“Lezibian/mulezi”: adoption of “globalized” lesbian identity and secondary self-labels among same-sex attracted women in Harare

References

• Altman, D. (1997). Global Gaze/Global Gays. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 3(4), 417–436. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-3-4-417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, H. (2002). Homophobia in Zimbabwe or the politics of intolerance: Occasional paper series (Vol. 6). Pretoria: AAPS.
   Google Scholar
• Chitando, E., & Mateveke, P. (2017). Africanizing the discourse on homosexuality: Challenges and prospect. Critical African Studies, 9(1), 124–140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/21681392.2017.1285243
   Google Scholar
• Crawley, S. L. (2001). Are butch and fem working-class and antifeminist? Gender & Society, 15(2), 175–196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/089124301015002002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currier, A., & Migraine-George, T. (2017). "Lesbian"/female same-sex sexualities in Africa. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 21(2), 133–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2016.1146031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epprecht, M. (1998). The ‘unsaying’ of Indigenous homosexualities in Zimbabwe: Mapping a blindspot in an African masculinity. Journal of Southern African Studies, 24(4), 631–651. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03057079808708594
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epprecht, M. (1999). The gay oral history project in Zimbabwe: Black empowerment, human rights, and the research process. History in Africa, 26, 25–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/3172136
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Epprecht, M. (2004). Hungochani: The history of dissident sexuality in Southern Africa. Montreal.
   Google Scholar
• Epprecht, M. (2005). Black skin, ‘cowboy’ masculinity: A genealogy of homophobia in the African nationalist movement in Zimbabwe to 1983. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 7 (3), 253–266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050410001730243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eves, A. (2004). Queer theory, butch/femme identities and Lesbian space. Sexualities, 7(4), 480–496. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460704047064
   Google Scholar
• Gunda, M. R. (2010). The Bible and homosexuality in Zimbabwe a socio-historical analysis of the political, cultural and Christian arguments in the homosexual public debate with special reference to the use of the Bible. University of Bamberg Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, S. (1996). Who needs identity? In S. Hall & P. Du Gay (Eds.), Questions of cultural identity (pp. 1–17). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hildebrandt, T., & Chua, L. J. (2017). Negotiating in/visibility: The political economy of Lesbian activism and rights advocacy. Development and Change, 48(4), 639–662. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inness, S. A., & Lloyd, M. (1995). “G.I. Joes in Barbie Land": Recontextualizing butch in twentieth-century Lesbian culture. NWSA Journal, 7(3), 1–23. www.jstor.org/stable/4316399
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, R. (2008). Social identity (3rd ed.). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kole, S. K. (2007). Globalizing queer? AIDS, homophobia and the politics of sexual identity in India. Globalization and Health, 3(8), 8–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-3-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levitt, H. M., & Hiestand, K. R. (2004). A quest for authenticity: Contemporary butch gender. Sex Roles, 50(9/10), 605–621. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SERS.0000027565.59109.80
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matebeni, Z. (2008). Vela Bambhentsele: Intimacies and complexities in researching within black Lesbian groups in Johannesburg. Feminist Africa: Researching for Life: Paradigms and Power, 11, 89–96.
   Google Scholar
• Matebeni, Z. (2011). Exploring black Lesbian sexualities and identities in Johannesburg [Thesis (PhD)]. University of the Witwatersrand.
   Google Scholar
• Mateveke, P. (2019). “If we must be freaks, let us be freaks with a voice”: Southern feminisms and LGBTI activism in Africa. Agenda, 33 (3), 78–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2019.1685896
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muparamoto, N. (2016). Enduring and subverting homophobia: Religious experiences of same-sex loving people in Zimbabwe. In E. Chitando & A. Van Klinken (Eds.), Christianity and controversies over homosexuality in contemporary Africa. Religion in modern Africa (pp. 143–156). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Muparamoto, N. (2020). LGBT individuals and the struggle against Robert Mugabe’s extirpation in Zimbabwe. Africa Review, 13(sup1), S1–S16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2020.1812042
   Google Scholar
• Muparamoto, N., & Moen, K. (2020). Gay, ngochani, ordaa, gumutete and mwana waEriza: ‘Globalised’ and ‘localised’ identity labels among same-sex attracted men in Harare, Zimbabwe. Culture, Health & Sexuality. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2020.1814967
   Google Scholar
• Muparamoto, N., & Moen, K. (2021). Taraidiwa [“We have been raided”]: Effects of and meanings ascribed to an assault on an LGBTI function in Harare, Zimbabwe. Journal of Homosexuality. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2021.1923280
   Google Scholar
• Oppong, S. H. (2013). Religion and identity. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 3(6), 10–16.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, O. (2003). Zimbabwean law and the production of a white man’s disease. In J. Weeks, J. Holland, & M. Waites (Eds.), Sexualities and societies: A reader (pp. 471–491). Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Reygan, F. (2016). Black lesbian (non)representation in ‘gay’ media in Cape Town: Constructing a globalized white, male, affluent, gay consumer. African Identities, 14(1), 85–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2015.1100105
   Google Scholar
• Sanger, N., & Lynch, I. (2018). ‘You have to bow right here’: Heteronormative scripts and intimate partner violence in women’s same-sex relationships. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 20(2), 201–217. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2017.1338755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoko, T. (2010). "Worse than dogs and pigs?" Attitudes toward homosexual practice in Zimbabwe Journal of Homosexuality, 57(5), 634–649. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00918361003712087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weeks, J. (2007). Necessary fictions: Sexual identities and the politics of diversity. In K. E. Lovaas & M. M. Jenkins (Eds.), Sexualities and communication in everyday life: A reader (pp. 41–53). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Youde, J. (2017). Patriotic history and anti-LGBT rhetoric in Zimbabwean politics. Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne Des Études Africaines, 51(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2016.1276850
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zway, M., & Boonzaier, F. (2015). “I believe that being a lesbian is not a curse”: Young black lesbian women representing their identities through photovoice. Agenda, 29(1), 96–107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2015.1013784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar