The negative effects of internalized homonegativity on sexual satisfaction: dyadic effects and gender-based differences in Chile

References

• Agrupación Lésbica Rompiendo El Silencio. (2018). Ser Lesbiana en Chile. https://www.rompiendoelsilencio.cl/lanzamiento-estudio-exploratorio-ser-lesbiana-en-chile/
   Google Scholar
• Alfarache, A. G. (2013). Identidades lésbicas y cultura feminista: Una investigación antropológica. Plaza y Valdés S. A.
   Google Scholar
• Alibudbud, R. (2022). Gender in mental health: Comparing the rate and social factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among young heterosexual and sexual minority women in the Philippines. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2022.2091731
   Google Scholar
• American Psychological Association. (2012). Guidelines for psychological practice with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. American Psychologist, 67(1), 10–42. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahamondes, J. (2016). System justification’s opposite effects on psychological well-being: Testing a moderated mediation model in a gay men and lesbian sample in Chile. Journal of Homosexuality, 63(11), 1537–1555. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1223351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balsam, K. F., & Szymanski, D. M. (2005). Relationship quality and domestic violence in women’s same-sex relationships: The role of minority stress. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29(3), 258–269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00220.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes, D. M., & Meyer, I. H. (2012). Religious affiliation, internalized homophobia, and mental health in lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(4), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01185.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrientos, J. (2011). Discriminación y victimización: marcha del orgullo LGBT en Chile. Debate Feminista, 43, 113–132. https://doi.org/10.22201/cieg.2594066xe.2011.43.848
   Google Scholar
• Barrientos, J. (2012). Homosexualidades y homofobia en América Latina: Balances y perspectivas [Homosexualities and homophobia in Latin America: Balance and perspectives]. In C. Zúñiga (Ed.), Psicología, sociedad y equidad: Aportes y desafíos (pp. 151–176). Universidad de Chile.
   Google Scholar
• Barrientos, J. (2015). Violencia homofóbica en américa latina y chile [Homophobic violence in Latin America and Chile]. Ediciones el desconcierto.
   Google Scholar
• Barrientos, J., & Bahamondes, J. (2022). Homosexuality justification and social distance: A cross-cultural approach from Latin America using world values survey data. In R. A. Chaparro & M. A. M. Prado (Eds.), Latinx queer psychology (pp. 127–139). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82250-7_8
   Google Scholar
• Barrientos, J., & Cárdenas, M. (2010). Adaptación y validación de la escala Likert de actitudes de heterosexuales hacia homosexuales (HATH) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad, (5), 30–49.
   Google Scholar
• Barrientos, J., Cárdenas, M., & Saíz, J. L. (2016). Hate crimes in Chile. In E. Dumbar, A. Blanco, & D. Crèvecoeur-MacPhai (Eds.), Hate crimes as domestic terrorism (Vol. 2). Praeger Series.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, R. C., Weatherburn, P., Ross, M. W., & Schmidt, A. J. (2015). The relationship of internalized homonegativity to sexual health and well-being among men in 38 European countries who have sex with men. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 19(3), 285–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2015.1024375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L., Huang, J., Brooks, K., Black, A., & Burkholder, G. (2003). Triple jeopardy and beyond: Multiple minority stress and resilience among Black lesbians. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 7(4), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.1300/J155v07n04_06
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Braithwaite, S., & Holt-Lunstad, J. (2017). Romantic relationships and mental health. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, V. R. (1981). Minority stress and lesbian women. Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Brooks, K. D., Bowleg, L., & Quinua, K. (2009). Minority sexual status among minorities. In S. Loue (Ed.), Sexualities and identities of minority women (pp. 41–63). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75657-8_3
   Google Scholar
• Calvillo, C., Sánchez-Fuentes, M. D. M., & Sierra, J. C. (2020). An explanatory model of sexual satisfaction in adults with a same-sex partner: An analysis based on gender differences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalheira, A. A., & Costa, P. A. (2015). The impact of relational factors on sexual satisfaction among heterosexual and homosexual men. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 30(3), 314–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2015.1041372
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casu, G. (2019). Development and initial validation of the Positive Sexuality Scale for female adults. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(7–8), 1289–1299. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casu, G., Guzmán-González, M., Espinoza-Tapia, R., Garrido-Rojas, L., Barrientos, J., & Gómez, F. (2021). Dyadic invariance of the positive sexuality scale in Chilean heterosexual couples. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1190. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dides, C., & Fernández, C. (2016). Primer Informe Salud Sexual, Salud Reproductiva y Derechos Humanos En Chile. Miles Chile.
