4,320
Views
84
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
SPOTLIGHT SERIES: ANIMAL ASSISTED INTERVENTIONS IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS

Theories and possible processes of action in animal assisted interventions

References

  • Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1963). The development of infant–mother interaction among the Ganda. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behavior (pp. 67–104). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1991). Attachment and other affectional bonds across the life cycle. In C. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle (pp. 33–51). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Bales, K. L., Kramer, K. M., Lewis-Reese, A. D., & Carter, C. S. (2006). Effects of stress on parental care are sexually dimorphic in prairie voles. Physiology & Behavior, 87, 424–429. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.11.002
  • Barker, S. B., Pandurangi, A. K., & Best, A. M. (2003). Effects of animal-assisted therapy on patients’ anxiety, fear, and depression before ECT. The Journal of ECT, 19(1), 38–44. doi:10.1097/00124509-200303000-00008
  • Beetz, A. (2012). Leseförderung mit Hund – Eine Pilot-Studie [Reading training with dogs - a pilot study]. Heilpädagogik [Special Education], 56(1), 17–25.
  • Beetz, A., & Bales, K. L. (2016). Affiliation in human-animal interaction. In L. S. Freund, S. McCune, L. Esposito, N. R. Gee, & P. McCardle (Eds.), Social neuroscience and human-animal interaction (pp. 107–126). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Beetz, A., Kotrschal, K., Hediger, K., Turner, D., Uvnäs-Moberg, K., & Julius, H. (2011). The effect of a real dog, toy dog and friendly person on insecurely attached children during a stressful task: An exploratory study. Anthrozoös, 24(4), 349–368. doi:10.2752/175303711x13159027359746
  • Beetz, A., & McCardle, P. (2017). Does reading to dogs affect specific aspects of reading skills? In N. R. Gee, A. Fine, & P. McCardle (Eds.), How animals help students learn: Research and practice for educators and mental health professionals. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor Francis. pp. 111–123.
  • Beetz, A., & Saumweber, K. (2013). Argumente für die Integration von Hunden in sonderpädagogische Förderprogramme am Beispiel eines hundegestützten Konzentrationstrainings. Zeitschrift für Heilpädagogik, 64(2), 56–62.
  • Beetz, A., Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Julius, H., & Kotrschal, K. (2012). Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: The possible role of oxytocin. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 234. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00234
  • Blakemore, S.-J., & Frith, U. (2005). The learning brain: Lessons for education. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1: Attachment. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Bretherton, I., & Munholland, K. A. (2008). Internal working models in attachment relationships: Elaborating a central construct in attachment theory. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 134–152). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Caporael, L. R., & Heyes, C. (1997). Why anthropomorphize? Folk psychology and other stories. In R. W. Mitchel, N. S. Thompson, & H. L. Miles (Eds), Anthropomorphism, anecdotes, and animals (pp. 59–73). Albany, NY: University of New York Press.
  • Carter, C. S., & Porges, S. W. (2016). Neural mechanisms underlying human-animal interaction: An evolutionary perspective. In L. S. Freund, S. McCune, L. Esposito, N. R. Gee, & P. McCardle (Eds.), Social neuroscience and human-animal interaction (pp. 89–106). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • DeLoache, J. S., Pickard, M. B., & LoBue, V. (2011). How very young children think about animals. In P. McCardle, S. McCune, J. A. Griffin, & V. Maholmes (Eds.), How animals affect us: Examining the influence of human-animal interaction on child development and human health (pp. 85–99). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Demakis, G. J., & McAdams, D. P. (1994). Personality, social support and well-being among first year college students. College Student Journal, 28(2), 235–243.
