • Maunder, R. G., Lancee, W. J., Balderson, K. E., Bennett, J. P., Borgundvaag, B., Evans, S., … Wasylenki, D. (2006). Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 32, 1924–1932. doi:10.3201/eid1212.060584
  • Maunder, R. G., Panzer, A., Viljoen, M., Owen, J., Human, S., & Hunter, J. J. (2006). Physicians’ difficulty with emergency department patients is related to patients’ attachment style. Social Science & Medicine, 63, 552–562. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.01.001
  • McEwen, B. S., & Seeman, T. (1999). Protective and damaging effects of mediators of stress. Elaborating and testing the concepts of allostasis and allostatic load. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 30–47. doi:10.1111/j.1749–6632.1999.tb08103.x
  • McKenna, J. J., & Mosko, S. (1994). Sleep and arousal, synchrony and independence among mothers and infants sleeping apart and together (same bed): An experiment in evolutionary medicine. Acta Pediatric, International Journal of Pediatrics, 83(Supplement 397), 94–102. doi:10.1111/j.1651–2227.1994.tb13271.x
  • McKenna, J., Mosko, S., & Richard, C., Drummond, S., Hunt, L., Cetel, M. B., & Arpaia, J. (1994). Experimental studies of infant-parent co-sleeping: Mutual physiological and behavioral influences and their relevance to SIDS. Early Human Development, 38, 182–201. doi:10.1016/0378–3782(94)90211–9
  • Meaney, M. J. (2010). Epigenetics and the biological definition of gene × environment interactions. Child Development, 81(1), 41–79. doi:10.1111/j.1467–8624.2009.01381.x
  • Mindell, J. A., Kuhn, B., Lewin, D. S., Meltzer, L. J., & Sadeh, A. (2006). Behavioral treatment of bedtime problems and night wakings in young children: AASM standards of practice. SLEEP, 26, 1263–1276.
  • Narvaez, D. (2008). Triune ethics: The neurobiological roots of our multiple moralities. New Ideas in Psychology, 26, 95–119. doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2007.07.008
  • Narvaez, D. (2013). Neurobiology and moral mindsets. In K. Heinrichs, F. Oser, & T. Lovat (Eds.), Handbook of moral motivation: Theories, models, applications (pp. 289–307). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
  • Narvaez, D. (2014). Neurobiology and the development of human morality: Evolution, culture and wisdom. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
  • Narvaez, D. (in press-a). Embodied morality: Protectionism, engagement and imagination. New York, NY: Palgrave-Macmillan.
  • Narvaez, D. (in press-b). Ethogenesis: Evolution, early experience and moral becoming. In J. Graham & K. Gray (Eds.), The atlas of moral psychology. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Narvaez, D., & Gleason, T. (2013). Developmental optimization. In D. Narvaez, J. Panksepp, A. Schore, & T. Gleason (Eds.), Evolution, early experience and human development: From research to practice and policy (pp. 307–325). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Narvaez, D., Gleason, T., Wang, L., Brooks, J., Lefever, J., Cheng, A., & Centers for the Prevention of Child Neglect (2013). The evolved development niche: Longitudinal effects of caregiving practices on early childhood psychosocial development. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 28(4), 759–773. doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2013.07.003
  • Narvaez, D., Panksepp, J., Schore, A., & Gleason, T. (Eds.) (2013a). Evolution, early experience and human development: From research to practice and policy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Narvaez, D., Panksepp, J., Schore, A., & Gleason, T. (2013b). The future of human nature: Implications for research, policy, and ethics. In D. Narvaez, J. Panksepp, A. Schore, & T. Gleason (Eds.), Evolution, early experience and human development: From research to practice and policy (pp. 455–468). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Narvaez, D., Panksepp, J., Schore, A., & Gleason, T. (2013c). The value of using an evolutionary framework for gauging children’s well-being. In D. Narvaez, J., Panksepp, A. Schore, & T. Gleason (Eds.), Evolution, early experience and human development: From research to practice and policy (pp. 3–30). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Narvaez, D., Valentino, K., Fuentes, A., McKenna, J., & Gray, P. (2014). Ancestral landscapes in human evolution: Culture, childrearing and social wellbeing. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Narvaez, D., Wang, L., Gleason, T., Cheng, A., Lefever, J., & Deng, L. (2013). The evolved developmental niche and sociomoral outcomes in Chinese three-year-olds. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10(2), 106–127.
  • National Research Council. (2013). U.S. health in international perspective: Shorter lives, poorer health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
  • Oddy, W. H., Kendall, G. E., Li, J., Jacoby, P., Robinson, M., de Klerk, N. H., Silburn, S. R., … Stanley, F. J. (2010). The long-term effects of breastfeeding on child and adolescent mental health: A pregnancy cohort study followed for 14 years. The Journal of Pediatrics, 156(4), 568–574. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.10.020
  • Odling-Smee, J., Laland, K., & Feldman, M. (2003). Niche construction. The neglected process in evolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Offit, P. A. (2015). Bad faith: When religious belief undermines modern medicine. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Overton, W. F. (2013). A new paradigm for developmental science: Relationism and relational-developmental-systems. Applied Developmental Science, 17(2), 94–107.