   Google Scholar
• DiPlacido, J. (1998). Minority stress among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals: A consequence of heterosexism, homophobia, and stigmatization. In G. M. Herek (Ed.), Stigma and sexual orientation (pp. 138–159). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Espinoza, M. (2019). “Homopatriarcado”: Los alcances del machismo en el activismo LGTBI. Diario Universidad de Chile. https://radio.uchile.cl/2018/09/01/homopatriarcado-los-alcances-del-machismo-en-el-activismo-lgtbi/
   Google Scholar
• Feinstein, B. A., McConnell, E., Dyar, C., Mustanski, B., & Newcomb, M. E. (2018). Minority stress and relationship functioning among young male same-sex couples: An examination of actor-partner interdependence models. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(5), 416–426. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleishman, J. M., Crane, B., & Koch, P. B. (2020). Correlates and predictors of sexual satisfaction for older adults in same-sex relationships. Journal of Homosexuality, 67(14), 1974–1998. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2019.1618647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores, A. R. (2019). Social acceptance of LGBT people in 174 countries, 1981 to 2017. The Williams Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Frost, D. M., Fingerhut, A. W., & Meyer, I. H. (2022). Social change and relationship quality among sexual minority individuals: Does minority stress still matter? Journal of Marriage and Family, 84(3), 920–933. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, D. M., & Meyer, I. H. (2009). Internalized homophobia and relationship quality among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), 97–109. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaines, S. O., Henderson, M. C., Kim, M., Gilstrap, S., Yi, J., Rusbult, C. E., Hardin, D. P., & Gaertner, L. (2005). Cultural value orientations, internalized homophobia, and accommodation in romantic relationships. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(1), 97–117. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v50n01_05
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez, F., Cumsille, P., & Barrientos, J. (2022). Mental health and life satisfaction on Chilean gay men and lesbian women: The role of perceived sexual stigma, internalized homophobia, and community connectedness. Journal of Homosexuality, Advance Online, 69(10), 1777–1799. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2021.1923278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez, F., Gúzman-González, M., Barrientos, J., Frost, D. M., Espinoza-Tapia, R., & Garrido-Rojas, L. (2022). Propiedades psicométricas de una versión en español de la Escala de Revisada de Homonegatividad Internalizada en hombres gais y mujeres lesbianas. Submitted for Publication, 1–30.
   Google Scholar
• Gómez, F. (2021). Sexualidad positiva en parejas del mismo sexo: un estudio exploratorio de correlatos relacionales e individuales. In XXXVIII Congreso Interamericano de Psicología, On-line.
   Google Scholar
• Hendrick, S. S., Dicke, A., & Hendrick, C. (1998). The relationship assessment scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(1), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407598151009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999152X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herek, G. M., Cogan, J. C., & Gillis, J. R. (2002). Victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation. Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), 319–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00263
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herek, G. M., Cogan, J. C., Gillis, J. R., & Glunt, E. K. (1998). Correlates of internalized homophobia in a community sample of lesbians and gay men. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, 2(1), 17–26.
   Google Scholar
• Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (2009). Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social psychological perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014672
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera, F. (2007). Construcción de la identidad lésbica en Santiago de Chile. Universum. Revista de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, 2(22), 156–168.
   Google Scholar
• Huynh, K. D., Sheridan, D. J., & Lee, D. L. (2020). Assessing the internalized homophobia scale for gender invariance. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 53(4), 238–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2020.1735202
   Google Scholar
• Kahn, M. J. (1991). Factors affecting the coming out process for lesbians. Journal of Homosexuality, 21(3), 47–70. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v21n03_03
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. L. (2020). Dyadic data analysis. The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Larraín, J. (2001). Identidad Chilena. LOM Ediciones.
   Google Scholar
• Lavner, J. A. (2017). Relationship satisfaction in lesbian couples: Review, methodological critique, and research agenda. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 21(1), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2016.1142348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. Springer Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1987). Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. European Journal of Personality, 1(3), 141–169. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410010304
   Google Scholar
• McCarn, S. R., & Fassinger, R. E. (1996). Revisioning sexual minority identity formation: A new model of lesbian identity and its implications for counseling and research. The Counseling Psychologist, 24(3), 508–534. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000096243011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGowan, C. (2020). Conversion therapy is an ‘open secret’ in Chile. Vice. https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7mdz4/conversion-therapy-is-an-open-secret-in-chile
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 38–56. 2137286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H., & Dean, L. (1998). Internalized homophobia, intimacy, and sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men. In G. M. Herek (Ed.), Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (pp. 160–186). Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H., & Frost, D. M. (2013). Minority stress and the health of sexual minorities. In C. J. Patterson & A. R. D'Augelli (Eds.), Handbook of psychology and sexual orientation (pp. 252–266). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H., Schwartz, S., & Frost, D. M. (2008). Social patterning of stress and coping: does disadvantaged social statuses confer more stress and fewer coping resources? Social Science & Medicine (1982), 67(3), 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohan, M. (2019). La zona roja: la región de Chile en la que las lesbianas viven con miedo a ser asesinadas. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-48742571
   Google Scholar
• Mohr, J. J., & Fassinger, R. E. (2006). Sexual orientation identity and romantic relationship quality in same-sex couples. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(8), 1085–1099. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206288281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morandini, J. S., Blaszczynski, A., Costa, D. S. J., Godwin, A., & Dar-Nimrod, I. (2017). Born this way: Sexual orientation beliefs and their correlates in lesbian and bisexual women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(5), 560–573. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morandini, J. S., Blaszczynski, A., Ross, M. W., Costa, D. S., & Dar-Nimrod, I. (2015). Essentialist beliefs, sexual identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity and psychological wellbeing in gay men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(3), 413–424. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOVILH. (2019). Encuesta visibles: Mujeres lesbianas y bisexuales en Chile. https://www.movilh.cl/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Encuesta-Lesbianas-Bisexuales-Chile-Visibles.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2017). Mplus user’s guide (8th ed.). Muthén & Muthén.