  • di Pellegrino, G., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., & Rizzolatti, G. (1992). Understanding motor events: A neurophysiological study. Experimental Brain Research, 9(1), 176–180. doi:10.1007/bf00230027
  • Diamond, A., & Lee, K. (2011). Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old. Science, 333, 959–964. doi:10.1126/science.1204529
  • Ditzen, B., Neumann, I. D., Bodenmann, G., von Dawans, B., Turner, R. A., Ehlert, U., & Heinrichs, M. (2007). Effects of different kinds of couple interaction on cortisol and heart rate responses to stress in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 32, 565–574. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.03.011
  • Dunbar, R. I. (2010). The social role of touch in humans and primates: Behavioural function and neurobiological mechanisms. Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews, 34, 260–268. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.07.001
  • Eddy, J., Hart, L., & Boltz, R. P. (1988). The effects of service dogs on social acknowledgements of people in wheelchairs. Journal of Psychology, 122(1), 39–45. doi:10.1080/00223980.1988.10542941
  • Epley, N., Waytz, A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007). On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism. Psychological Review, 11(4), 864–886. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.114.4.864
  • Epstein, S. (1994). Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious. American Psychologist, 49, 709–724. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.49.8.709
  • Feldman, R., Gordon, I., & Zagoory-Sharon, O. (2011). Maternal and paternal plasma, salivary, and urinary oxytocin and parent-infant synchrony: Considering stress and affiliation components of human bonding. Developmental Science, 14, 752–761. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01021.x
  • Gee, N. R., Church, M. T., & Altobelli, C. L. (2010). Preschoolers make fewer errors on an object categorization task in the presence of a dog. Anthrozoös, 23(3), 223–230. doi:10.2752/175303710x12750451258896
  • George, C., & Solomon, J. (2008). The caregiving system. A behavioral systems approach to parenting. In J. Cassidy, & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 833–856). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Goldman, A. I. (2006). Stimulating minds: The philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience of mindreading. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Grossmann, K., Grossmann, K., Huber, F., & Wartner, U. (1981). German children’s behavior towards their mothers at 12 months and their fathers at 18 months in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 4, 157–181. doi:10.1177/016502548100400202
  • Gueguen, N., & Cicotti, S. (2008). Domestic dogs as facilitators in social interaction: An evaluation of helping and courtship behaviors. Anthrozoös, 21(4), 339–349. doi:10.2752/175303708x371564
  • Guthrie, S. E. (1997). Anthropomorphism: A definition and a theory. In R. W. Mitchel, N. S. Thompson, & H. L. Miles (Eds), Anthropomorphism, anecdotes, and animals (pp. 50–58). Albany, NY: University of New York Press.
  • Handlin, L., Hydbring-Sandberg, E., Nilsson, A., Ejdebäck, M., & Unväs-Moberg, K. (2011). Associations between the psychological characteristics of the human-dog relationship and oxytocin and cortisol levels. Anthrozoös, 25, 215–228.
  • Hart, L. A., Hart, B., & Bergin, B. (1987). Socializing effects of service dogs for people with disabilities. Anthrozoös, 1(1), 41–44. doi:10.2752/089279388787058696
  • Hazan, C., & Zeifman, D. (1999). Pair bonds as attachments: Evaluating the evidence. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical application (pp. 436–455). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Headey, B., Na, F., & Zheng, R. (2008). Pet dogs benefit owners’ health: A “natural experiment” in China. Social Indicators Research, 84, 481–493. doi:10.1007/s11205-007-9142-2
  • Heinrichs, M., Baumgartner, T., Kirschbaum, C., & Ehlert, U. (2003). Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 1389–1398. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00465-7
  • Herzog, H. (2011). The impact of pets on human health and psychological well-being: Fact, fiction, or hypothesis? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 236–239. doi:10.1177/0963721411415220
  • Heyer, M., & Beetz, A. (2014). Grundlagen und Effekte einer hundegestützten Leseförderung [Theoretic basis and effects of a dog-assisted reading training]. Empirische Sonderpädagogik [Empirical Special Education], 2, 172–188.
  • Howes, C., & Hamilton, C. (1992). Children’s relationships with child care teachers: Stability and concordance with parental attachments. Child Development, 63, 867–878. doi:10.2307/1131239
  • Insel, T. R. (2010). The Challenge of translation in social neuroscience: A review of oxytocin, vasopressin, and affiliative behavior. Neuron, 65(6), 768–779. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.005
  • Jegatheesan, B., Beetz, A., Ormerod, E., Johnson, R., Fine, A. H., Yamazaki, K., … Choi, G. (2015). The IAHAIO definitions for animal assisted intervention and guidelines for wellness of animals involved. In A. H. Fine (Ed.), Handbook on animal-assisted therapy (pp. 415–418). New York,NY: Academic Press.
  • Julius, H. (2001). Die Bindungsorganisation von Kindern, die an Erziehungshilfeschulen unterrichtet werden [Attachment organization in children educated at educational support schools]. Sonderpädagogik, 31, 74–93.
  • Julius, H., Beetz, A., Kotrschal, K., Turner, D., & Uvnäs-Moberg, K. (2013). Attachment to pets – An integrative view of human-animal relationships with implications for therapeutic practice. New York, NY: Hogrefe.