  • Overton, W. F. (2015). Process and relational-developmental-systems. In W. F. Overton & P. C. M. Molenaar (Eds.), Theory and method. Volume 1 of the Handbook of child psychology and developmental science, R. M. Lerner, editor-in-chief (7th ed., pp. 9–62). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Overton, W. F., & Molenaar, P. C. (2015). Concepts, theory, and method in developmental science: A view of the issues. In W. F. Overton & P. C. M. Molenaar (Eds.), Theory and Method. Volume 1 of the Handbook of child psychology and developmental science (7th ed., pp. 2–8). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Pellegrini, R. J., Hicks, R. A., Roundtree, T., & Inman, G. M. (2000). Stamina in adults: Is attachment style a factor? Psychological Reports, 87, 643–648. doi:10.2466/pr0.2000.87.2.643
  • Porges, S. W. (2001). The polyvagal theory: Phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 42, 123–146.
  • Porges, S. W. (2011). The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, self-regulation. New York, NY: Norton. doi:10.1016/s0167–8760(01)00162–3
  • Ramos, K. D., & Youngclarke, D. M. (2006). Parenting advice books about child sleep: Cosleeping and crying it out. SLEEP, 29, 1616–1623.
  • Sapolsky, R. (2004). Why zebras don’t get ulcers, 3rd ed. New York, NY: Holt.
  • Schore, A. N. (1994). Affect regulation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Schore, A. N. (2001). Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22, 7–66. doi:10.1002/1097–0355(200101/04)22:1 < 7::aid-imhj2 > 3.0.co;2-n
  • Schore, A. N. (2003a). Affect dysregulation & disorders of the self. New York, NY: Norton.
  • Schore, A. (2003b). Affect regulation and the repair of the self. New York, NY: Norton.
  • Seeman, T. E., Singer, B. H., Rowe, J. W., Horwitz, R. I., & McEwan, B. S. (1997). Price of adaptation-allostatic load and its health consequences: Macarthur studies of successful aging. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157, 2259–2268. doi:10.1001/archinte.157.19.2259
  • Shonkoff, J. P., Garner, A. S. The Committee on Psychosocial Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care, and Section on Developmental, and Behavioral Pediatrics, Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., McGuinn, L., … Wood, D. L. (2012). The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics, 129, e232.
  • Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E. A., & Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the person: The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood. New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Substance Abuse, & Mental Health Services Administration. (2012). Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental health findings (NSDUH Series H-45, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 12–4725). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
  • Takeuchi, M. S., Miyaoka, H., Tomoda, A., Suzuki, M., Liu, Q., & Kitamura, T. (2009). The effect of interpersonal touch during childhood on adult Attachment and depression: A neglected area of family and developmental psychology? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 109–117. doi:10.1007/s10826–009-9290-x
  • Taylor, S. E, Repetti, R. L, & Seeman, R. (1997). Health psychology: What is an unhealthy environment and how does it get under the skin? Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 411–447. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.411
  • Trevarthen, C. (2001). The neurobiology of early communication: Intersubjective regulations in human brain development. In A. F. Kalverboer & A. Gramsbergen (Eds.), Handbook on brain and behavior in human development (pp. 841–882). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Trevathan, W. R. (2011). Human birth: An evolutionary perspective (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
  • Umberson, D., & Montez, J. K. (2010). Social relationships and health: A flashpoint for health policy. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(Suppl. 1), S54–S66. doi:10.1177/0022146510383501
  • Van der Mark, I. L., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2002). Development of empathy in girls during the second year of life: Associations with parenting, attachment, and temperament. Social Development, 11(4), 451–468. doi:10.1111/1467–9507.00210
  • Waters, E., Merrick, S., Treboux, D., Crowell, J., & Albersheim, L. (2000). Attachment security in infancy and early adulthood: A twenty-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 71, 684–689. doi:10.1111/1467–8624.00176
  • Watson, D., O’Hara, M. W., Simms, L. J., Kotov, R., Chmielewski, M., McDade-Montez, … Stuart, S. (2007). Inventory of depression and anxiety symptoms [Database record]. Retrieved from PsycTESTS. doi:10.1037/t00312–000
  • Weinfield, N. S., Sroufe, L. A., & Egeland, B. (2000). Attachment from infancy to early adulthood in a high-risk sample: Continuity, discontinuity, and their correlates. Child Development, 71, 695–702. doi:10.1111/1467–8624.00178

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.