   Google Scholar
• Newcomb, M. E., & Mustanski, B. (2010). Internalized homophobia and internalizing mental health problems: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(8), 1019–1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nierman, A. J., Thompson, S. C., Bryan, A., & Mahaffey, A. L. (2007). Gender role beliefs and attitudes toward lesbians and gay men in Chile and the US. Sex Roles, 57(1–2), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9197-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otis, M. D., Rostosky, S. S., Riggle, E. D. B., & Hamrin, R. (2006). Stress and relationship quality in same-sex couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 23(1), 81–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407506060179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paz-Bailey, G., Miller, W., Shiraishi, R. W., Jacobson, J. O., Abimbola, T. O., & Chen, S. Y. (2013). Reaching men who have sex with men: A comparison of respondent-driven sampling and time-location sampling in Guatemala City. AIDS and Behavior, 17(9), 3081–3090. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0589-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pistella, J., Rosati, F., & Baiocco, R. (2022). Feeling safe and content: Relationship to internalized sexual stigma, self-awareness, and identity uncertainty in Italian lesbian and bisexual women. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2022.2087344
   Google Scholar
• Randall, A. K., & Bodenmann, G. (2017). Stress and its associations with relationship satisfaction. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivera, D., Cruz, C., & Muñoz, C. (2011). Satisfacción en las Relaciones de Pareja en la Adultez Emergente: El Rol del Apego, la Intimidad y la Depresión. Terapia Psicológica, 29(1), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082011000100008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romo, V. (2021, December 7). Chile’s Congress approves same-sex marriage by an overwhelming majority. npr. https://www.npr.org/2021/12/07/1062261334/chile-same-sex-marriage
   Google Scholar
• Russell, G. M., & Bohan, J. S. (2006). The case of internalized homophobia: Theory and/as practice. Theory & Psychology, 16(3), 343–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354306064283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons, D. J., Shoda, Y., & Lindsay, D. S. (2017). Constraints on generality (COG): A proposed addition to all empirical papers. Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 12(6), 1123–1128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617708630
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sommantico, M., Parrello, S., & De Rosa, B. (2020). Lesbian and gay relationship satisfaction among Italians: Adult attachment, social support, and internalized stigma. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(5), 1811–1822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01736-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subsecretaría de Prevención del Delito. (2021). Estudio exploratorio de discriminación y violencia hacia personas LGBTIQ + Resultados País. Ministerio del Interior y Seguridad Pública.
   Google Scholar
• Szymanski, D. M., & Chung, Y. B. (2001). The lesbian internalized homophobia scale. Journal of Homosexuality, 41(2), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v41n02_03
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szymanski, D. M., & Chung, Y. B. (2003a). Internalized homophobia in lesbians. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 7(1), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1300/J155v07n01_08
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Szymanski, D. M., & Chung, Y. B. (2003b). Feminist attitudes and coping resources as correlates of lesbian internalized heterosexism. Feminism & Psychology, 13(3), 369–389. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353503013003008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szymanski, D. M., Kashubeck-West, S., & Meyer, J. (2008). Internalized heterosexism: A historical and theoretical overview. The Counseling Psychologist, 36(4), 510–524. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000007309488
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D. J., Christensen, M. C., & Capous‐Desyllas, M. (2016). Social work practice and sexuality: Applying a positive sexuality model to enhance diversity and resolve problems. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 97(4), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.2016.97.35
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D. J., Thomas, J. N., Prior, E. E., & Walters, W. (2015). Introducing a multidisciplinary framework of positive sexuality. Journal of Positive Sexuality, 1(1), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.51681/1.112
   Google Scholar
• Wittig, M. (1992). The straight mind and other essays. Bacon press.
   Google Scholar
• Yee Lo, I. P. (2022). Violence in the “double closet”: female samesex intimate partner violence and minority stress in China. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2022.2091732
   Google Scholar