  • Kenkel, W. M., Paredes, J., Yee, J. R., Pournjafi-Nazarloo, H., Bales, K. L., & Carter, C. S. (2012). Neuroendocrine and behavioural responses to an infant in male prairie voles. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 24, 874–886. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02301.x
  • Kleiber, C., & Adamek, M. S. (2012). Adolescents’ perceptions of music therapy following spinal fusion surgery. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(3–4), 414–422. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04248.x
  • Kurdek, L. (2008). Pet dogs as attachment figures. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25, 247–266. doi:10.1177/0265407507087958
  • Kurdek, L. (2009). Pet dogs as attachment figures for adult owners. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 439–446. doi:10.1037/a0014979
  • Lang, U. E., Jansen, J. B., Wertenauer, F., Gallinat, J., & Rapp, M. A. (2010). Reduced anxiety during dog assisted interviews in acute schizophrenic patients. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2(3), 123–127. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2010.07.002
  • LeDoux, J. E. (1996). The emotional brain. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
  • Lee, J., Lee, J., Lim, H., Son, J.-S., Lee, J.-R., Kim, D.-C., & Ko, S. (2012). Cartoon distraction alleviates anxiety in children during induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 115, 1168–1173. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31824fb469
  • Logan, S., Medford, E., & Hughes, N. (2011). The importance of intrinsic motivation for high and low ability readers’ reading comprehension performance. Learning and Individual Differences, 21(1), 124–128. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2010.09.011
  • Marino, L. (2012). Construct validity of animal-assisted therapy and activities: How important is the animal in AAT? Anthrozoös, 25(1), 139–151. doi:10.2752/175303712x13353430377219
  • Marvin, R. S., & Britner, P. A. (2008). Normative development: The ontogeny of attachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 269–294). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Maunder, R. G., & Hunter, J. J. (2001). Attachment and psychosomatic medicine: Developmental contributions to stress and disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63, 556–567. doi:10.1097/00006842-200107000-00006
  • McClelland, D. C. (1985). How motives, skills, and values determine what people do. American Psychologist, 40, 812–825. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.40.7.812
  • McClelland, D. C., Koestner, R., & Weinberger, J. (1989). How do self-attributed and implicit motives differ? Psychological Review, 96, 690–702. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.96.4.690.
  • McConnell, A. R., Brown, C. M., Shoda, T. M., Stayton, L. E., & Martin, C. E. (2011). Friends with benefits: On the positive consequences of pet ownership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 1239–1252. doi:10.1037/a0024506 [Advance online publication].
  • McCune, S., Esposito, L., & Griffin, J. (2017). Introduction to a thematic series on animal-assisted interventions in special populations. Applied Developmental Sciences. doi:10.1080/10888691.2016.1252263
  • McNicholas, J., & Collis, G. (2006). Animals as social supporters. Insights for understanding animal-assisted therapy. In A. Fine (Ed.), A handbook on animal-assisted therapy (pp. 49–71). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
  • Meints, K., Racca, A., & Hickey, N. (2010). How to prevent dog bite injuries? Children misinterpret dogs’ facial expression. Injury Prevention, 16, A68.
  • Melekoglu, M. L., & Wilkerson, K. L. (2013). Motivation to read: How does it change for struggling readers with and without disabilities? International Journal of Instruction, 6(1), 77–88.
  • Mithen, S. (1996). The prehistory of the mind. A search for the origins of art, religion and science. London, UK: Thames and Hudson.
  • Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100. doi:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
  • Motooka, M., Koike, H., Yokoyama, T., & Kennedy, N. L. (2006). Effect of dog-walking on autonomic nervous activity in senior citizens. Medical Journal of Australia, 184(2), 60–63.
  • Nagasawa, M., Kikusui, T., Onaka, T., & Ohta, M. (2009). Dog’s gaze at its owner increases owner’s urinary oxytocin during social interaction. Hormones and Behavior, 55(3), 434–441. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.12.002
  • Nilsson, S., Enskar, K., Hallqvist, C., & Kokinsky, E. (2012). Active and passive distraction in children undergoing wound dressing. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 28(2), 156–166. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2012.06.003
  • Odendaal, J. S. (2000). Animal-assisted therapy – Magic or medicine? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 49(4), 275–280. doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00183-5
  • Odendaal, J. S., & Meintjes, R. A. (2003). Neurophysiological correlates of affiliative behavior between humans and dogs. Veterinary Journal, 165, 296–301. doi:10.1016/s1090-0233(02)00237-x
  • Patel, A., Scheible, T., Davidson, M., Tran, M. C., Schoenberg, C., Delphin, E., & Bennett, H. (2006). Distraction with a hand-held video game reduces pediatric preoperative anxiety. Paediatric Anaesthesia, 16, 1019–1027. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2006.01914.x
  • Range, F., Horn, L., Viranyi, Z., & Huber, L. (2009). The absence of reward induces inequity aversion in dogs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(1), 340–345. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810957105
  • Rost, D. H., & Hartmann, A. (1994). Children and their pets. Anthrozoös, 7, 242–254.
  • Schneider, M. S., & Harley, L. P. (2006). How dogs influence the evaluation of psychotherapists. Anthrozoös, 19(2), 128–142. doi:10.2752/089279306785593784
  • Schultheiss, O. C. (2001). An information processing account of implicit motive arousal. In M. L. Maehr & P. Pintrich (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement (Vol. 12, pp. 1–4). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
  • Schultheiss, O. C., & Brunstein, J. C. (2010). Introduction. In O. C. Schultheiss & J. C. Brunstein (Eds.), Implicit motives (pp. ix–xxvii). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Schultheiss, O. C., Jones, N. M., Davis, A. Q., & Kley, C. (2008). The role of implicit motivation in hot and cold goal pursuit: Effects on goal progress, goal rumination, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 971–987. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.12.009
  • Schultheiss, O. C., Strasser, A., Rösch, A. G., Kordik, A., & Graham, S. C. C. (2012). Motivation. In V. S. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (2nd ed., pp. 650–656). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
  • Serpell, J. A. (1986). In the company of animals. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Solomon, J., & George, C. (1999). Attachment disorganization. New York: Guilford.
  • Souter, M. A., & Miller, M. D. (2007). Do animal-assisted activities effectively treat depression? A meta-analysis. Anthrozoös, 20(2), 167–180. doi:10.2752/175303707x207954
  • Spangler, G., & Schieche, M. (1998). Emotional and adrenocortical responses of infants to the strange situation: The differential function of emotional expression. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22, 681–706. doi:10.1080/016502598384126
  • Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E. A., & Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the person. New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Stanton, A. J., Hall, J. L., & Schultheiss, O. C. (2010). Properties of motive-specific incentives. In O. C. Schultheiss & J. C. Brunstein (Eds.), Implicit motives (pp. 245–278). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Urquiza-Haas, E., & Kotrschal, K. (2015). The mind behind anthropomorphic thinking: Attribution of mental states to other species. Animal Behaviour, 109, 167–176. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.08.011
  • Uvnäs-Moberg, K. (2003). The oxytocin factor. Tapping the hormone of calm, love, and healing. Cambridge, UK: Da Capo Press.
  • Vagnoli, L., Caprilli, S., & Messeri, A. (2010). Parental presence, clowns, or sedative premedication to treat preoperative anxiety in children: What could be the most promising option? Paediatric Anaesthiology, 20, 937–943. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03403.x
  • Van Ijzendoorn, M., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. (1996). Attachment representations in mothers, fathers, adolescents, and clinical groups: A meta-analytic search for normative data. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 8–21. doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.1.8
  • Viau, R., Arsenault-Lapierre, G., Fecteau, S., Champagne, N., Walker, C.-D., & Lupien, S. (2010). Effect of service dogs on salivary cortisol secretion in autistic children. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35(8), 1187–1193. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.02.004
  • Westbury, H. R., & Neumann, D. L. (2008). Empathy-related responses to moving film stimuli depicting human and non-human animal targets in negative circumstances. Biological Psychology, 78(1), 66–74. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.12.009
  • Wigfield, A., & Guthrie, J. T. (1997). Relations of children’s motivation for reading to the amount and breadth of their reading. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(3), 420–432. doi:10.1037//0022-0663.89.3.420
  • Wigfield, A., Guthrie, J. T., Tonks, S., & Perencevich, K. C. (2004). Children’s motivation for reading: Domain specificity and instructional influences. The Journal of Educational Research, 97(6), 299–310. doi:10.3200/joer.97.6.299-310
  • Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Wohlfarth, R., Mutschler, B., Beetz, A., Kreuser, F., & Korsten-Reck, U. (2013). Dogs motivate obese children for physical activity: Key elements of a motivational theory of animal-assisted interventions. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(796). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00796
  • Wohlfarth, R., Mutschler, B., Beetz, A., & Schleider, K. (2014). An investigation into the efficacy of therapy dogs on reading performance in 6–7 year old children. Human-Animal Interaction Bulletin, 2(2), 60–73.
  • Wood, L., Martin, K., Christian, H., Nathan, A., Lauritsen, C., Houghton, S., Kawachi, I., & McCune, S. (2015). The pet factor – Companion animals as a conduit for getting to know people, friendship formation and social support. PLoS ONE, 10(4), e0122085. doi:10.1371/journal,pone.0122085
  • Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459–482. doi:10.1002/cne.920180503

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.